Organic reagents

From early AD to mid-19 century, people mainly use the natural organic substance (such as animal and plant extracts) for qualitative analysis or quantitative analysis. From the second half of the 19th century to the 1920s, it had begun to appear of artificially synthetic organic reagent such as using potassium acetate xanthan for test of nickel, copper, and molybdenum; using morin for test of aluminum; using diazo coupling reaction for the detection of Nitrite; using α-β-nitroso naphthol for detection of cobalt; using dimethyglyoxime for nickel test.

After the proposal of the special-effects group in the 1930s and the proposal of theoretical analysis of functional groups theory in 1950s, people had carried out large-scale screen of organic reagents in search of special-effects analysis groups for different ions and had successfully synthesized a lot of agents of practical value (such as copper reagents, new copper agent, cadmium reagents, beryllium reagent, thorium reagents, etc.). Before the 1950s, the complex compound, in analytic chemistry, is mainly used in the aspects of the precipitation reaction of a binary chelate for the qualitative detection, precipitate isolation and gravimetric separation and other aspects. In the early 1950s and 1960, it is mainly in the form of complexometric titration. From the beginning of the late 1960s, the main focus has been moved to the photometric analysis. Meanwhile, it has been also developed of chelate organic solvent extraction.

8-hydroxy quinoline, hydrazones, oximes, hydroxamic acids, polyphenols, 1, 10-phenanthroline, phosphorus-oxygen extractant, β- diketones, triphenylmethane acid dye, xanthene dyes and azo dyes and other agents has all been widely studied and applied. On the other hand, the structural theoretical research (such as electronic effects, spatial effects and substituent effects) of the organic reagent can further facilitate the development of new-type organic reagents such as heterocyclic azo reagent. During this period, it has been also developed of monoazo chromotropic acid-type and disazo chromotropic acid-type reagent. During the mid-1970s, the chelating resin and adsorbents have achieved rapid development. Since the 1980s, Chinese researchers of analytical chemistry have made progress in the field of the synthesis and application of asymmetric disazo chromotropic acid.

Organic chemical reagents have wide application in analytic chemistry and are mainly used in solvents, precipitation agents, complexing agents, indicator, coloring reagent and surface active agent, etc. In order to adapt to a variety of analytical needs, sometimes it is required to purify certain reagents. For example, liquid organic reagent is often purified by distillation while solid substance is often purified through crystallization and sublimation. Substance having a high vapor pressure, namely having low purification boiling point and undergoing no decomposition under boiling temperature commonly applied atmospheric distillation; for less volatile and water-insoluble substance, namely having high purification point or undergoing decomposition under boiling temperature, we can apply vacuum distillation or steam distillation for purification of it.

Distillation is a commonly used method for laboratory purification of organic reagent. Conventional distillation apparatus generally comprises distiller, condenser and receiver, three parts with auxiliary section also containing heater, a thermometer, a wetted tube and cork.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
DL-Mandelic acid DL-Mandelic acid 90-64-2 C8H8O3
4-Aminothiophenol 4-Aminothiophenol 1193-02-8 C6H7NS
N-Boc-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-4-boronic acid pinacol ester N-Boc-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-4-boronic acid pinacol ester 286961-14-6 C16H28BNO4
4-Fluoro-3-methylphenylboronic acid 4-Fluoro-3-methylphenylboronic acid 139911-27-6 C7H8BFO2
HEPTACOSANOIC ACID HEPTACOSANOIC ACID 7138-40-1 C27H54O2
4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol 623-05-2 C7H8O2
Levulinic acid Levulinic acid 123-76-2 C5H8O3
5-CHLOROTHIOPHENE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID 5-CHLOROTHIOPHENE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID 24065-33-6 C5H3ClO2S
2-Iodoxybenzoic acid 2-Iodoxybenzoic acid 61717-82-6 C7H5IO4
Propionyl chloride Propionyl chloride 79-03-8 C3H5ClO
3-(METHYLTHIO)ANILINE 3-(METHYLTHIO)ANILINE 1783-81-9 C7H9NS
Methyl propiolate Methyl propiolate 922-67-8 C4H4O2
3,4-Dichlorophenylacetic acid 3,4-Dichlorophenylacetic acid 5807-30-7 C8H6Cl2O2
Poly(sodium-p-styrenesulfonate) Poly(sodium-p-styrenesulfonate) 25704-18-1 C10H13NaO3S
POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE 37222-66-5 H3KO13S3(-4)
(S)-(-)-2-Chloropropionic acid (S)-(-)-2-Chloropropionic acid 29617-66-1 C3H5ClO2
3-Hydroxy-4-methylbenzoic acid 3-Hydroxy-4-methylbenzoic acid 586-30-1 C8H8O3
Diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate Diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate 87-13-8 C10H16O5
TRIS hydrochloride TRIS hydrochloride 1185-53-1 C4H12ClNO3
3-Nitrobenzonitrile 3-Nitrobenzonitrile 619-24-9 C7H4N2O2
2-Aminobenzophenone 2-Aminobenzophenone 2835-77-0 C13H11NO
2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde 673-22-3 C8H8O3
2-Fluoro-5-nitrobenzaldehyde 2-Fluoro-5-nitrobenzaldehyde 27996-87-8 C7H4FNO3
Difluoroacetic acid Difluoroacetic acid 381-73-7 C2H2F2O2
1-Bromo-2-methylpropane 1-Bromo-2-methylpropane 78-77-3 C4H9Br
2-Fluoro-4-methoxyphenylacetic acid 2-Fluoro-4-methoxyphenylacetic acid 883531-28-0 C9H9FO3
2-Bromo-9,9-dimethylfluorene 2-Bromo-9,9-dimethylfluorene 28320-31-2 C15H13Br
2-Bromobutyric acid methyl ester 2-Bromobutyric acid methyl ester 3196-15-4 C5H9BrO2
N-[4-Cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-methacrylamide N-[4-Cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-methacrylamide 90357-53-2 C12H9F3N2O
2-Cyanobenzaldehyde 2-Cyanobenzaldehyde 7468-67-9 C8H5NO
(S)-3,3-Diphenyl-1-methylpyrrolidino[1,2-c]-1,3,2-oxazaborole (S)-3,3-Diphenyl-1-methylpyrrolidino[1,2-c]-1,3,2-oxazaborole 112022-81-8 C18H20BNO
3-BROMOTHIOPHENOL 3-BROMOTHIOPHENOL 6320-01-0 C6H5BrS
Methyl carbamate Methyl carbamate 598-55-0 C2H5NO2
2-Biphenylcarboxylic acid 2-Biphenylcarboxylic acid 947-84-2 C13H10O2
4-Methylcyclohexanone 4-Methylcyclohexanone 589-92-4 C7H12O
3-Fluorophthalic anhydride 3-Fluorophthalic anhydride 652-39-1 C8H3FO3
2,3-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde 2,3-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde 24677-78-9 C7H6O3
2-AMINO-6-CHLOROBENZONITRILE 2-AMINO-6-CHLOROBENZONITRILE 147249-41-0 C7H4Cl2N2
4-Bromocinnamic acid 4-Bromocinnamic acid 1200-07-3 C9H7BrO2
2-Ethylhexyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate 2-Ethylhexyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate 21245-02-3 C17H27NO2
N-[3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine N-[3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine 1760-24-3 C8H22N2O3Si
3',4'-Difluoroacetophenone 3',4'-Difluoroacetophenone 369-33-5 C8H6F2O
Cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde Cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde 2043-61-0 C7H12O
Cyclopropylboronic acid Cyclopropylboronic acid 411235-57-9 C3H7BO2
3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)aniline 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)aniline 328-74-5 C8H5F6N
4-Fluoro-2-trifluoromethylbenzonitrile 4-Fluoro-2-trifluoromethylbenzonitrile 194853-86-6 C8H3F4N
1-Adamantanecarboxylic acid 1-Adamantanecarboxylic acid 828-51-3 C11H16O2
5-Mercapto-1H-tetrazole-1-methanesulfonic acid disodium salt 5-Mercapto-1H-tetrazole-1-methanesulfonic acid disodium salt 66242-82-8 C2H2N4Na2O3S2
p-Toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate p-Toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate 6192-52-5 C7H10O4S
Trimethylsilylacetylene Trimethylsilylacetylene 1066-54-2 C5H10Si
Bis(4-fluorophenyl)-methanone Bis(4-fluorophenyl)-methanone 345-92-6 C13H8F2O
4-BROMOTHIOPHENOL 4-BROMOTHIOPHENOL 106-53-6 C6H5BrS
Methyl o-toluate Methyl o-toluate 89-71-4 C9H10O2
2,6-DINITRO-4-TRIFLUOROMETHYLBENZENESULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT 2,6-DINITRO-4-TRIFLUOROMETHYLBENZENESULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT 54495-25-9 C7H2F3N2NaO7S
Triphosgene Triphosgene 32315-10-9 C3Cl6O3
3-Bromo-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid 3-Bromo-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid 328-67-6 C8H4BrF3O2
Ethyl 4-chloroacetoacetate Ethyl 4-chloroacetoacetate 638-07-3 C6H9ClO3
2-Amino-3-chlorobenzoic acid 2-Amino-3-chlorobenzoic acid 6388-47-2 C7H6ClNO2
Cyclohexylboronic acid Cyclohexylboronic acid 4441-56-9 C6H13BO2
Vanillic acid Vanillic acid 121-34-6 C8H8O4
2,5-Dichlorophenylboronic acid 2,5-Dichlorophenylboronic acid 135145-90-3 C6H5BCl2O2
2,5-Hexanedione 2,5-Hexanedione 110-13-4 C6H10O2
3-Iodophenol 3-Iodophenol 626-02-8 C6H5IO
2,6-Dimethoxyphenylboronic acid 2,6-Dimethoxyphenylboronic acid 23112-96-1 C8H11BO4
Tropinone Tropinone 532-24-1 C8H13NO
2,6-Dichlorophenylacetic acid 2,6-Dichlorophenylacetic acid 6575-24-2 C8H6Cl2O2
3-Methoxy-4-methylbenzoic acid 3-Methoxy-4-methylbenzoic acid 7151-68-0 C9H10O3
2-Fluorobenzoyl chloride 2-Fluorobenzoyl chloride 393-52-2 C7H4ClFO
4-Mercaptobenzoic acid 4-Mercaptobenzoic acid 1074-36-8 C7H6O2S
4-Bromothioanisole 4-Bromothioanisole 104-95-0 C7H7BrS
1-Eth-1-ynyl-4-(pentyloxy)benzene 1-Eth-1-ynyl-4-(pentyloxy)benzene 79887-16-4 C13H16O
1 10-PHENANTHROLINE-5 6-DIONE  97 1 10-PHENANTHROLINE-5 6-DIONE 97 27318-90-7 C12H6N2O2
2-Fluoro-4-nitrophenol 2-Fluoro-4-nitrophenol 403-19-0 C6H4FNO3
1-Methyl-3-phenyl-2-thiourea 1-Methyl-3-phenyl-2-thiourea 2724-69-8 C8H10N2S
4-Chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol 4-Chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol 88-04-0 C8H9ClO
6-Chlorohexanol 6-Chlorohexanol 2009-83-8 C6H13ClO
2-Nitrobenzyl alcohol 2-Nitrobenzyl alcohol 612-25-9 C7H7NO3
2,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde 2,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde 613-45-6 C9H10O3
2-ETHOXYPHENYLBORONIC ACID 2-ETHOXYPHENYLBORONIC ACID 213211-69-9 C8H11BO3
Phenyl chloroformate Phenyl chloroformate 1885-14-9 C7H5ClO2
2-Bromo-4-methylphenol 2-Bromo-4-methylphenol 6627-55-0 C7H7BrO
4-Acetylbenzoic acid 4-Acetylbenzoic acid 586-89-0 C9H8O3
4-Chlorobenzyl alcohol 4-Chlorobenzyl alcohol 873-76-7 C7H7ClO
N-(Methoxymethyl)-N-(trimethylsilylmethyl)benzylamine N-(Methoxymethyl)-N-(trimethylsilylmethyl)benzylamine 93102-05-7 C13H23NOSi
Ethyl 4,4,4-trifluorocrotonate Ethyl 4,4,4-trifluorocrotonate 25597-16-4 C6H7F3O2
Dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate Dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate 762-42-5 C6H6O4
Nortropinone hydrochloride Nortropinone hydrochloride 25602-68-0 C7H12ClNO
2-BROMO-5-METHOXYBENZOIC ACID 2-BROMO-5-METHOXYBENZOIC ACID 22921-68-2 C8H7BrO3
1-Methylindazole-3-carboxylic acid 1-Methylindazole-3-carboxylic acid 50890-83-0 C9H8N2O2
Citrazinic acid Citrazinic acid 99-11-6 C6H5NO4
4-Mercaptopyridine 4-Mercaptopyridine 4556-23-4 C5H5NS
3-Thiopheneboronic acid 3-Thiopheneboronic acid 6165-69-1 C4H5BO2S
Benzoyl hydrazine Benzoyl hydrazine 613-94-5 C7H8N2O
Ethyl glycolate Ethyl glycolate 623-50-7 C4H8O3
4-Ethynyltoluene 4-Ethynyltoluene 766-97-2 C9H8
Methyl 3,5-dimethoxybenzoate Methyl 3,5-dimethoxybenzoate 2150-37-0 C10H12O4
Suberic acid Suberic acid 505-48-6 C8H14O4
Methanesulfonamide Methanesulfonamide 3144-09-0 CH5NO2S
Diphenylacetonitrile Diphenylacetonitrile 86-29-3 C14H11N
tert-Butyl acetate tert-Butyl acetate 540-88-5 C6H12O2
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