Organic reagents

From early AD to mid-19 century, people mainly use the natural organic substance (such as animal and plant extracts) for qualitative analysis or quantitative analysis. From the second half of the 19th century to the 1920s, it had begun to appear of artificially synthetic organic reagent such as using potassium acetate xanthan for test of nickel, copper, and molybdenum; using morin for test of aluminum; using diazo coupling reaction for the detection of Nitrite; using α-β-nitroso naphthol for detection of cobalt; using dimethyglyoxime for nickel test.

After the proposal of the special-effects group in the 1930s and the proposal of theoretical analysis of functional groups theory in 1950s, people had carried out large-scale screen of organic reagents in search of special-effects analysis groups for different ions and had successfully synthesized a lot of agents of practical value (such as copper reagents, new copper agent, cadmium reagents, beryllium reagent, thorium reagents, etc.). Before the 1950s, the complex compound, in analytic chemistry, is mainly used in the aspects of the precipitation reaction of a binary chelate for the qualitative detection, precipitate isolation and gravimetric separation and other aspects. In the early 1950s and 1960, it is mainly in the form of complexometric titration. From the beginning of the late 1960s, the main focus has been moved to the photometric analysis. Meanwhile, it has been also developed of chelate organic solvent extraction.

8-hydroxy quinoline, hydrazones, oximes, hydroxamic acids, polyphenols, 1, 10-phenanthroline, phosphorus-oxygen extractant, β- diketones, triphenylmethane acid dye, xanthene dyes and azo dyes and other agents has all been widely studied and applied. On the other hand, the structural theoretical research (such as electronic effects, spatial effects and substituent effects) of the organic reagent can further facilitate the development of new-type organic reagents such as heterocyclic azo reagent. During this period, it has been also developed of monoazo chromotropic acid-type and disazo chromotropic acid-type reagent. During the mid-1970s, the chelating resin and adsorbents have achieved rapid development. Since the 1980s, Chinese researchers of analytical chemistry have made progress in the field of the synthesis and application of asymmetric disazo chromotropic acid.

Organic chemical reagents have wide application in analytic chemistry and are mainly used in solvents, precipitation agents, complexing agents, indicator, coloring reagent and surface active agent, etc. In order to adapt to a variety of analytical needs, sometimes it is required to purify certain reagents. For example, liquid organic reagent is often purified by distillation while solid substance is often purified through crystallization and sublimation. Substance having a high vapor pressure, namely having low purification boiling point and undergoing no decomposition under boiling temperature commonly applied atmospheric distillation; for less volatile and water-insoluble substance, namely having high purification point or undergoing decomposition under boiling temperature, we can apply vacuum distillation or steam distillation for purification of it.

Distillation is a commonly used method for laboratory purification of organic reagent. Conventional distillation apparatus generally comprises distiller, condenser and receiver, three parts with auxiliary section also containing heater, a thermometer, a wetted tube and cork.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
1-(2-NITROPHENYL)-2-THIOUREA 1-(2-NITROPHENYL)-2-THIOUREA 51039-84-0 C7H7N3O2S
2-Cyanophenylboronic acid 2-Cyanophenylboronic acid 138642-62-3 C7H6BNO2
2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate 868-77-9 C6H10O3
[2.2]Paracyclophane [2.2]Paracyclophane 1633-22-3 C16H16
Acetyl bromide Acetyl bromide 506-96-7 C2H3BrO
2-Naphthaldehyde 2-Naphthaldehyde 66-99-9 C11H8O
2-AMINOISOPHTHALIC ACID 2-AMINOISOPHTHALIC ACID 39622-79-2 C8H7NO4
Hexamethyldisilane Hexamethyldisilane 1450-14-2 C6H18Si2
Diethyl oxalacetate sodium salt Diethyl oxalacetate sodium salt 40876-98-0 C8H11NaO5
2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid 89-86-1 C7H6O4
4-Benzyloxybenzeneboronic acid 4-Benzyloxybenzeneboronic acid 146631-00-7 C13H13BO3
9-Bromo-1-nonanol 9-Bromo-1-nonanol 55362-80-6 C9H19BrO
3-BENZOYLPROPIONIC ACID 3-BENZOYLPROPIONIC ACID 2051-95-8 C10H10O3
1,4-dibromonaphthalene 1,4-dibromonaphthalene 83-53-4 C10H6Br2
Methyl cyclopropane carboxylate Methyl cyclopropane carboxylate 2868-37-3 C5H8O2
Bromoacetaldehyde diethyl acetal Bromoacetaldehyde diethyl acetal 2032-35-1 C6H13BrO2
5-METHYLTHIO-1,3,4-THIADIAZOLE-2-THIOL 5-METHYLTHIO-1,3,4-THIADIAZOLE-2-THIOL 6264-40-0 C3H4N2S3
18-Crown-6 18-Crown-6 17455-13-9 C12H24O6
4-Bromophenyl methyl sulfone 4-Bromophenyl methyl sulfone 3466-32-8 C7H7BrO2S
1-(4-ACETYLPHENYL)-2-THIOUREA 1-(4-ACETYLPHENYL)-2-THIOUREA 71680-92-7 C9H10N2OS
Ethyl 4-[[(methylphenylamino)methylene]amino]benzoate Ethyl 4-[[(methylphenylamino)methylene]amino]benzoate 57834-33-0 C17H18N2O2
N,N'-Diisopropylcarbodiimide N,N'-Diisopropylcarbodiimide 693-13-0 C7H14N2
2-Amino-5-nitrobenzoic acid 2-Amino-5-nitrobenzoic acid 616-79-5 C7H6N2O4
Bis(pinacolato)diboron Bis(pinacolato)diboron 73183-34-3 C12H24B2O4
Ethyl 2-chloronicotinate Ethyl 2-chloronicotinate 1452-94-4 C8H8ClNO2
N,O-BIS(TRIFLUOROACETYL)HYDROXYLAMINE N,O-BIS(TRIFLUOROACETYL)HYDROXYLAMINE 684-78-6 C4HF6NO3
Benzyltriethylammonium bromide Benzyltriethylammonium bromide 5197-95-5 C13H22BrN
4-Fluorophenethyl alcohol 4-Fluorophenethyl alcohol 7589-27-7 C8H9FO
4,4'-Methylenebis(N,N-dimethylaniline) 4,4'-Methylenebis(N,N-dimethylaniline) 101-61-1 C17H22N2
1-OXO-2,3-DIHYDRO-1H-INDENE-5-CARBONITRILE 1-OXO-2,3-DIHYDRO-1H-INDENE-5-CARBONITRILE 25724-79-2 C10H7NO
4-Methylsulphonylbenzoic acid 4-Methylsulphonylbenzoic acid 4052-30-6 C8H8O4S
3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid 621-37-4 C8H8O3
Sodium xylenesulfonate Sodium xylenesulfonate 1300-72-7 C8H9NaO3S
2-Fluoro-5-methylbenzaldehyde 2-Fluoro-5-methylbenzaldehyde 93249-44-6 C8H7FO
Coumarin 120 Coumarin 120 26093-31-2 C10H9NO2
Tetrapropylammonium bromide Tetrapropylammonium bromide 1941-30-6 C12H28BrN
N-Cyclohexyltaurine N-Cyclohexyltaurine 103-47-9 C8H17NO3S
(4-CHLORO-BENZYL)-METHYL-AMINE (4-CHLORO-BENZYL)-METHYL-AMINE 104-11-0 C8H10ClN
2,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid 2,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid 91-52-1 C9H10O4
4-Iodobenzoic acid 4-Iodobenzoic acid 619-58-9 C7H5IO2
Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene 14630-40-1 C8H18Si2
Ammonium 2-hydroxyethanesulphonate Ammonium 2-hydroxyethanesulphonate 57267-78-4 C2H9NO4S
3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYPHENYLBORONIC ACID 3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYPHENYLBORONIC ACID 94839-07-3 C7H7BO4
Trisodium naphthalene-1,3,6-trisulphonate Trisodium naphthalene-1,3,6-trisulphonate 5182-30-9 C10H5Na3O9S3
1,5,7-Triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene 1,5,7-Triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene 5807-14-7 C7H13N3
2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone 2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone 89-84-9 C8H8O3
4-Bromo-2-chlorobenzoic acid 4-Bromo-2-chlorobenzoic acid 59748-90-2 C7H4BrClO2
3-Bromo-2-methylbenzoic acid 3-Bromo-2-methylbenzoic acid 76006-33-2 C8H7BrO2
2-Hydroxyphenylboronic acid 2-Hydroxyphenylboronic acid 89466-08-0 C6H7BO3
5-Hydroxyisophthalic acid 5-Hydroxyisophthalic acid 618-83-7 C8H6O5
2-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid 2-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid 614-75-5 C8H8O3
2-Bromo-2',4'-dichloroacetophenone 2-Bromo-2',4'-dichloroacetophenone 2631-72-3 C8H5BrCl2O
2,4-Dichlorophenol 2,4-Dichlorophenol 120-83-2 C6H4Cl2O
1-(4-HYDROXYPHENYL)-2-THIOUREA 1-(4-HYDROXYPHENYL)-2-THIOUREA 1520-27-0 C7H8N2OS
3-Cyanobenzoic acid 3-Cyanobenzoic acid 1877-72-1 C8H5NO2
3-Bromophenylboronic acid 3-Bromophenylboronic acid 89598-96-9 C6H6BBrO2
5-Fluoro-2-methylphenylboronic acid 5-Fluoro-2-methylphenylboronic acid 163517-62-2 C7H8BFO2
2-Chloro-5-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde 2-Chloro-5-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde 82386-89-8 C8H4ClF3O
3,5-Dichlorobenzoic acid 3,5-Dichlorobenzoic acid 51-36-5 C7H4Cl2O2
tert-Butyldimethylsilyl chloride tert-Butyldimethylsilyl chloride 18162-48-6 C6H15ClSi
3-Methylanthranilic acid 3-Methylanthranilic acid 4389-45-1 C8H9NO2
3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde 86-81-7 C10H12O4
Dimethyl malonate Dimethyl malonate 108-59-8 C5H8O4
2-Bromo-3-nitrobenzoic acid 2-Bromo-3-nitrobenzoic acid 573-54-6 C7H4BrNO4
2,6-Dichlorobenzyl acetonitrile 2,6-Dichlorobenzyl acetonitrile 3215-64-3 C8H5Cl2N
Methyltriethoxysilane Methyltriethoxysilane 2031-67-6 C7H18O3Si
2-Bromoethanol 2-Bromoethanol 540-51-2 C2H5BrO
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 88-06-2 C6H3Cl3O
1,2-Benzisoxazole-3-methanesulfonic acid sodium salt 1,2-Benzisoxazole-3-methanesulfonic acid sodium salt 73101-64-1 C8H8NNaO4S
Zinc benzenesulfinate dihydrate Zinc benzenesulfinate dihydrate 24308-84-7 C12H14O6S2Zn
Aminoguanidine bicarbonate Aminoguanidine bicarbonate 2582-30-1 C2H8N4O3
3-(Methylthio)phenylboronic acid 3-(Methylthio)phenylboronic acid 128312-11-8 C7H9BO2S
2,4,6-Trichlorobenzoyl chloride 2,4,6-Trichlorobenzoyl chloride 4136-95-2 C7H2Cl4O
3-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PHENYLTHIOUREA 3-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PHENYLTHIOUREA 1736-70-5 C8H7F3N2S
Adipic dihydrazide Adipic dihydrazide 1071-93-8 C6H14N4O2
3-Chloroanisole 3-Chloroanisole 2845-89-8 C7H7ClO
3-Aminoacetophenone 3-Aminoacetophenone 99-03-6 C8H9NO
11-Bromo-1-undecanol 11-Bromo-1-undecanol 1611-56-9 C11H23BrO
m-Phthalaldehyde m-Phthalaldehyde 626-19-7 C8H6O2
(4-FLUORO-BENZYL)-METHYL-AMINE (4-FLUORO-BENZYL)-METHYL-AMINE 405-66-3 C8H10FN
m-Anisidine m-Anisidine 536-90-3 C7H9NO
3-Hydroxyphenylboronic acid 3-Hydroxyphenylboronic acid 87199-18-6 C6H7BO3
3-Methoxyphenylboronic acid 3-Methoxyphenylboronic acid 10365-98-7 C7H9BO3
(4-BOC-AMINOPHENYL)BORONIC ACID (4-BOC-AMINOPHENYL)BORONIC ACID 380430-49-9 C11H16BNO4
4,4-Difluorocyclohexanecarboxylic acid 4,4-Difluorocyclohexanecarboxylic acid 122665-97-8 C7H10F2O2
POLYANETHOLESULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT POLYANETHOLESULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT 52993-95-0 C6H12Na2O6S4
1,4,7-Triazacyclononane 1,4,7-Triazacyclononane 4730-54-5 C6H15N3
2,4'-Dibromoacetophenone 2,4'-Dibromoacetophenone 99-73-0 C8H6Br2O
N-Hydroxyethylphthalimide N-Hydroxyethylphthalimide 3891-07-4 C10H9NO3
2-Bromo-6-methoxynaphthalene 2-Bromo-6-methoxynaphthalene 5111-65-9 C11H9BrO
p-Nitrobenzoic acid p-Nitrobenzoic acid 62-23-7 C7H5NO4
3,5-Dibromobenzaldehyde 3,5-Dibromobenzaldehyde 56990-02-4 C7H4Br2O
3-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid 3-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid 937-14-4 C7H5ClO3
3,5-Di-tert-butylsalicylaldehyde 3,5-Di-tert-butylsalicylaldehyde 37942-07-7 C15H22O2
1-Bromo-4-ethoxy-2,3-difluorobenzene 1-Bromo-4-ethoxy-2,3-difluorobenzene 156573-09-0 C8H7BrF2O
4-Pyridineboronic acid pinacol ester 4-Pyridineboronic acid pinacol ester 181219-01-2 C11H16BNO2
4-Trifluoromethoxyphenylboronic acid 4-Trifluoromethoxyphenylboronic acid 139301-27-2 C7H6BF3O3
3-CYANOBENZYL ALCOHOL 3-CYANOBENZYL ALCOHOL 874-97-5 C8H7NO
3-Ethoxycarbonylphenylboronic acid 3-Ethoxycarbonylphenylboronic acid 4334-87-6 C9H11BO4
5-Chlorothiophene-2-sulfonyl chloride 5-Chlorothiophene-2-sulfonyl chloride 2766-74-7 C4H2Cl2O2S2
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