Organic reagents

From early AD to mid-19 century, people mainly use the natural organic substance (such as animal and plant extracts) for qualitative analysis or quantitative analysis. From the second half of the 19th century to the 1920s, it had begun to appear of artificially synthetic organic reagent such as using potassium acetate xanthan for test of nickel, copper, and molybdenum; using morin for test of aluminum; using diazo coupling reaction for the detection of Nitrite; using α-β-nitroso naphthol for detection of cobalt; using dimethyglyoxime for nickel test.

After the proposal of the special-effects group in the 1930s and the proposal of theoretical analysis of functional groups theory in 1950s, people had carried out large-scale screen of organic reagents in search of special-effects analysis groups for different ions and had successfully synthesized a lot of agents of practical value (such as copper reagents, new copper agent, cadmium reagents, beryllium reagent, thorium reagents, etc.). Before the 1950s, the complex compound, in analytic chemistry, is mainly used in the aspects of the precipitation reaction of a binary chelate for the qualitative detection, precipitate isolation and gravimetric separation and other aspects. In the early 1950s and 1960, it is mainly in the form of complexometric titration. From the beginning of the late 1960s, the main focus has been moved to the photometric analysis. Meanwhile, it has been also developed of chelate organic solvent extraction.

8-hydroxy quinoline, hydrazones, oximes, hydroxamic acids, polyphenols, 1, 10-phenanthroline, phosphorus-oxygen extractant, β- diketones, triphenylmethane acid dye, xanthene dyes and azo dyes and other agents has all been widely studied and applied. On the other hand, the structural theoretical research (such as electronic effects, spatial effects and substituent effects) of the organic reagent can further facilitate the development of new-type organic reagents such as heterocyclic azo reagent. During this period, it has been also developed of monoazo chromotropic acid-type and disazo chromotropic acid-type reagent. During the mid-1970s, the chelating resin and adsorbents have achieved rapid development. Since the 1980s, Chinese researchers of analytical chemistry have made progress in the field of the synthesis and application of asymmetric disazo chromotropic acid.

Organic chemical reagents have wide application in analytic chemistry and are mainly used in solvents, precipitation agents, complexing agents, indicator, coloring reagent and surface active agent, etc. In order to adapt to a variety of analytical needs, sometimes it is required to purify certain reagents. For example, liquid organic reagent is often purified by distillation while solid substance is often purified through crystallization and sublimation. Substance having a high vapor pressure, namely having low purification boiling point and undergoing no decomposition under boiling temperature commonly applied atmospheric distillation; for less volatile and water-insoluble substance, namely having high purification point or undergoing decomposition under boiling temperature, we can apply vacuum distillation or steam distillation for purification of it.

Distillation is a commonly used method for laboratory purification of organic reagent. Conventional distillation apparatus generally comprises distiller, condenser and receiver, three parts with auxiliary section also containing heater, a thermometer, a wetted tube and cork.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
2-Chloropyridine-5-boronic acid 2-Chloropyridine-5-boronic acid 444120-91-6 C5H5BClNO2
4-Methoxybenzyl cyanide 4-Methoxybenzyl cyanide 104-47-2 C9H9NO
Guanidine carbonate Guanidine carbonate 593-85-1 C2H7N3O3
Heptadecafluorooctanesulfonic acid tetraethylammonium salt Heptadecafluorooctanesulfonic acid tetraethylammonium salt 56773-42-3 C16H20F17NO3S
Ethyl nitroacetate Ethyl nitroacetate 626-35-7 C4H7NO4
3-Acetylphenylboronic acid 3-Acetylphenylboronic acid 204841-19-0 C8H9BO3
Vinyltrimethoxysilane Vinyltrimethoxysilane 2768-02-7 C5H12O3Si
3,5-Dichlorophenylboronic acid 3,5-Dichlorophenylboronic acid 67492-50-6 C6H5BCl2O2
Di-tert-Butyl malonate Di-tert-Butyl malonate 541-16-2 C11H20O4
2,6-Dimethylphenylboronic acid 2,6-Dimethylphenylboronic acid 100379-00-8 C8H11BO2
Methylglyoxal Methylglyoxal 78-98-8 C3H4O2
2-BROMO-5-(TRIFLUOROMETHOXY)ANILINE 2-BROMO-5-(TRIFLUOROMETHOXY)ANILINE 887267-47-2 C7H5BrF3NO
1-(2,6-DIMETHYLPHENYL)-2-THIOUREA 1-(2,6-DIMETHYLPHENYL)-2-THIOUREA 6396-76-5 C9H12N2S
4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-benzenecarbonitrile 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-benzenecarbonitrile 4198-90-7 C9H9NO
2,6-Dichloronicotinic acid 2,6-Dichloronicotinic acid 38496-18-3 C6H3Cl2NO2
Triethoxyvinylsilane Triethoxyvinylsilane 78-08-0 C8H18O3Si
4-(Dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde 4-(Dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde 6203-18-5 C11H13NO
Methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide Methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide 1779-49-3 C19H18BrP
3-(N-Boc-aminomethyl)azetidine 3-(N-Boc-aminomethyl)azetidine 91188-15-7 C9H18N2O2
4-Benzoylbiphenyl 4-Benzoylbiphenyl 2128-93-0 C19H14O
Ethylboronic acid Ethylboronic acid 4433-63-0 C2H7BO2
4-(Trifluoromethoxy)benzaldehyde 4-(Trifluoromethoxy)benzaldehyde 659-28-9 C8H5F3O2
5-Fluoro-2-methylbenzoic acid 5-Fluoro-2-methylbenzoic acid 33184-16-6 C8H7FO2
(R)-3,3-Diphenyl-1-methylpyrrolidino[1,2-c]-1,3,2-oxazaborole (R)-3,3-Diphenyl-1-methylpyrrolidino[1,2-c]-1,3,2-oxazaborole 112022-83-0 C18H20BNO
2-Aminobenzonitrile 2-Aminobenzonitrile 1885-29-6 C7H6N2
Methyl 2-bromopropionate Methyl 2-bromopropionate 5445-17-0 C4H7BrO2
3-Methoxybenzenethiol 3-Methoxybenzenethiol 15570-12-4 C7H8OS
Ethyl 4-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate Ethyl 4-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate 17159-79-4 C9H14O3
2-Fluoro-5-nitrotoluene 2-Fluoro-5-nitrotoluene 455-88-9 C7H6FNO2
4-Chlorosalicylic acid 4-Chlorosalicylic acid 5106-98-9 C7H5ClO3
3-Hydroxypropionitrile 3-Hydroxypropionitrile 109-78-4 C3H5NO
Semixylenol orange Semixylenol orange 19329-67-0 C26H25NO9S
1,3-DICHLORO-1,1,3,3-TETRAISOPROPYLDISILOXANE 1,3-DICHLORO-1,1,3,3-TETRAISOPROPYLDISILOXANE 69304-37-6 C12H28Cl2OSi2
Myristic acid Myristic acid 544-63-8 C14H28O2
Diethyl squarate Diethyl squarate 5231-87-8 C8H10O4
3-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzonitrile 3-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzonitrile 129604-26-8 C8H3ClF3NO
3-Methoxybenzonitrile 3-Methoxybenzonitrile 1527-89-5 C8H7NO
TRIS(PENTAFLUOROPHENYL)BORANE TRIS(PENTAFLUOROPHENYL)BORANE 1109-15-5 C18BF15
2-Bromo-4'-methylacetophenone 2-Bromo-4'-methylacetophenone 619-41-0 C9H9BrO
Ethyl 4-methylbenzoate Ethyl 4-methylbenzoate 94-08-6 C10H12O2
Tranexamic Acid Tranexamic Acid 1197-18-8 C8H15NO2
o-Anisoyl chloride o-Anisoyl chloride 21615-34-9 C8H7ClO2
4-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZAMIDOXIME 4-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZAMIDOXIME 22179-86-8 C8H7F3N2O
Trimethyl borate Trimethyl borate 121-43-7 C3H9BO3
Benzoylformic acid Benzoylformic acid 611-73-4 C8H6O3
2-Iodobenzoic acid 2-Iodobenzoic acid 88-67-5 C7H5IO2
3-Cyanobenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride 3-Cyanobenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride 56542-67-7 C7H4ClNO2S
Biphenyl-3-boronic acid Biphenyl-3-boronic acid 5122-95-2 C12H11BO2
Synephrine Synephrine 94-07-5 C9H13NO2
m-Tolunitrile m-Tolunitrile 620-22-4 C8H7N
Ethyl 4,4,4-trifluoroacetoacetate Ethyl 4,4,4-trifluoroacetoacetate 372-31-6 C6H7F3O3
Methyl vanillate Methyl vanillate 3943-74-6 C9H10O4
L(+)-Lactic acid L(+)-Lactic acid 79-33-4 C3H6O3
1,3-Dibromo-2,2-dimethoxypropane 1,3-Dibromo-2,2-dimethoxypropane 22094-18-4 C5H10Br2O2
Dibenzo-18-crown-6 Dibenzo-18-crown-6 14187-32-7 C20H24O6
tert-Butyl acetoacetate tert-Butyl acetoacetate 1694-31-1 C8H14O3
3-Bromobenzoic acid 3-Bromobenzoic acid 585-76-2 C7H5BrO2
4-CHLORO-2-METHYLBENZOIC ACID 4-CHLORO-2-METHYLBENZOIC ACID 7499-07-2 C8H7ClO2
Sodium decane-1-sulfonate Sodium decane-1-sulfonate 13419-61-9 C10H21NaO3S
4-Amino-3-nitrophenol 4-Amino-3-nitrophenol 610-81-1 C6H6N2O3
3-Hydroxyazetidine hydrochloride 3-Hydroxyazetidine hydrochloride 18621-18-6 C3H8ClNO
(3S,4R)-4-Acetoxy-3-[(R)-1-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]azetidin-2-one (3S,4R)-4-Acetoxy-3-[(R)-1-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]azetidin-2-one 76855-69-1 C13H25NO4Si
3,5-Dihydroxybenzyl alcohol 3,5-Dihydroxybenzyl alcohol 29654-55-5 C7H8O3
4-Fluorophenylacetone 4-Fluorophenylacetone 459-03-0 C9H9FO
2-Chlorobenzyl alcohol 2-Chlorobenzyl alcohol 17849-38-6 C7H7ClO
3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)propionic acid 3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)propionic acid 1929-29-9 C10H12O3
2,4,6-Trimethylbenzoic acid 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzoic acid 480-63-7 C10H12O2
2-Furanboronic acid 2-Furanboronic acid 13331-23-2 C4H5BO3
Guanidine thiocyanate Guanidine thiocyanate 593-84-0 CH5N3.CHNS
Iodotrimethylsilane Iodotrimethylsilane 16029-98-4 C3H9ISi
Chlorodimethylphenylsilane Chlorodimethylphenylsilane 768-33-2 C8H11ClSi
2-Chloro-4-pyridylboronic acid 2-Chloro-4-pyridylboronic acid 458532-96-2 C5H5BClNO2
beta-Tetralone beta-Tetralone 530-93-8 C10H10O
2,3-Dimethylbenzaldehyde 2,3-Dimethylbenzaldehyde 5779-93-1 C9H10O
POTASSIUM INDIGOTRISULFONATE POTASSIUM INDIGOTRISULFONATE 67627-18-3 C16H7K3N2O11S3
2-Bromo-5-chlorobenzaldehyde 2-Bromo-5-chlorobenzaldehyde 174265-12-4 C7H4BrClO
N-Benzylhydroxylamine hydrochloride N-Benzylhydroxylamine hydrochloride 29601-98-7 C7H10ClNO
Phloroglucinol Phloroglucinol 108-73-6 C6H6O3
Ethyl propionylacetate Ethyl propionylacetate 4949-44-4 C7H12O3
2,2-Dimethylbutyric acid 2,2-Dimethylbutyric acid 595-37-9 C6H12O2
Potassium nonafluoro-1-butanesulfonate Potassium nonafluoro-1-butanesulfonate 29420-49-3 C4F9KO3S
Tetrabutylammonium tribromide Tetrabutylammonium tribromide 38932-80-8 C16H36Br3N-2
2-Amino-3,5-dibromobenzaldehyde 2-Amino-3,5-dibromobenzaldehyde 50910-55-9 C7H5Br2NO
3-Iodobenzaldehyde 3-Iodobenzaldehyde 696-41-3 C7H5IO
Ethyl carbazate Ethyl carbazate 4114-31-2 C3H8N2O2
4-Tolylboronic acid 4-Tolylboronic acid 5720-05-8 C7H9BO2
3,5-Dichlorophenol 3,5-Dichlorophenol 591-35-5 C6H4Cl2O
Isovanillin Isovanillin 621-59-0 C8H8O3
4-Bromobutyric acid 4-Bromobutyric acid 2623-87-2 C4H7BrO2
Ethyl vinyl ether Ethyl vinyl ether 109-92-2 C4H8O
Methacryloyl chloride Methacryloyl chloride 920-46-7 C4H5ClO
4-Isopropylbenzeneboronic acid 4-Isopropylbenzeneboronic acid 16152-51-5 C9H13BO2
Potassium ethylxanthate Potassium ethylxanthate 140-89-6 C3H5KOS2
1-Adamantaneacetic acid 1-Adamantaneacetic acid 4942-47-6 C12H18O2
3-Amino-4-methylbenzoic acid 3-Amino-4-methylbenzoic acid 2458-12-0 C8H9NO2
Methyl trifluoroacetate Methyl trifluoroacetate 431-47-0 C3H3F3O2
2-PhenylethylaMine 2-PhenylethylaMine 64-04-0 C8H11N
Ethyl 3,3-dimethylacrylate Ethyl 3,3-dimethylacrylate 638-10-8 C7H12O2
2-Fluoro-4-methylbenzoic acid 2-Fluoro-4-methylbenzoic acid 7697-23-6 C8H7FO2
3-BROMO-4-HYDROXYBENZALDEHYDE 3-BROMO-4-HYDROXYBENZALDEHYDE 2973-78-6 C7H5BrO2
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