Organic reagents

From early AD to mid-19 century, people mainly use the natural organic substance (such as animal and plant extracts) for qualitative analysis or quantitative analysis. From the second half of the 19th century to the 1920s, it had begun to appear of artificially synthetic organic reagent such as using potassium acetate xanthan for test of nickel, copper, and molybdenum; using morin for test of aluminum; using diazo coupling reaction for the detection of Nitrite; using α-β-nitroso naphthol for detection of cobalt; using dimethyglyoxime for nickel test.

After the proposal of the special-effects group in the 1930s and the proposal of theoretical analysis of functional groups theory in 1950s, people had carried out large-scale screen of organic reagents in search of special-effects analysis groups for different ions and had successfully synthesized a lot of agents of practical value (such as copper reagents, new copper agent, cadmium reagents, beryllium reagent, thorium reagents, etc.). Before the 1950s, the complex compound, in analytic chemistry, is mainly used in the aspects of the precipitation reaction of a binary chelate for the qualitative detection, precipitate isolation and gravimetric separation and other aspects. In the early 1950s and 1960, it is mainly in the form of complexometric titration. From the beginning of the late 1960s, the main focus has been moved to the photometric analysis. Meanwhile, it has been also developed of chelate organic solvent extraction.

8-hydroxy quinoline, hydrazones, oximes, hydroxamic acids, polyphenols, 1, 10-phenanthroline, phosphorus-oxygen extractant, β- diketones, triphenylmethane acid dye, xanthene dyes and azo dyes and other agents has all been widely studied and applied. On the other hand, the structural theoretical research (such as electronic effects, spatial effects and substituent effects) of the organic reagent can further facilitate the development of new-type organic reagents such as heterocyclic azo reagent. During this period, it has been also developed of monoazo chromotropic acid-type and disazo chromotropic acid-type reagent. During the mid-1970s, the chelating resin and adsorbents have achieved rapid development. Since the 1980s, Chinese researchers of analytical chemistry have made progress in the field of the synthesis and application of asymmetric disazo chromotropic acid.

Organic chemical reagents have wide application in analytic chemistry and are mainly used in solvents, precipitation agents, complexing agents, indicator, coloring reagent and surface active agent, etc. In order to adapt to a variety of analytical needs, sometimes it is required to purify certain reagents. For example, liquid organic reagent is often purified by distillation while solid substance is often purified through crystallization and sublimation. Substance having a high vapor pressure, namely having low purification boiling point and undergoing no decomposition under boiling temperature commonly applied atmospheric distillation; for less volatile and water-insoluble substance, namely having high purification point or undergoing decomposition under boiling temperature, we can apply vacuum distillation or steam distillation for purification of it.

Distillation is a commonly used method for laboratory purification of organic reagent. Conventional distillation apparatus generally comprises distiller, condenser and receiver, three parts with auxiliary section also containing heater, a thermometer, a wetted tube and cork.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
Diisopropyl malonate Diisopropyl malonate 13195-64-7 C9H16O4
2-Bromomethylphenylboronic acid 2-Bromomethylphenylboronic acid 91983-14-1 C7H8BBrO2
2-Bromo-3-nitrotoluene 2-Bromo-3-nitrotoluene 41085-43-2 C7H6BrNO2
Salicylaldoxime Salicylaldoxime 94-67-7 C7H7NO2
TRIMETHYLENE DI(THIOTOSYLATE) TRIMETHYLENE DI(THIOTOSYLATE) 3866-79-3 C17H20O4S4
4-(4-Nitrophenyl)azoresorcinol 4-(4-Nitrophenyl)azoresorcinol 74-39-5 C12H9N3O4
Ethyl Succinyl Chloride Ethyl Succinyl Chloride 14794-31-1 C6H9ClO3
4-ISOPROPYL-3-THIOSEMICARBAZIDE 4-ISOPROPYL-3-THIOSEMICARBAZIDE 13431-36-2 C4H11N3S
5-Indoleboronic acid pinacol ester 5-Indoleboronic acid pinacol ester 269410-24-4 C14H18BNO2
Tetrabutylammonium phosphate Tetrabutylammonium phosphate 5574-97-0 C16H38NO4P
4-PYRIDYLTHIOUREA 4-PYRIDYLTHIOUREA 164670-44-4 C6H7N3S
2-Amino-4-phenylbutane 2-Amino-4-phenylbutane 22374-89-6 C10H15N
2,4-Dichlorophenylacetonitrile 2,4-Dichlorophenylacetonitrile 6306-60-1 C8H5Cl2N
4-Nitroanisole 4-Nitroanisole 100-17-4 C7H7NO3
3,4,7,8-Tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline 3,4,7,8-Tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline 1660-93-1 C16H16N2
METHYL OXALYL CHLORIDE METHYL OXALYL CHLORIDE 5781-53-3 C3H3ClO3
3,5-DICHLOROPHENYLTHIOUREA 3,5-DICHLOROPHENYLTHIOUREA 107707-33-5 C7H6Cl2N2S
Benzofuran-2-boronic acid Benzofuran-2-boronic acid 98437-24-2 C8H7BO3
2',5'-Difluoroacetophenone 2',5'-Difluoroacetophenone 1979-36-8 C8H6F2O
Fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I Fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I 3326-32-7 C21H11NO5S
7-FLUOROBENZO-2-OXA-1,3-DIAZOLE-4-SULFONIC ACID AMMONIUM SALT 7-FLUOROBENZO-2-OXA-1,3-DIAZOLE-4-SULFONIC ACID AMMONIUM SALT 84806-27-9 C6H6FN3O4S
4-[3,5-BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PHENYL]-3-THIOSEMICARBAZIDE 4-[3,5-BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PHENYL]-3-THIOSEMICARBAZIDE 38901-31-4 C9H7F6N3S
Diphenylcarbamyl chloride Diphenylcarbamyl chloride 83-01-2 C13H10ClNO
4,4'-THIODIANILINE 4,4'-THIODIANILINE 139-65-1 C12H12N2S
D-CAMPHOR D-CAMPHOR 464-49-3 C10H16O
2-Fluoropropiophenone 2-Fluoropropiophenone 446-22-0 C9H9FO
1,4,5,8-Naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride 1,4,5,8-Naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride 81-30-1 C14H4O6
1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboximide 1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboximide 1444-94-6 C8H11NO2
4-Bromoresorcinol 4-Bromoresorcinol 6626-15-9 C6H5BrO2
2-IODOBENZOYL CHLORIDE 2-IODOBENZOYL CHLORIDE 609-67-6 C7H4ClIO
ETHYL PHENYL SULFIDE ETHYL PHENYL SULFIDE 622-38-8 C8H10S
3-Methylanisole 3-Methylanisole 100-84-5 C8H10O
FCCP FCCP 370-86-5 C10H5F3N4O
4-Bromophenoxybenzene 4-Bromophenoxybenzene 101-55-3 C12H9BrO
1-Butylpyridinium bromide 1-Butylpyridinium bromide 874-80-6 C9H14BrN
Oxobutanedioic acid Oxobutanedioic acid 328-42-7 C4H4O5
n-Butyl vinyl ether n-Butyl vinyl ether 111-34-2 C6H12O
2-PHENYL-2-PROPANOL 2-PHENYL-2-PROPANOL 617-94-7 C9H12O
Triethylborane Triethylborane 97-94-9 C6H15B
Tulipalin A Tulipalin A 547-65-9 C5H6O2
EUROPIUM TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONATE EUROPIUM TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONATE 52093-25-1 C3EuF9O9S3
4-Biphenylcarboxaldehyde 4-Biphenylcarboxaldehyde 3218-36-8 C13H10O
4-Ethylresorcinol 4-Ethylresorcinol 2896-60-8 C8H10O2
3-METHYL-1H-INDAZOLE 3-METHYL-1H-INDAZOLE 3176-62-3 C8H8N2
3-Fluorophthalic acid 3-Fluorophthalic acid 1583-67-1 C8H5FO4
1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione 1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione 579-07-7 C9H8O2
Methyl lactate Methyl lactate 547-64-8 C4H8O3
3,4,5,6-TETRAHYDRO-2-PYRIMIDINETHIOL 3,4,5,6-TETRAHYDRO-2-PYRIMIDINETHIOL 2055-46-1 C4H8N2S
1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol 85-85-8 C15H11N3O
Trimethoxypropylsilane Trimethoxypropylsilane 1067-25-0 C6H16O3Si
1-Octyn-3-ol 1-Octyn-3-ol 818-72-4 C8H14O
beta-Methyl vinyl phosphate (MAP) beta-Methyl vinyl phosphate (MAP) 90776-59-3 C29H27N2O10P
Isobutylbenzene Isobutylbenzene 538-93-2 C10H14
5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-2-naphthol 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-2-naphthol 1125-78-6 C10H12O
4-Isopropylphenol 4-Isopropylphenol 99-89-8 C9H12O
2-Acetamidophenol 2-Acetamidophenol 614-80-2 C8H9NO2
2'-BROMO-4'-FLUOROACETOPHENONE 2'-BROMO-4'-FLUOROACETOPHENONE 1006-39-9 C8H6BrFO
8-Bromooctanoic acid 8-Bromooctanoic acid 17696-11-6 C8H15BrO2
Ethyl vinyl sulfone Ethyl vinyl sulfone 1889-59-4 C4H8O2S
Padimate Padimate 21245-01-2 C14H21NO2
Phenethyl isocyanate Phenethyl isocyanate 1943-82-4 C9H9NO
Lauric acid Lauric acid 143-07-7 C12H24O2
3-Aminobenzeneboronic acid hemisulfate salt 3-Aminobenzeneboronic acid hemisulfate salt 66472-86-4 C12H18B2N2O8S
4-Mercaptophenol 4-Mercaptophenol 637-89-8 C6H6OS
AMINOGUANIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE AMINOGUANIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE 16139-18-7 CH7ClN4
4-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)HYDROCINNAMIC ACID 4-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)HYDROCINNAMIC ACID 53473-36-2 C10H9F3O2
3-Bromopyruvic acid 3-Bromopyruvic acid 1113-59-3 C3H3BrO3
MTT MTT 2348-71-2 C18H16BrN5S
Phenylfluorone Phenylfluorone 975-17-7 C19H12O5
Methyl 3-iodobenzoate Methyl 3-iodobenzoate 618-91-7 C8H7IO2
(TRIISOPROPYLSILYL)ACETYLENE (TRIISOPROPYLSILYL)ACETYLENE 89343-06-6 C11H22Si
1-TERT-BUTYL-2-THIOUREA 1-TERT-BUTYL-2-THIOUREA 7204-48-0 C5H12N2S
N,N'-DI-N-PROPYLTHIOUREA N,N'-DI-N-PROPYLTHIOUREA 26536-60-7 C7H16N2S
TRIMETHYLSILYL METHANESULFONATE TRIMETHYLSILYL METHANESULFONATE 10090-05-8 C4H12O3SSi
4-Amino-3,5-dichloroacetophenone 4-Amino-3,5-dichloroacetophenone 37148-48-4 C8H7Cl2NO
3-ACETYLBENZONITRILE 3-ACETYLBENZONITRILE 6136-68-1 C9H7NO
2,3-DIHYDROBENZOFURAN-7-CARBOXYLIC ACID 2,3-DIHYDROBENZOFURAN-7-CARBOXYLIC ACID 35700-40-4 C9H8O3
2-Butene-1,4-diol 2-Butene-1,4-diol 6117-80-2 C4H8O2
4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenylhydrazine hydrochloride 4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenylhydrazine hydrochloride 2923-56-0 C7H8ClF3N2
N-PROPYLTHIOUREA N-PROPYLTHIOUREA 927-67-3 C4H10N2S
4-BROMO-2,2-DIPHENYLBUTYRONITRILE 4-BROMO-2,2-DIPHENYLBUTYRONITRILE 39186-58-8 C16H14BrN
2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethanol 2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethanol 7417-21-2 C10H14O3
2,2-Dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone 2,2-Dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone 24650-42-8 C16H16O3
4-Amino-2,5-dimethylphenol 4-Amino-2,5-dimethylphenol 3096-71-7 C8H11NO
N,N'-Dimethoxy-N,N'-dimethyloxamide N,N'-Dimethoxy-N,N'-dimethyloxamide 106675-70-1 C6H12N2O4
Octabenzone Octabenzone 1843-05-6 C21H26O3
SUDAN II SUDAN II 3118-97-6 C18H16N2O
Triphenylene Triphenylene 217-59-4 C18H12
(4,4,5,5-TETRAMETHYL-1,3,2-DIOXABOROLAN-2-YL)BENZENE (4,4,5,5-TETRAMETHYL-1,3,2-DIOXABOROLAN-2-YL)BENZENE 24388-23-6 C12H17BO2
Ethanesulfonyl chloride Ethanesulfonyl chloride 594-44-5 C2H5ClO2S
Acetoacetanilide Acetoacetanilide 102-01-2 C10H11NO2
3,5-DICHLOROSALICYLALDEHYDE 3,5-DICHLOROSALICYLALDEHYDE 90-60-8 C7H4Cl2O2
2-BROMOBENZYLAMINE 2-BROMOBENZYLAMINE 3959-05-5 C7H8BrN
3-Hydroxycinnamic acid 3-Hydroxycinnamic acid 14755-02-3 C9H8O3
Borane-pyridine complex Borane-pyridine complex 110-51-0 C5H8BN
(S)-(+)-1,1'-Bi-2-naphthyl ditosylate (S)-(+)-1,1'-Bi-2-naphthyl ditosylate 128544-06-9 C34H26O6S2
3-Aminobenzamide 3-Aminobenzamide 3544-24-9 C7H8N2O
4-(4,4,5,5-TETRAMETHYL-1,3,2-DIOXABOROLAN-2-YL)CHLOROBENZENE 4-(4,4,5,5-TETRAMETHYL-1,3,2-DIOXABOROLAN-2-YL)CHLOROBENZENE 195062-61-4 C12H16BClO2
Diethyl 2,5-dibromohexanedioate Diethyl 2,5-dibromohexanedioate 869-10-3 C10H16Br2O4
N,N-Diethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine N,N-Diethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine 93-05-0 C10H16N2
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