Analytical Chemistry

Analytical chemistry is the subject for the method and basic principle of studying and identifying of the composition, status, structure of matter as well as determination of related content. It is an important branch of chemistry subject. Analytical chemistry plays an important role in not only its own development but also in various fields related to the chemistry. We can say that all the practice of any human activity involving chemical phenomena is inseparable from analytical chemistry. Now, people have developed various kinds of different analytical methods, which can be classified based on an analysis task, analysis object, the basis of the analysis, requirement of the analysis and sample dosage.

According to the analysis tasks, it can be divided into qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis and structural analysis. Task of qualitative analysis is to identify the elements, radicals, functional groups or compounds that constituting the substances; the task of the quantitative analysis is to determine the content of the related components in the sample; the task of structural analysis is to study the molecular structure or crystal structure of the material.

(1) According to the analysis objects, it can be divided into organic and inorganic analysis; the object for the inorganic analysis is inorganic substance; the object of organic analysis is organic substance. In the inorganic analysis, it is generally required to determine what elements, ions, radicals or compounds that constitutes the sample and measure the percentage of each component; and sometimes it is also necessary for determination of the crystal structure; in the organic analysis, it not only requires the identification of the constituent elements, but also, more importantly, should do the structure analysis and functional group analysis.
(2) According to whether the analysis is based on the physical properties or chemical properties of the substance, it can be divided into instrumental analysis and chemical analysis. Depending on the specific requirements, it can be divided into routine analysis, rapid analysis and arbitration Analysis. Routine analysis refers to the general daily laboratory production analysis, also known as conventional analysis; rapid analysis is a kind of routine analysis and is mainly applied to the control of the production process, demanding the report of the results in the shortest possible time with the error generally being allowed to be greater; arbitration analysis is needed when there is controversy in the analysis results from different institute, demanding related department to conduct accurate analysis using specific method in order to determine the accuracy of the results of the original analysis.
(3) According to the amount of the sample, it can be generally divided into constant (> 0.1g), semi-micro (0.01 ~ 0.1g) and trace (1 ~ 10mg) analysis.
(4) In the inorganic qualitative chemical analysis, people generally apply semi-micro method while people generally apply constant analysis in the quantitative chemical analysis. According to the relative amounts of the analyzed components contained in the sample, it is also roughly divided into constant component analysis (> 1%), minor component analysis (0.01 to 1%) and trace components analysis (<0.01%). For the analysis of some trace amount of components contained in some kinds of complicated mixture and some substances, it is necessary to perform separation and enrichment. This produces a series of separation techniques, such as extraction, distillation, ion exchange, chromatography, sedimentation and flotation separation, these chemical separation techniques are an integral part of the analysis.

Environmental Analytical Chemistry
Environmental Analytical Chemistry is briefly referred to environmental analysis. It is a kind of subject to study the types, components of pollutants in the environment as well as how to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis on the chemical contaminants in the environment. It is a branch of environmental chemistry.

Environmental analytical chemistry emerged, developed and improved during the process of solving environmental problems. In 1950s, the public nuisance disease occurred in Japan had alerted the whole world. In order to find the cause of public nuisance disease, after experiencing as long as 11 years, later, the chemists of environmental analysis had applied light spectrum and identified that the river in Itai-itai disease area contained harmful elements such as lead, cadmium, arsenic and so on. Further by means of tracking element analysis of the soil and food in the disease area, people had found high lead and cadmium content. Later, people had further conducted spectral quantitative analysis on the body and bone of the patients in the disease area and found that the bone ashes contained alarmingly high content of zinc, lead and cadmium. To determine the causative agent, people further incorporated zinc, lead and cadmium into the food for feeding animals and conduct trace elemental analysis for animals and confirmed the serious harm of cadmium on the bone, revealing the cause of the Itai-itai disease. The development of modern science, especially the development of modern chemistry, physics, mathematics, electronics, biology, as well as the emergence of accurate, reliable, sensitive, selective, rapid, simple environmental pollution analysis technology and automation equipment, has been resulting in the maturation of environmental analytical chemistry. Environmental analytical chemistry now has penetrated into all areas of the entire environmental science subject. It is the most effective means of access to environmental information quality.
The objects of the environmental analytical chemistry research are quite complicated, including air, water, soil, sediment, minerals, waste, animals, plants, food, and human tissue. The content of chemical elements or compound to be determined in the environmental analytic chemistry is very low, with the absolute content being within the level of 10-6 to 10-12 grams.


The analysis technology in the environmental analytical chemistry is developing towards the direction of continuous automation, computerization and joint combination of various methods and instruments. Currently applied automatic analysis methods include colorimetric analysis, ion selective electrode, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, polarography, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography and flow injection analysis. Laser, as the light source of analytical chemistry technique, has also been applied. Since the laser analysis has properties of high resolution, high sensitivity, long-range and short-term, the laser technology will play a pivotal role in the development of environmental analytical chemistry.

With the deepened development of environmental science, environmental analytical chemistry is often demanded for trace levels and ultra-trace-level detection and analysis, therefore, high sensitivity. Thus study of analysis methods of high sensitivity, good selectivity, rapid trace and ultra trace will become the major development direction for environmental analysis in the near future.

Qualitative Analysis of Chemistry
Qualitative analytic chemistry is the subject to identify the chemical elements and atoms groups contained in the sample. It is a branch subject of the analysis chemistry. Its purpose is to ascertain the chemical composition of the research object (specimen).
The major research content of the qualitative analytic chemistry includes:

1 the tested samples were analyzed separately. Namely take part of the sample and use exclusive reaction to detect a desire detection component.
2 systematic analysis of the samples. This means successively apply a few selective reactions for gradual separation of the ions followed by separation of each group until separating to only one substance and finally apply confirming reaction to ascertain the existence of this substance. The most famous cation system analysis method is H2S system. In recent years, due to the use of advanced equipment, qualitative analysis has also rapidly developed together with multivariate analysis and has also become an important direction for analytical chemistry.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
LEVULINIC ACID CALCIUM SALT DIHYDRATE LEVULINIC ACID CALCIUM SALT DIHYDRATE 5743-49-7 C10H18CaO8
HEXOBARBITAL HEXOBARBITAL 56-29-1 C12H16N2O3
DIBUTYL CHLORENDATE DIBUTYL CHLORENDATE 1770-80-5 C17H20Cl6O4
2,4',5-TRICHLOROBIPHENYL 2,4',5-TRICHLOROBIPHENYL 16606-02-3 C12H7Cl3
CARBAZOL-9-YL-ACETIC ACID CARBAZOL-9-YL-ACETIC ACID 524-80-1 C14H11NO2
alpha-Ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetic acid alpha-Ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetic acid 67118-31-4 C8H13NO3
Potassium trichloroammineplatinate (II) Potassium trichloroammineplatinate (II) 13820-91-2 Cl3H3KNPt
TETRA-N-BUTYLAMMONIUM TETRAPHENYLBORATE TETRA-N-BUTYLAMMONIUM TETRAPHENYLBORATE 15522-59-5 C40H56BN
Flurprimidol Flurprimidol 56425-91-3 C15H15F3N2O2
2,2'-DICHLOROBIPHENYL 2,2'-DICHLOROBIPHENYL 13029-08-8 C12H8Cl2
Piretanide Piretanide 55837-27-9 C17H18N2O5S
3-(Dimethyloctadecylazaniumyl)propane-1-sulfonate 3-(Dimethyloctadecylazaniumyl)propane-1-sulfonate 13177-41-8 C23H49NO3S
SULFANITRAN SULFANITRAN 122-16-7 C14H13N3O5S
P-TOLUALDEHYDE 2,4-DINITROPHENYLHYDRAZONE P-TOLUALDEHYDE 2,4-DINITROPHENYLHYDRAZONE 2571-00-8 C14H12N4O4
(+/-)-ALPHA-METHOXY-ALPHA-TRIFLUOROMETHYLPHENYLACETIC ACID (+/-)-ALPHA-METHOXY-ALPHA-TRIFLUOROMETHYLPHENYLACETIC ACID 81655-41-6 C10H9F3O3
ISOBENZAN ISOBENZAN 297-78-9 C9H4Cl8O
Dihydrokawain Dihydrokawain 587-63-3 C14H16O3
4-METHOXY-1,3-PHENYLENEDIAMINE SULFATE HYDRATE 4-METHOXY-1,3-PHENYLENEDIAMINE SULFATE HYDRATE 123333-56-2 C7H10N2O.H2O4S
2-NITRODIPHENYL ETHER 2-NITRODIPHENYL ETHER 2216-12-8 C12H9NO3
PHENANTHRENE-D10 PHENANTHRENE-D10 1517-22-2 C14D10
TRANS-11-OCTADECENOIC ACID METHYL ESTER TRANS-11-OCTADECENOIC ACID METHYL ESTER 6198-58-9 C19H36O2
Disodium clodronate tetrahydrate Disodium clodronate tetrahydrate 88416-50-6 CH7Cl2NaO7P2
AMCINONIDE AMCINONIDE 51022-69-6 C28H35FO7
1,2-BIS[(DIMETHYLAMINO)DIMETHYLSILYL]ETHANE 1,2-BIS[(DIMETHYLAMINO)DIMETHYLSILYL]ETHANE 91166-50-6 C10H28N2Si2
2,5-DIMETHYLCYCLOHEXANOL 2,5-DIMETHYLCYCLOHEXANOL 3809-32-3 C8H16O
POLYAMIDE 6 HPLC 0.005-0.020MM (5-20UM)& POLYAMIDE 6 HPLC 0.005-0.020MM (5-20UM)& 63428-83-1 H2OSi
CIS-8,11,14-EICOSATRIENOIC ACID CIS-8,11,14-EICOSATRIENOIC ACID 1783-84-2 C20H34O2
OXANTEL PAMOATE OXANTEL PAMOATE 68813-55-8 C49H48N4O8
MINAPRINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE MINAPRINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE 25905-77-5 C17H22N4O
AMBERLITE AMBERLITE 52439-77-7 N/A
2-NITRONAPHTHALENE 2-NITRONAPHTHALENE 581-89-5 C10H7NO2
TRANS-11-OCTADECENOIC ACID TRANS-11-OCTADECENOIC ACID 693-72-1 C18H34O2
Tetrabutylphosphonium Hexafluorophosphate Tetrabutylphosphonium Hexafluorophosphate 111928-21-3 C16H36F6P2
Framycetin sulphate Framycetin sulphate 4146-30-9 C23H48N6O17S
Sennoside D Sennoside D 37271-17-3 C42H40O19
PROADIFEN HYDROCHLORIDE PROADIFEN HYDROCHLORIDE 62-68-0 C23H32ClNO2
BUPRENORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE BUPRENORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE 53152-21-9 C28H40ClNO4
(R)-(-)-N-(3,5-DINITROBENZOYL)-ALPHA-PHENYLETHYLAMINE (R)-(-)-N-(3,5-DINITROBENZOYL)-ALPHA-PHENYLETHYLAMINE 69632-32-2 C15H13N3O5
L-ALPHA-METHYLBENZYL ISOTHIOCYANATE L-ALPHA-METHYLBENZYL ISOTHIOCYANATE 24277-43-8 C9H9NS
(+/-)-THIOPENTAL (+/-)-THIOPENTAL 76-75-5 C11H18N2O2S
CIS-11-EICOSENOIC ACID METHYL ESTER CIS-11-EICOSENOIC ACID METHYL ESTER 2390-09-2 C21H40O2
BENZYL 4-NITROPHENYL CARBONATE BENZYL 4-NITROPHENYL CARBONATE 13795-24-9 C14H11NO5
AMMONIUM DIETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE AMMONIUM DIETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE 21124-33-4 C5H14N2S2
MOLGRASTIM MOLGRASTIM 99283-10-0
TRICHLORONATE TRICHLORONATE 327-98-0 C10H12Cl3O2PS
RICINOLEIC ACID ETHYL ESTER RICINOLEIC ACID ETHYL ESTER 55066-53-0 C20H38O3
(R)-(-)-ALPHA-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZYL ALCOHOL (R)-(-)-ALPHA-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZYL ALCOHOL 10531-50-7 C8H7F3O
CHLORDENE CHLORDENE 3734-48-3 C10H6Cl6
Menthyl anthranilate Menthyl anthranilate 134-09-8 C17H25NO2
DIISOPROPYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE DIISOPROPYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE 1445-75-6 C7H17O3P
THIONAZIN THIONAZIN 297-97-2 C8H13N2O3PS
FLUBENDAZOLE FLUBENDAZOLE 37893-02-0 C17H10F6N4S
2-[((2',6'-DICHLORO-4'-HYDROXY)PHENYL)AMINO]BENZENEACETIC ACID 2-[((2',6'-DICHLORO-4'-HYDROXY)PHENYL)AMINO]BENZENEACETIC ACID 64118-84-9 C14H11Cl2NO3
R-(-)-Fluoxetine hydrochloride R-(-)-Fluoxetine hydrochloride 114247-09-5 C17H19ClF3NO
5-ALPHA-ANDROSTANE 5-ALPHA-ANDROSTANE 438-22-2 C19H32
BETULIN DIACETATE BETULIN DIACETATE 1721-69-3 C34H54O4
N-HEPTATRIACONTANE N-HEPTATRIACONTANE 7194-84-5 C37H76
2-(4-Methoxybenzylamino)pyridine 2-(4-Methoxybenzylamino)pyridine 52818-63-0 C13H14N2O
Dimethenamid Dimethenamid 87674-68-8 C12H18ClNO2S
DibroMoethane-d4 DibroMoethane-d4 22581-63-1 C2Br2D4
Testosterone benzoate Testosterone benzoate 2088-71-3 C26H32O3
OXYPHENCYCLIMINE OXYPHENCYCLIMINE 125-52-0 C20H28N2O3.ClH
DECACHLOROBIPHENYL DECACHLOROBIPHENYL 2051-24-3 C12Cl10
FRANGULIN B FRANGULIN B 14101-04-3 C20H18O9
2,3,4-TRICHLOROANISOLE 2,3,4-TRICHLOROANISOLE 54135-80-7 C7H5Cl3O
2-AMINOPERIMIDINE HYDROBROMIDE 2-AMINOPERIMIDINE HYDROBROMIDE 40835-96-9 C11H10BrN3
FRANGULIN A FRANGULIN A 521-62-0 C21H20O9
2,2',3,4,4',5,5'-HEPTACHLOROBIPHENYL 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'-HEPTACHLOROBIPHENYL 35065-29-3 C12H3Cl7
1-TERT-BUTOXYCARBONYL-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE 1-TERT-BUTOXYCARBONYL-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE 41864-24-8 C7H11N3O2
BENFLUOREX HYDROCHLORIDE BENFLUOREX HYDROCHLORIDE 23642-66-2 C19H21ClF3NO2
BETA-ESTRADIOL 17-ACETATE BETA-ESTRADIOL 17-ACETATE 1743-60-8 C20H26O3
OPIPRAMOL OPIPRAMOL 315-72-0 C23H29N3O
2,4,6-TRICHLOROBIPHENYL 2,4,6-TRICHLOROBIPHENYL 35693-92-6 C12H7Cl3
(S)-(+)-4-NITRO-7-(3-AMINOPYRROLIDIN-1-YL)-2,1,3-BENZOXADIAZOLE (S)-(+)-4-NITRO-7-(3-AMINOPYRROLIDIN-1-YL)-2,1,3-BENZOXADIAZOLE 143112-52-1 C10H11N5O3
T-2 TOXIN T-2 TOXIN 21259-20-1 C24H34O9
DIALLYL DICARBONATE DIALLYL DICARBONATE 115491-93-5 C8H10O5
BENZO(C)PHENANTHRENE BENZO(C)PHENANTHRENE 195-19-7 C18H12
AZOXYBENZENE AZOXYBENZENE 495-48-7 C12H10N2O
3-METHOXY-DL-TYROSINE 3-METHOXY-DL-TYROSINE 7636-26-2 C10H13NO4
4-(DIPHENYLMETHOXY)PIPERIDINE 4-(DIPHENYLMETHOXY)PIPERIDINE 58258-01-8 C18H21NO
N,N'-Dipropylurea N,N'-Dipropylurea 623-95-0 C7H16N2O
Ascorbyl glucoside Ascorbyl glucoside 129499-78-1 C12H18O11
Fenoxanil Fenoxanil 115852-48-7 C15H18Cl2N2O2
POTASSIUM TETRAKIS(4-CHLOROPHENYL)BORATE POTASSIUM TETRAKIS(4-CHLOROPHENYL)BORATE 14680-77-4 C24H16BCl4K
MCPB MCPB 94-81-5 C11H13ClO3
ANANDAMIDE ANANDAMIDE 94421-68-8 C22H37NO2
10,11-DIHYDROCARBAMAZEPINE 10,11-DIHYDROCARBAMAZEPINE 3564-73-6 C15H14N2O
BHC BHC 608-73-1 C6H6Cl6
ISOPRENALINE SULFATE ISOPRENALINE SULFATE 6700-39-6 2C11H17NO3.2H2O.H2O4S
4-BENZOYLOXY-TEMPO 4-BENZOYLOXY-TEMPO 3225-26-1 C16H22NO3*
Spectinomycin sulfate tetrahydrate Spectinomycin sulfate tetrahydrate 64058-48-6 C14H26N2O11S
2-AMINO-4,6-DINITROTOLUENE 2-AMINO-4,6-DINITROTOLUENE 35572-78-2 C7H7N3O4
DER 736 RESIN DER 736 RESIN 9072-62-2 ((C3H6O)nH2O.C3H5ClO)x
N-SUCCINIMIDYL 4-NITROPHENYLACETATE N-SUCCINIMIDYL 4-NITROPHENYLACETATE 68123-33-1 C12H10N2O6
BENTRANIL BENTRANIL 1022-46-4 C14H9NO2
3-[(Dimethylamino)methyl]-1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-9-methyl-4H-carbazol-4-one hydrochloride 3-[(Dimethylamino)methyl]-1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-9-methyl-4H-carbazol-4-one hydrochloride 119812-29-2 C16H21ClN2O
ACETYLSALICYLSALICYLIC ACID ACETYLSALICYLSALICYLIC ACID 530-75-6 C16H12O6
1,1-DICHLOROPROPENE 1,1-DICHLOROPROPENE 563-58-6 C3H4Cl2
DIHYDROERGOCRISTINE MESYLATE DIHYDROERGOCRISTINE MESYLATE 24730-10-7 C36H45N5O8S
AFLATOXIN M1 AFLATOXIN M1 6795-23-9 C17H12O7
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