Organic reagents

From early AD to mid-19 century, people mainly use the natural organic substance (such as animal and plant extracts) for qualitative analysis or quantitative analysis. From the second half of the 19th century to the 1920s, it had begun to appear of artificially synthetic organic reagent such as using potassium acetate xanthan for test of nickel, copper, and molybdenum; using morin for test of aluminum; using diazo coupling reaction for the detection of Nitrite; using α-β-nitroso naphthol for detection of cobalt; using dimethyglyoxime for nickel test.

After the proposal of the special-effects group in the 1930s and the proposal of theoretical analysis of functional groups theory in 1950s, people had carried out large-scale screen of organic reagents in search of special-effects analysis groups for different ions and had successfully synthesized a lot of agents of practical value (such as copper reagents, new copper agent, cadmium reagents, beryllium reagent, thorium reagents, etc.). Before the 1950s, the complex compound, in analytic chemistry, is mainly used in the aspects of the precipitation reaction of a binary chelate for the qualitative detection, precipitate isolation and gravimetric separation and other aspects. In the early 1950s and 1960, it is mainly in the form of complexometric titration. From the beginning of the late 1960s, the main focus has been moved to the photometric analysis. Meanwhile, it has been also developed of chelate organic solvent extraction.

8-hydroxy quinoline, hydrazones, oximes, hydroxamic acids, polyphenols, 1, 10-phenanthroline, phosphorus-oxygen extractant, β- diketones, triphenylmethane acid dye, xanthene dyes and azo dyes and other agents has all been widely studied and applied. On the other hand, the structural theoretical research (such as electronic effects, spatial effects and substituent effects) of the organic reagent can further facilitate the development of new-type organic reagents such as heterocyclic azo reagent. During this period, it has been also developed of monoazo chromotropic acid-type and disazo chromotropic acid-type reagent. During the mid-1970s, the chelating resin and adsorbents have achieved rapid development. Since the 1980s, Chinese researchers of analytical chemistry have made progress in the field of the synthesis and application of asymmetric disazo chromotropic acid.

Organic chemical reagents have wide application in analytic chemistry and are mainly used in solvents, precipitation agents, complexing agents, indicator, coloring reagent and surface active agent, etc. In order to adapt to a variety of analytical needs, sometimes it is required to purify certain reagents. For example, liquid organic reagent is often purified by distillation while solid substance is often purified through crystallization and sublimation. Substance having a high vapor pressure, namely having low purification boiling point and undergoing no decomposition under boiling temperature commonly applied atmospheric distillation; for less volatile and water-insoluble substance, namely having high purification point or undergoing decomposition under boiling temperature, we can apply vacuum distillation or steam distillation for purification of it.

Distillation is a commonly used method for laboratory purification of organic reagent. Conventional distillation apparatus generally comprises distiller, condenser and receiver, three parts with auxiliary section also containing heater, a thermometer, a wetted tube and cork.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
4-Chlorobenzonitrile 4-Chlorobenzonitrile 623-03-0 C7H4ClN
2-NITROANILINE-4-SULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT 2-NITROANILINE-4-SULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT 5042-33-1 C6H5N2NaO5S
2-Iodophenylacetic acid 2-Iodophenylacetic acid 18698-96-9 C8H7IO2
Phthalhydrazide Phthalhydrazide 1445-69-8 C8H6N2O2
Cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde Cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde 1489-69-6 C4H6O
Tetraethylammonium Chloride Tetraethylammonium Chloride 56-34-8 C8H20ClN
4-HYDROXY-3-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZALDEHYDE 4-HYDROXY-3-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZALDEHYDE 220227-98-5 C8H5F3O2
3,4'-DIAMINODIPHENYLMETHANE 3,4'-DIAMINODIPHENYLMETHANE 19430-83-2 C13H14N2
Tributyl borate Tributyl borate 688-74-4 C12H27BO3
m-Toluic acid m-Toluic acid 99-04-7 C8H8O2
(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acetic acid (3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acetic acid 93-40-3 C10H12O4
3-PYRIDINECARBOXAMIDINE 3-PYRIDINECARBOXAMIDINE 23255-20-1 C6H7N3
4-IODO-3-METHYLBENZOIC ACID 4-IODO-3-METHYLBENZOIC ACID 52107-87-6 C8H7IO2
2,4-Dichlorobenzyl alcohol 2,4-Dichlorobenzyl alcohol 1777-82-8 C7H6Cl2O
3,4-Dichlorophenylboronic acid 3,4-Dichlorophenylboronic acid 151169-75-4 C6H5BCl2O2
1,6-Hexanediol 1,6-Hexanediol 629-11-8 C6H14O2
2-Fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride 2-Fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride 2905-21-7 C6H4ClFO2S
Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid chloride Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid chloride 2719-27-9 C7H11ClO
2,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic acid 2,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic acid 490-64-2 C10H12O5
4-CHLORO-2-FLUOROBENZALDEHYDE 4-CHLORO-2-FLUOROBENZALDEHYDE 61072-56-8 C7H4ClFO
3-Nitrobenzyl bromide 3-Nitrobenzyl bromide 3958-57-4 C7H6BrNO2
Diphenylphosphoryl azide Diphenylphosphoryl azide 26386-88-9 C12H10N3O3P
Triisopropylsilyl chloride Triisopropylsilyl chloride 13154-24-0 C9H21ClSi
Formamidine acetate Formamidine acetate 3473-63-0 C3H8N2O2
3-Hydroxy-4-nitrobenzoic acid 3-Hydroxy-4-nitrobenzoic acid 619-14-7 C7H5NO5
2-Amino-5-chlorophenol 2-Amino-5-chlorophenol 28443-50-7 C6H6ClNO
3-Nitrophenyl sulphone 3-Nitrophenyl sulphone 1228-53-1 C12H8N2O6S
4-Bromobenzonitrile 4-Bromobenzonitrile 623-00-7 C7H4BrN
METHYL 2-BROMO-4-METHYLBENZOATE METHYL 2-BROMO-4-METHYLBENZOATE 87808-49-9 C9H9BrO2
3-Chlorophenylacetic acid 3-Chlorophenylacetic acid 1878-65-5 C8H7ClO2
2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid 303-38-8 C7H6O4
2',5'-Dichloroacetophenone 2',5'-Dichloroacetophenone 2476-37-1 C8H6Cl2O
3-Chlorophenylboronic acid 3-Chlorophenylboronic acid 63503-60-6 C6H6BClO2
Triethyl phosphonoacetate Triethyl phosphonoacetate 867-13-0 C8H17O5P
3,4-Dichlorobenzoic acid 3,4-Dichlorobenzoic acid 51-44-5 C7H4Cl2O2
3,5-Dimethylisoxazole-4-boronic acid 3,5-Dimethylisoxazole-4-boronic acid 16114-47-9 C5H8BNO3
1,4-Dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-one 1,4-Dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-one 4746-97-8 C8H12O3
Cyclopropanecarbonyl Chloride Cyclopropanecarbonyl Chloride 4023-34-1 C4H5ClO
4'-Iodoacetophenone 4'-Iodoacetophenone 13329-40-3 C8H7IO
2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethanol 2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethanol 2916-68-9 C5H14OSi
Methyltriphenylphosphonium iodide Methyltriphenylphosphonium iodide 2065-66-9 C19H18IP
Methyl malonyl chloride Methyl malonyl chloride 37517-81-0 C4H5ClO3
1-Boc-3-(Aminomethyl)azetidine 1-Boc-3-(Aminomethyl)azetidine 325775-44-8 C9H18N2O2
4-Methylphenylacetic acid 4-Methylphenylacetic acid 622-47-9 C9H10O2
Borane-methyl sulfide complex Borane-methyl sulfide complex 13292-87-0 C2H10BS
4-FLUORO-2-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZENEBORONIC ACID 4-FLUORO-2-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZENEBORONIC ACID 182344-16-7 C7H5BF4O2
Ethyl diethoxyacetate Ethyl diethoxyacetate 6065-82-3 C8H16O4
Acetylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal Acetylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal 5436-21-5 C6H12O3
2-(Trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid 2-(Trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid 433-97-6 C8H5F3O2
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol 95-95-4 C6H3Cl3O
DIPHENYL DISULFIDE DIPHENYL DISULFIDE 882-33-7 C12H10S2
Methyl 3-hydroxybenzoate Methyl 3-hydroxybenzoate 19438-10-9 C8H8O3
Sodium 1-octanesulfonate Sodium 1-octanesulfonate 5324-84-5 C8H17NaO3S
Ethyl glyoxalate Ethyl glyoxalate 924-44-7 C4H6O3
4-Chlorobenzophenone 4-Chlorobenzophenone 134-85-0 C13H9ClO
Biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid Biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid 787-70-2 C14H10O4
5-Hexen-1-ol 5-Hexen-1-ol 821-41-0 C6H12O
3,4-Dimethoxyhydrocinnamic acid 3,4-Dimethoxyhydrocinnamic acid 2107-70-2 C11H14O4
2,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde 2,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde 4460-86-0 C10H12O4
Ethyl difluoroacetate Ethyl difluoroacetate 454-31-9 C4H6F2O2
(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acetonitrile (3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acetonitrile 93-17-4 C10H11NO2
Glycidyl methacrylate Glycidyl methacrylate 106-91-2 C7H10O3
2-Methoxy-4-nitrophenol 2-Methoxy-4-nitrophenol 3251-56-7 C7H7NO4
Methyl 3-mercaptopropionate Methyl 3-mercaptopropionate 2935-90-2 C4H8O2S
Isophthalic acid Isophthalic acid 121-91-5 C8H6O4
3-Bromo-1,1,1-trifluoroacetone 3-Bromo-1,1,1-trifluoroacetone 431-35-6 C3H2BrF3O
Methyl 4-chloro-3-oxo-butanoate Methyl 4-chloro-3-oxo-butanoate 32807-28-6 C5H7ClO3
(R)-Glycerol 1-(p-toluenesulfonate) (R)-Glycerol 1-(p-toluenesulfonate) 41274-09-3 C10H14O5S
1,4-Phenylenebisboronic acid 1,4-Phenylenebisboronic acid 4612-26-4 C6H8B2O4
2-CHLORO-5-(4,4,5,5-TETRAMETHYL-1,3,2-DIOXABOROLAN-2-YL)PYRIDINE 2-CHLORO-5-(4,4,5,5-TETRAMETHYL-1,3,2-DIOXABOROLAN-2-YL)PYRIDINE 444120-94-9 C11H15BClNO2
2,4-Dichlorobenzonitrile 2,4-Dichlorobenzonitrile 6574-98-7 C7H3Cl2N
3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid 3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid 645-08-9 C8H8O4
5-Hydroxy-2-nitrobenzaldehyde 5-Hydroxy-2-nitrobenzaldehyde 42454-06-8 C7H5NO4
3-Chloro-2-methylbenzoic acid 3-Chloro-2-methylbenzoic acid 7499-08-3 C8H7ClO2
4-Guanidinobenzoic acid hydrochloride 4-Guanidinobenzoic acid hydrochloride 42823-46-1 C8H10ClN3O2
Pimelic acid Pimelic acid 111-16-0 C7H12O4
4-Methoxybenzylchloride 4-Methoxybenzylchloride 824-94-2 C8H9ClO
Methyl 4-chlorobutyrate Methyl 4-chlorobutyrate 3153-37-5 C5H9ClO2
Triphenylmethanol Triphenylmethanol 76-84-6 C19H16O
2'-(Trifluoromethyl)acetophenone 2'-(Trifluoromethyl)acetophenone 17408-14-9 C9H7F3O
5-Chloro-2-methoxyphenylboronic acid 5-Chloro-2-methoxyphenylboronic acid 89694-48-4 C7H8BClO3
HYDROXYLAMINE HYDROXYLAMINE 7803-49-8 H3NO
2-Pyrazinecarboxylic acid 2-Pyrazinecarboxylic acid 98-97-5 C5H4N2O2
Tetrabutylammonium bromide Tetrabutylammonium bromide 1643-19-2 C16H36BrN
4-CHLOROPHENYLTHIOUREA 4-CHLOROPHENYLTHIOUREA 3696-23-9 C7H7ClN2S
X-PHOS X-PHOS 564483-18-7 C33H49P
4-Bromophenylboronic acid 4-Bromophenylboronic acid 5467-74-3 C6H6BBrO2
Methylboronic acid Methylboronic acid 13061-96-6 CH5BO2
4-Benzyloxybenzaldehyde 4-Benzyloxybenzaldehyde 4397-53-9 C14H12O2
3-Carboxyphenylboronic acid 3-Carboxyphenylboronic acid 25487-66-5 C7H7BO4
Syringic acid Syringic acid 530-57-4 C9H10O5
3,5-Dimethoxybenzyl alcohol 3,5-Dimethoxybenzyl alcohol 705-76-0 C9H12O3
Methanesulfonic acid Methanesulfonic acid 75-75-2 CH4O3S
2,6-Dimethylphenol 2,6-Dimethylphenol 576-26-1 C8H10O
Azidotrimethylsilane Azidotrimethylsilane 4648-54-8 C3H9N3Si
Ethyl gallate Ethyl gallate 831-61-8 C9H10O5
(Methoxymethyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride (Methoxymethyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride 4009-98-7 C20H20ClOP
4-Methylsalicylic acid 4-Methylsalicylic acid 50-85-1 C8H8O3
2-Amino-3-nitrophenol 2-Amino-3-nitrophenol 603-85-0 C6H6N2O3
4-Iodophenylboronic acid 4-Iodophenylboronic acid 5122-99-6 C6H6BIO2
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