Organic reagents

From early AD to mid-19 century, people mainly use the natural organic substance (such as animal and plant extracts) for qualitative analysis or quantitative analysis. From the second half of the 19th century to the 1920s, it had begun to appear of artificially synthetic organic reagent such as using potassium acetate xanthan for test of nickel, copper, and molybdenum; using morin for test of aluminum; using diazo coupling reaction for the detection of Nitrite; using α-β-nitroso naphthol for detection of cobalt; using dimethyglyoxime for nickel test.

After the proposal of the special-effects group in the 1930s and the proposal of theoretical analysis of functional groups theory in 1950s, people had carried out large-scale screen of organic reagents in search of special-effects analysis groups for different ions and had successfully synthesized a lot of agents of practical value (such as copper reagents, new copper agent, cadmium reagents, beryllium reagent, thorium reagents, etc.). Before the 1950s, the complex compound, in analytic chemistry, is mainly used in the aspects of the precipitation reaction of a binary chelate for the qualitative detection, precipitate isolation and gravimetric separation and other aspects. In the early 1950s and 1960, it is mainly in the form of complexometric titration. From the beginning of the late 1960s, the main focus has been moved to the photometric analysis. Meanwhile, it has been also developed of chelate organic solvent extraction.

8-hydroxy quinoline, hydrazones, oximes, hydroxamic acids, polyphenols, 1, 10-phenanthroline, phosphorus-oxygen extractant, β- diketones, triphenylmethane acid dye, xanthene dyes and azo dyes and other agents has all been widely studied and applied. On the other hand, the structural theoretical research (such as electronic effects, spatial effects and substituent effects) of the organic reagent can further facilitate the development of new-type organic reagents such as heterocyclic azo reagent. During this period, it has been also developed of monoazo chromotropic acid-type and disazo chromotropic acid-type reagent. During the mid-1970s, the chelating resin and adsorbents have achieved rapid development. Since the 1980s, Chinese researchers of analytical chemistry have made progress in the field of the synthesis and application of asymmetric disazo chromotropic acid.

Organic chemical reagents have wide application in analytic chemistry and are mainly used in solvents, precipitation agents, complexing agents, indicator, coloring reagent and surface active agent, etc. In order to adapt to a variety of analytical needs, sometimes it is required to purify certain reagents. For example, liquid organic reagent is often purified by distillation while solid substance is often purified through crystallization and sublimation. Substance having a high vapor pressure, namely having low purification boiling point and undergoing no decomposition under boiling temperature commonly applied atmospheric distillation; for less volatile and water-insoluble substance, namely having high purification point or undergoing decomposition under boiling temperature, we can apply vacuum distillation or steam distillation for purification of it.

Distillation is a commonly used method for laboratory purification of organic reagent. Conventional distillation apparatus generally comprises distiller, condenser and receiver, three parts with auxiliary section also containing heater, a thermometer, a wetted tube and cork.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
4-Methylsulphonylacetophenone 4-Methylsulphonylacetophenone 10297-73-1 C9H10O3S
Tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether Tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether 143-24-8 C10H22O5
4-Chlorobutyronitrile 4-Chlorobutyronitrile 628-20-6 C4H6ClN
1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane 3277-26-7 C4H14OSi2
4-Bromobenzoyl chloride 4-Bromobenzoyl chloride 586-75-4 C7H4BrClO
3-Furanboronic acid 3-Furanboronic acid 55552-70-0 C4H5BO3
2-FLUORO-5-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PHENYLBORONIC ACID 2-FLUORO-5-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PHENYLBORONIC ACID 352535-96-7 C7H5BF4O2
2-Bromo-5-chlorobenzoic acid 2-Bromo-5-chlorobenzoic acid 21739-93-5 C7H4BrClO2
4-(Hydroxymethyl)phenylboronic acid 4-(Hydroxymethyl)phenylboronic acid 59016-93-2 C7H9BO3
Trimethylsulfoxonium iodide Trimethylsulfoxonium iodide 1774-47-6 C3H9IOS
Betaine hydrochloride Betaine hydrochloride 590-46-5 C5H12ClNO2
NEOPENTYL ALCOHOL NEOPENTYL ALCOHOL 75-84-3 C5H12O
2-Bromopropionyl bromide 2-Bromopropionyl bromide 563-76-8 C3H4Br2O
Bromo-tris-pyrrolidino-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate Bromo-tris-pyrrolidino-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate 132705-51-2 C12H24BrF6N3P2
1-Chloroethyl chloroformate 1-Chloroethyl chloroformate 50893-53-3 C3H4Cl2O2
1-Acetyl-2-phenylhydrazine 1-Acetyl-2-phenylhydrazine 114-83-0 C8H10N2O
Phenylboronic acid Phenylboronic acid 98-80-6 C6H7BO2
Thiosalicylic acid Thiosalicylic acid 147-93-3 C7H6O2S
2-Tolylboronic acid 2-Tolylboronic acid 16419-60-6 C7H9BO2
Sodium 2-naphthol-7-sulfonate Sodium 2-naphthol-7-sulfonate 135-55-7 C10H9NaO4S
2-Hydroxyethylhydrazine 2-Hydroxyethylhydrazine 109-84-2 C2H8N2O
1,5-EDANS SODIUM SALT 1,5-EDANS SODIUM SALT 100900-07-0 C12H13N2NaO3S
Cyclobutanemethanol Cyclobutanemethanol 4415-82-1 C5H10O
DL-Tartaric acid DL-Tartaric acid 133-37-9 C4H6O6
9-Anthraldehyde 9-Anthraldehyde 642-31-9 C15H10O
Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate Ethyl 4-bromobutyrate 2969-81-5 C6H11BrO2
3-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZYL MERCAPTAN 3-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZYL MERCAPTAN 25697-55-6 C8H7F3S
o-Toluoyl chloride o-Toluoyl chloride 933-88-0 C8H7ClO
Methyl acetoacetate Methyl acetoacetate 105-45-3 C5H8O3
1,4-Benzodioxan-2-carboxylic acid 1,4-Benzodioxan-2-carboxylic acid 3663-80-7 C9H8O4
(S)-(-)-1,2-Diaminopropane dihydrochloride (S)-(-)-1,2-Diaminopropane dihydrochloride 19777-66-3 C3H11ClN2
4-Hydroxyphenethyl alcohol 4-Hydroxyphenethyl alcohol 501-94-0 C8H10O2
2,3-Dichlorobenzoic acid 2,3-Dichlorobenzoic acid 50-45-3 C7H4Cl2O2
1,2-Dianilinoethane 1,2-Dianilinoethane 150-61-8 C14H16N2
3'-Bromoacetophenone 3'-Bromoacetophenone 2142-63-4 C8H7BrO
4-Chloro-2-nitrobenzoic acid 4-Chloro-2-nitrobenzoic acid 6280-88-2 C7H4ClNO4
2-Bromo-3-methylbenzoic acid 2-Bromo-3-methylbenzoic acid 53663-39-1 C8H7BrO2
3,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone 3,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone 51863-60-6 C8H8O3
2'-Bromoacetophenone 2'-Bromoacetophenone 2142-69-0 C8H7BrO
3'-Fluoroacetophenone 3'-Fluoroacetophenone 455-36-7 C8H7FO
3,3-Dimethylbutyryl chloride 3,3-Dimethylbutyryl chloride 7065-46-5 C6H11ClO
3-Fluoro-4-hydroxybenzoic acid 3-Fluoro-4-hydroxybenzoic acid 350-29-8 C7H5FO3
2-Chloropropionyl chloride 2-Chloropropionyl chloride 7623-09-8 C3H4Cl2O
3-Fluoro-4-nitrophenol 3-Fluoro-4-nitrophenol 394-41-2 C6H4FNO3
Benzo[b]thien-2-ylboronic acid Benzo[b]thien-2-ylboronic acid 98437-23-1 C8H7BO2S
Methyl 4-cyanobenzoate Methyl 4-cyanobenzoate 1129-35-7 C9H7NO2
1-Iodobutane 1-Iodobutane 542-69-8 C4H9I
tert-Butyl 3-oxoazetidine-1-carboxylate tert-Butyl 3-oxoazetidine-1-carboxylate 398489-26-4 C8H13NO3
2-Carboxyphenylboronic acid 2-Carboxyphenylboronic acid 149105-19-1 C7H7BO4
4-Bromo-3,5-dimethylphenol 4-Bromo-3,5-dimethylphenol 7463-51-6 C8H9BrO
N-(2-Methylphenyl)thiourea N-(2-Methylphenyl)thiourea 614-78-8 C8H10N2S
Methyl 4-methoxyacetoacetate Methyl 4-methoxyacetoacetate 41051-15-4 C6H10O4
2,4-Diaminophenetole sulfate 2,4-Diaminophenetole sulfate 68015-98-5 C8H14N2O5S
2'-Fluoroacetophenone 2'-Fluoroacetophenone 445-27-2 C8H7FO
3-Chloro-2-nitrobenzoic acid 3-Chloro-2-nitrobenzoic acid 4771-47-5 C7H4ClNO4
3'-Chloroacetophenone 3'-Chloroacetophenone 99-02-5 C8H7ClO
1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane nickel(II) chloride 1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane nickel(II) chloride 14647-23-5 C26H24Cl2NiP2
3-Chloro-4-methylphenylboronic acid 3-Chloro-4-methylphenylboronic acid 175883-63-3 C7H8BClO2
2-Chloromandelic acid 2-Chloromandelic acid 10421-85-9 C8H7ClO3
2,2-Dimethylsuccinic acid 2,2-Dimethylsuccinic acid 597-43-3 C6H10O4
5-Acetyl-2-thiopheneboronic acid 5-Acetyl-2-thiopheneboronic acid 206551-43-1 C6H7BO3S
Bathophenanthroline Bathophenanthroline 1662-01-7 C24H16N2
2',4'-Difluoroacetophenone 2',4'-Difluoroacetophenone 364-83-0 C8H6F2O
4-METHYLPHENYLTHIOUREA 4-METHYLPHENYLTHIOUREA 622-52-6 C8H10N2S
Perylene Perylene 198-55-0 C20H12
4-Methoxyphenylacetone 4-Methoxyphenylacetone 122-84-9 C10H12O2
Methyl carbazate Methyl carbazate 6294-89-9 C2H6N2O2
1-(Trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne 1-(Trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne 6224-91-5 C6H12Si
4-(4-Methoxyphenyl)butyric acid 4-(4-Methoxyphenyl)butyric acid 4521-28-2 C11H14O3
4-Fluoro-2-methylphenylboronic acid 4-Fluoro-2-methylphenylboronic acid 139911-29-8 C7H8BFO2
Sodium dicyanamide Sodium dicyanamide 1934-75-4 C2N3Na
4-Aminophenylboronic acid pinacol ester 4-Aminophenylboronic acid pinacol ester 214360-73-3 C12H18BNO2
Carboxymethoxylamine hemihydrochloride Carboxymethoxylamine hemihydrochloride 2921-14-4 C2H6ClNO3
Dimethyl maleate Dimethyl maleate 624-48-6 C6H8O4
3-Hydroxybenzoic acid 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid 99-06-9 C7H6O3
4-Chloro-1-butanol 4-Chloro-1-butanol 928-51-8 C4H9ClO
4-Fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline 4-Fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline 2357-47-3 C7H5F4N
Methyl 5-chloroanthranilate Methyl 5-chloroanthranilate 5202-89-1 C8H8ClNO2
Ethyl 4-bromophenylacetate Ethyl 4-bromophenylacetate 14062-25-0 C10H11BrO2
4,4'-Diaminodicyclohexyl methane 4,4'-Diaminodicyclohexyl methane 1761-71-3 C13H26N2
4-Methoxyphenylacetic acid 4-Methoxyphenylacetic acid 104-01-8 C9H10O3
3-Chlorobenzyl cyanide 3-Chlorobenzyl cyanide 1529-41-5 C8H6ClN
Ethylparaben Ethylparaben 120-47-8 C9H10O3
2-ACETYLBENZENECARBONITRILE 2-ACETYLBENZENECARBONITRILE 91054-33-0 C9H7NO
5-Nitrosalicylic acid 5-Nitrosalicylic acid 96-97-9 C7H5NO5
D-3-Bromocamphor-8-sulfonic acid ammonium salt D-3-Bromocamphor-8-sulfonic acid ammonium salt 14575-84-9 C10H18BrNO4S
3-BROMO-4-CHLORO-BENZALDEHYDE 3-BROMO-4-CHLORO-BENZALDEHYDE 86265-88-5 C7H4BrClO
4-Chlorobutyryl chloride 4-Chlorobutyryl chloride 4635-59-0 C4H6Cl2O
9-Anthraceneboronic acid 9-Anthraceneboronic acid 100622-34-2 C14H11BO2
2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate 6226-25-1 C3H2F6O3S
1,2-Dimethoxybenzene 1,2-Dimethoxybenzene 91-16-7 C8H10O2
Benzyltrimethylammonium chloride Benzyltrimethylammonium chloride 56-93-9 C10H16ClN
2,5-Dimethylbenzoic acid 2,5-Dimethylbenzoic acid 610-72-0 C9H10O2
4'-Fluoro-2'-hydroxyacetophenone 4'-Fluoro-2'-hydroxyacetophenone 1481-27-2 C8H7FO2
Phenyl vinyl sulfone Phenyl vinyl sulfone 5535-48-8 C8H8O2S
Cyclen Cyclen 294-90-6 C8H20N4
5-Bromofuroic acid 5-Bromofuroic acid 585-70-6 C5H3BrO3
7-Methoxy-1-tetralone 7-Methoxy-1-tetralone 6836-19-7 C11H12O2
α-Lipoic Acid α-Lipoic Acid 1077-28-7 C8H14O2S2
(S)-(-)-2,2'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl (S)-(-)-2,2'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl 76189-56-5 C44H32P2
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