Analytical Chemistry

Analytical chemistry is the subject for the method and basic principle of studying and identifying of the composition, status, structure of matter as well as determination of related content. It is an important branch of chemistry subject. Analytical chemistry plays an important role in not only its own development but also in various fields related to the chemistry. We can say that all the practice of any human activity involving chemical phenomena is inseparable from analytical chemistry. Now, people have developed various kinds of different analytical methods, which can be classified based on an analysis task, analysis object, the basis of the analysis, requirement of the analysis and sample dosage.

According to the analysis tasks, it can be divided into qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis and structural analysis. Task of qualitative analysis is to identify the elements, radicals, functional groups or compounds that constituting the substances; the task of the quantitative analysis is to determine the content of the related components in the sample; the task of structural analysis is to study the molecular structure or crystal structure of the material.

(1) According to the analysis objects, it can be divided into organic and inorganic analysis; the object for the inorganic analysis is inorganic substance; the object of organic analysis is organic substance. In the inorganic analysis, it is generally required to determine what elements, ions, radicals or compounds that constitutes the sample and measure the percentage of each component; and sometimes it is also necessary for determination of the crystal structure; in the organic analysis, it not only requires the identification of the constituent elements, but also, more importantly, should do the structure analysis and functional group analysis.
(2) According to whether the analysis is based on the physical properties or chemical properties of the substance, it can be divided into instrumental analysis and chemical analysis. Depending on the specific requirements, it can be divided into routine analysis, rapid analysis and arbitration Analysis. Routine analysis refers to the general daily laboratory production analysis, also known as conventional analysis; rapid analysis is a kind of routine analysis and is mainly applied to the control of the production process, demanding the report of the results in the shortest possible time with the error generally being allowed to be greater; arbitration analysis is needed when there is controversy in the analysis results from different institute, demanding related department to conduct accurate analysis using specific method in order to determine the accuracy of the results of the original analysis.
(3) According to the amount of the sample, it can be generally divided into constant (> 0.1g), semi-micro (0.01 ~ 0.1g) and trace (1 ~ 10mg) analysis.
(4) In the inorganic qualitative chemical analysis, people generally apply semi-micro method while people generally apply constant analysis in the quantitative chemical analysis. According to the relative amounts of the analyzed components contained in the sample, it is also roughly divided into constant component analysis (> 1%), minor component analysis (0.01 to 1%) and trace components analysis (<0.01%). For the analysis of some trace amount of components contained in some kinds of complicated mixture and some substances, it is necessary to perform separation and enrichment. This produces a series of separation techniques, such as extraction, distillation, ion exchange, chromatography, sedimentation and flotation separation, these chemical separation techniques are an integral part of the analysis.

Environmental Analytical Chemistry
Environmental Analytical Chemistry is briefly referred to environmental analysis. It is a kind of subject to study the types, components of pollutants in the environment as well as how to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis on the chemical contaminants in the environment. It is a branch of environmental chemistry.

Environmental analytical chemistry emerged, developed and improved during the process of solving environmental problems. In 1950s, the public nuisance disease occurred in Japan had alerted the whole world. In order to find the cause of public nuisance disease, after experiencing as long as 11 years, later, the chemists of environmental analysis had applied light spectrum and identified that the river in Itai-itai disease area contained harmful elements such as lead, cadmium, arsenic and so on. Further by means of tracking element analysis of the soil and food in the disease area, people had found high lead and cadmium content. Later, people had further conducted spectral quantitative analysis on the body and bone of the patients in the disease area and found that the bone ashes contained alarmingly high content of zinc, lead and cadmium. To determine the causative agent, people further incorporated zinc, lead and cadmium into the food for feeding animals and conduct trace elemental analysis for animals and confirmed the serious harm of cadmium on the bone, revealing the cause of the Itai-itai disease. The development of modern science, especially the development of modern chemistry, physics, mathematics, electronics, biology, as well as the emergence of accurate, reliable, sensitive, selective, rapid, simple environmental pollution analysis technology and automation equipment, has been resulting in the maturation of environmental analytical chemistry. Environmental analytical chemistry now has penetrated into all areas of the entire environmental science subject. It is the most effective means of access to environmental information quality.
The objects of the environmental analytical chemistry research are quite complicated, including air, water, soil, sediment, minerals, waste, animals, plants, food, and human tissue. The content of chemical elements or compound to be determined in the environmental analytic chemistry is very low, with the absolute content being within the level of 10-6 to 10-12 grams.


The analysis technology in the environmental analytical chemistry is developing towards the direction of continuous automation, computerization and joint combination of various methods and instruments. Currently applied automatic analysis methods include colorimetric analysis, ion selective electrode, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, polarography, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography and flow injection analysis. Laser, as the light source of analytical chemistry technique, has also been applied. Since the laser analysis has properties of high resolution, high sensitivity, long-range and short-term, the laser technology will play a pivotal role in the development of environmental analytical chemistry.

With the deepened development of environmental science, environmental analytical chemistry is often demanded for trace levels and ultra-trace-level detection and analysis, therefore, high sensitivity. Thus study of analysis methods of high sensitivity, good selectivity, rapid trace and ultra trace will become the major development direction for environmental analysis in the near future.

Qualitative Analysis of Chemistry
Qualitative analytic chemistry is the subject to identify the chemical elements and atoms groups contained in the sample. It is a branch subject of the analysis chemistry. Its purpose is to ascertain the chemical composition of the research object (specimen).
The major research content of the qualitative analytic chemistry includes:

1 the tested samples were analyzed separately. Namely take part of the sample and use exclusive reaction to detect a desire detection component.
2 systematic analysis of the samples. This means successively apply a few selective reactions for gradual separation of the ions followed by separation of each group until separating to only one substance and finally apply confirming reaction to ascertain the existence of this substance. The most famous cation system analysis method is H2S system. In recent years, due to the use of advanced equipment, qualitative analysis has also rapidly developed together with multivariate analysis and has also become an important direction for analytical chemistry.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
Methyl ethanesulfonate Methyl ethanesulfonate 1912-28-3 C3H8O3S
Sodium cacodylate trihydrate Sodium cacodylate trihydrate 6131-99-3 C2H10AsNaO3
Ethyl indole-3-carboxylate Ethyl indole-3-carboxylate 776-41-0 C11H11NO2
Dimethyl dodecanedioate Dimethyl dodecanedioate 1731-79-9 C14H26O4
Canrenone Canrenone 976-71-6 C22H28O3
4-Methyl-2-hexanamine hydrochloride 4-Methyl-2-hexanamine hydrochloride 13803-74-2 C7H18ClN
Methylisothiazolinone Methylisothiazolinone 2682-20-4 C4H5NOS
Sulfosulfuron Sulfosulfuron 141776-32-1 C16H18N6O7S2
(+/-)-2-(6-METHOXY-2-NAPHTHYL)PROPIONIC ACID (+/-)-2-(6-METHOXY-2-NAPHTHYL)PROPIONIC ACID 23981-80-8 C14H14O3
Dehydroepiandrosterone acetate Dehydroepiandrosterone acetate 853-23-6 C21H30O3
4-Amino-5-chloro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole 4-Amino-5-chloro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole 30536-19-7 C6H4ClN3S
Cabergoline Cabergoline 81409-90-7 C26H37N5O2
3-Methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid 3-Methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid 3468-01-7 C17H12O4
Oxyclozanide Oxyclozanide 2277-92-1 C13H6Cl5NO3
5-Amino-N,N'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodo-1,3-benzenedicarboxamide 5-Amino-N,N'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodo-1,3-benzenedicarboxamide 76801-93-9 C14H18I3N3O6
Sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate Sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate 79060-88-1 C32H12BF24Na
Molecular sieve 3A Molecular sieve 3A 308080-99-1 KnNa12-n[(AlO2)12(SiO2)12]xH2O
(-)-Camphanic acid chloride (-)-Camphanic acid chloride 39637-74-6 C10H13ClO3
Desoximetasone Desoximetasone 382-67-2 C22H29FO4
DEVARDA'S ALLOY DEVARDA'S ALLOY 8049-11-4 AlCuZn
BISPYRAZOLONE BISPYRAZOLONE 7477-67-0 C20H18N4O2
Calcium ascorbate dihydrate Calcium ascorbate dihydrate 5743-28-2 C6H12CaO7
Neocuproine Neocuproine 484-11-7 C14H12N2
Imidocarb dipropionate Imidocarb dipropionate 55750-06-6 C22H26N6O3
Chloramphenicol palmitate Chloramphenicol palmitate 530-43-8 C27H42Cl2N2O6
Phenylephrine Phenylephrine 59-42-7 C9H13NO2
(S)-(-)-4-Amino-2-hydroxybutyric acid (S)-(-)-4-Amino-2-hydroxybutyric acid 40371-51-5 C4H9NO3
1-Phenyltetrazole-5-thiol 1-Phenyltetrazole-5-thiol 86-93-1 C7H6N4S
Human serum albumin Human serum albumin 70024-90-7 NULL
TETRODOTOXIN TETRODOTOXIN 4368-28-9 C11H17N3O8
CORTEXOLONE CORTEXOLONE 152-58-9 C21H30O4
Paricalcitol Paricalcitol 131918-61-1 C27H44O3
9-Oxo-10(9H)-acridineacetic acid 9-Oxo-10(9H)-acridineacetic acid 38609-97-1 C15H11NO3
2',7'-DICHLOROFLUORESCEIN 2',7'-DICHLOROFLUORESCEIN 76-54-0 C20H10Cl2O5
(+)-DIACETYL-L-TARTARIC ANHYDRIDE (+)-DIACETYL-L-TARTARIC ANHYDRIDE 6283-74-5 C8H8O7
AMMELIDE AMMELIDE 645-93-2 C3H4N4O2
5-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole 5-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole 136-85-6 C7H7N3
2',6'-Pipecoloxylidide 2',6'-Pipecoloxylidide 15883-20-2 C14H20N2O
PALLADIUM ON STRONTIUM CARBONATE, REDUCED PALLADIUM ON STRONTIUM CARBONATE, REDUCED C2H2O6PdSr
Boron trifluoride-methanol solution Boron trifluoride-methanol solution 373-57-9 CH3BF3O
Distearyl thiodipropionate Distearyl thiodipropionate 693-36-7 C42H82O4S
Giemsa stain Giemsa stain 51811-82-6 C14Cl1H14N3S1
2-PIPERIDYLMETHYLAMINE 2-PIPERIDYLMETHYLAMINE 22990-77-8 C6H14N2
5-Difluoromethoxy-2-{[(3,4-dimethoxy-2-pyridinyl)methyl]thio}-1H-benzimidazole 5-Difluoromethoxy-2-{[(3,4-dimethoxy-2-pyridinyl)methyl]thio}-1H-benzimidazole 102625-64-9 C16H15F2N3O3S
7-Ethyl tryptophol 7-Ethyl tryptophol 41340-36-7 C12H15NO
P-Toluenesulfonic anhydride P-Toluenesulfonic anhydride 4124-41-8 C14H14O5S2
Octylamine Octylamine 111-86-4 C8H19N
RHODAMINE B ISOTHIOCYANATE RHODAMINE B ISOTHIOCYANATE 36877-69-7 C29H30N3O3S.Cl
Starane Starane 81406-37-3 C15H21Cl2FN2O3
2-Chlorophenothiazine 2-Chlorophenothiazine 92-39-7 C12H8ClNS
3-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxylic acid 3-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxylic acid 3919-74-2 C11H7ClFNO3
1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene 634-90-2 C6H2Cl4
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine dihydrochloride 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine dihydrochloride 20325-40-0 C14H17ClN2O2
Amylamine Amylamine 110-58-7 C5H13N
Carbadox Carbadox 6804-07-5 C11H10N4O4
Benoxinate Hydrochloride Benoxinate Hydrochloride 5987-82-6 C17H29ClN2O3
THYMOQUINONE THYMOQUINONE 490-91-5 C10H12O2
4,4'-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) 4,4'-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) 101-14-4 C13H12Cl2N2
(S)-(+)-alpha-Methoxyphenylacetic acid (S)-(+)-alpha-Methoxyphenylacetic acid 26164-26-1 C9H10O3
2-CHLOROBIPHENYL 2-CHLOROBIPHENYL 2051-60-7 C12H9Cl
(R)-(-)-alpha-Methoxyphenylacetic acid (R)-(-)-alpha-Methoxyphenylacetic acid 3966-32-3 C9H10O3
1,1,1-TRICHLORO-2-METHYL-2-PROPANOL HEMIHYDRATE 1,1,1-TRICHLORO-2-METHYL-2-PROPANOL HEMIHYDRATE 6001-64-5 C8H16Cl6O3
(R)-(-)-O-Formylmandeloyl chloride (R)-(-)-O-Formylmandeloyl chloride 29169-64-0 C9H7ClO3
trans-3-Indoleacrylic acid trans-3-Indoleacrylic acid 29953-71-7 C11H9NO2
Homosalate Homosalate 118-56-9 C16H22O3
Indoxacarb Indoxacarb 144171-61-9 C22H17ClF3N3O7
Zaleplon Zaleplon 151319-34-5 C17H15N5O
2,2-DIMETHYL-6,6,7,7,8,8,8-HEPTAFLUORO-3,5-OCTANEDIONE 2,2-DIMETHYL-6,6,7,7,8,8,8-HEPTAFLUORO-3,5-OCTANEDIONE 17587-22-3 C10H11F7O2
Eprinomectin Eprinomectin 123997-26-2 C50H75NO14
Tetrapropylammonium bisulfate Tetrapropylammonium bisulfate 56211-70-2 C12H29NO4S
Ascomycin Ascomycin 104987-12-4 C43H69NO12
Gabapentin-lactam Gabapentin-lactam 64744-50-9 C9H15NO
5-Amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide 5-Amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide 360-97-4 C4H6N4O
Lynestrenol Lynestrenol 52-76-6 C20H28O
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-9-methylcarbazol-4-one 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-9-methylcarbazol-4-one 27387-31-1 C13H13NO
Isatin Isatin 91-56-5 C8H5NO2
3-Chloro-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine 3-Chloro-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine 32943-25-2 C14H12ClN
Dimethyloldimethyl hydantoin Dimethyloldimethyl hydantoin 6440-58-0 C7H12N2O4
1-(3-Trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine hydrochloride 1-(3-Trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine hydrochloride 16015-69-3 C11H14ClF3N2
3,5-Dimethylpyrazole 3,5-Dimethylpyrazole 67-51-6 C5H8N2
2-Bromo-4'-methoxyacetophenone 2-Bromo-4'-methoxyacetophenone 2632-13-5 C9H9BrO2
Di-n-butyl ether Di-n-butyl ether 142-96-1 C8H18O
GLYCERIN BASE GLYCERIN BASE 77944-79-7 C3H8O3
7-Hydroxy-5-methyl-1,3,4-triazaindolizine 7-Hydroxy-5-methyl-1,3,4-triazaindolizine 2503-56-2 C6H6N4O
Olive oil Olive oil 8001-25-0 N/A
Ferene disodium salt Ferene disodium salt 79551-14-7 C16H8N4Na2O8S2
Dexpanthenol Dexpanthenol 81-13-0 C9H19NO4
2-(2-Methoxyphenoxy)ethylamine 2-(2-Methoxyphenoxy)ethylamine 1836-62-0 C9H13NO2
(S)-(+)-ALPHA-METHOXY-ALPHA-TRIFLUOROMETHYLPHENYLACETYL CHLORIDE (S)-(+)-ALPHA-METHOXY-ALPHA-TRIFLUOROMETHYLPHENYLACETYL CHLORIDE 20445-33-4 C10H8ClF3O2
4'-(2-Methylpropyl)acetophenone 4'-(2-Methylpropyl)acetophenone 38861-78-8 C12H16O
(R)-(+)-1-Phenylethyl isocyanate (R)-(+)-1-Phenylethyl isocyanate 33375-06-3 C9H9NO
Oleamide Oleamide 301-02-0 C18H35NO
N-Methylpyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde N-Methylpyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde 1192-58-1 C6H7NO
L-Octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid L-Octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid 80875-98-5 C9H15NO2
4-Methoxyisophthalic acid 4-Methoxyisophthalic acid 2206-43-1 C9H8O5
1-Benzylpiperazine dihydrochloride 1-Benzylpiperazine dihydrochloride 5321-63-1 C11H18Cl2N2
5,5-DIMETHYL-1-PYRROLINE N-OXIDE 5,5-DIMETHYL-1-PYRROLINE N-OXIDE 3317-61-1 C6H11NO
2-Butyl-3-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)benzofuran 2-Butyl-3-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)benzofuran 52490-15-0 C19H18O3
1-(3-Chlorophenyl)piperazine hydrochloride 1-(3-Chlorophenyl)piperazine hydrochloride 65369-76-8 C10H14Cl2N2
2-Chlorothioxanthone 2-Chlorothioxanthone 86-39-5 C13H7ClOS
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