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| Product Name: | BHC | | Synonyms: | BHC-Mix;TECHNICAL-GRADEHCH;HCH (BHC), Technical;BHC (mixed isomers) 1g [608-73-1];HCH ( BHC) ( technical), 100 μg/mL in methanol;1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-cyclohexan;1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-cyclohexan(mixedisomers);1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane(mixtureofisomers) | | CAS: | 608-73-1 | | MF: | C6H6Cl6 | | MW: | 290.83 | | EINECS: | 210-168-9 | | Product Categories: | H;HA -HTPesticides;H-MAlphabetic;OrganochlorinesPesticides&Metabolites;Rodenticides;Alphabetic;A-BAlphabetic;Alpha sort;B;BA - BHPesticides;Insecticides;Oeko-Tex Standard 100;OrganochlorinesMethod Specific;BA - BH;Pesticides;Pesticides&Metabolites | | Mol File: | 608-73-1.mol |  |
| Melting point | 112.75°C | | Boiling point | 373.64°C (rough estimate) | | density | 1.8700 | | refractive index | 1.5691 (estimate) | | solubility | DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly) | | form | Powder or Flakes | | color | White,crystalline powder | | Water Solubility | 31.4mg/L(25 ºC) | | EPA Substance Registry System | 1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane (608-73-1) |
| Chemical Properties | BHC is a white-to-brownish crystalline solid
with a musty, phosgene-like odor. | | Uses | Insecticide. | | Definition | An environmentally persistent constituent of a wide
variety of agricultural, medical, and veterinary
products. | | General Description | White to yellow powder or flakes. Musty odor. The gamma isomer is known as lindane, a systemic insecticide. Toxic by ingestion or inhalation. | | Reactivity Profile | Halogenated aliphatic compounds, such as HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE, are moderately or very reactive. Reactivity generally decreases with increased degree of substitution of halogen for hydrogen atoms. Materials in this group may be incompatible with strong oxidizing and reducing agents. Also, they may be incompatible with many amines, nitrides, azo/diazo compounds, alkali metals, and epoxides. | | Hazard | Highly toxic; questionable carcinogen. | | Safety Profile | Confirmed carcinogen
with experimental carcinogenic,
neoplastigenic, and tumorigenic data by
ingestion and skin contact. Poison by
ingestion, skin contact, and subcutaneous
routes. Human systemic effects by
inhalation: headache, nausea or vomiting,
and fever. Implicated in aplastic anemia.
Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation
data reported. Lindane is more toxic than
DDT or dieldrin. Potentially violent reaction
with dlmethylformamide + iron. When
heated to decomposition it emits highly
toxic fumes of phosgene, HCl, and Cl-. See
other benzenehexachloride entries.
A toxic organochlorine that is persistent
in the environment and accumulates in
mammalian tissue. For cattle, the oral LD50
<= 100 mg/kg. The various isomers have
dlfferent actions; the y (lindane) and a isomers are central nervous system
stimulants, the principal symptom being
convulsions. The p and A isomers are central
nervous system depressants. The use of
thermal vaporizers with lindane has caused
acute poisoning by inhalation.
mixture has been estimated at about 30 g
and the dangerous dose of lindane at about
7 to 15 g. However, as already mentioned, a
single dose of 45 mg (or approximately 0.65
mg/kg) of lindane caused convulsions.
Lindane shows a marked dfference in
toxicity to dfferent species. Its toxic effect
on laboratory animals compares favorably
with that of DDT, but for several domestic
animals, notably calves, hdane is more
toxic than DDT or Qeldrin. On a chronic
systemic basis the a, p and y isomers are
experimental carcinogens. Has been
implicated in aplastic anemia.
Dermatitis and perhaps other
manifestations based on sensitivity represent
a sort of chronic, though probably not
systemic intoxication, which has been
observed in humans.
The signs and symptoms of confirmed
acute poisoning in humans have paralleled
those in experimental animals. These signs
and symptoms are: excitation,
hyperirritability, loss of equhbrium, clonictonic
convulsions, and later depression.There is some evidence that the pulmonary edema and vascular collapse may
be of neurogenic origm also. The symptoms
in animals systemically poisoned by the yisomer
alone are essentially similar to those
caused by mixtures, although the onset may
be earlier. Workers acutely exposed to high
air concentrations of lindane and its
decomposition products show headache,
nausea, and irritation of eyes, nose, and
throat.
In rare instances, urticaria has followed
exposure to lindane vapor. Unlike the signs
and symptoms already mentioned, this
allergic manifestation occurs only in susceptible individuals, and usually only after
a period of sensitization. | | Potential Exposure | The major commercial usage of BHC
is based upon its insecticidal properties. α-BCH is used as
an Agricultural chemical, pesticide, pharmaceutical, and
veterinary drug. The 7-isomer has the highest acute toxic ity, but the other isomers are not without activity. It is gen erally advantageous to purify the 7-isomer from the less
active isomers. The γ-isomer acts on the nervous system of
insects, principally at the level of the nerve ganglia. As a
result, lindane has been used against insects in a wide range
of applications including treatment of animals, buildings,
humans for ectoparasites, clothes; water for mosquitoes;
living plants; seeds and soils. Some applications have been
abandoned due to excessive residues, e.g., stored food stuffs. By voluntary action, the principal domestic producer
of technical grade BHC requested cancellation of its BHC
registrations on September 1, 1976. As of July 21, 1978, all
registrants of pesticide products containing BHC voluntar ily canceled their registrations or switched their former
BHC products to lindane formulations. | | Carcinogenicity | A bioassay of lindane of the NCI
was published in 1977. The compound was administered
for 80 weeks to groups of Osborne–Mendel rats and
B6C3F1 mice. Time-weighted dietary levels for male rats
were 236 or 472 ppm; for female rats, 135 or 270 ppm; and for
male and female mice, 80 or 160 ppm. Results were as
follows: in rats, no tumors occurred at a statistically
significant incidence in the treated groups of either sex but
(2) in mice, the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in lowdose
males was significant when compared with that in the
pooled controls (controls 5/49, low dose 19/49, p = 0.001).
This finding, by itself, is insufficient to establish the carcinogenicity
of lindane. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma
in high-dose male mice was not significantly
different from that in matched or pooled controls. It is
concluded that under the conditions of this bioassay lindane
was not carcinogenic for Osborne–Mendel rats or B6C3F1
mice.
As with most other chlorinated insecticides, lindane has
been shown to exhibit tumor promotional activity, possibly
via inhibition of intercellular communication. Lindane
exposures do inhibit formation of liver tumors following
exposures to aflatoxin B1, suggesting an activity other than
tumor promotion for lindane. Enhancement of enzymatic
deactivation of aflatoxin via induction of microsomal
enzymes may play a role in this phenomenon.
The combination of lindane’s lack of significant mutagenic
activity, its tumor promotional properties, and the lack
of epidemiologic evidence suggest that lindane poses a
minimal to nonexistent risk of cancer to humans under
reasonable and prescribed use conditions. | | Shipping | UN2761 Organochlorine pesticides, solid, toxic,
Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials. | | Incompatibilities | Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explo sions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,
strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Decomposes on contact
with powdered iron, aluminum, zinc, and on contact with
strong bases producing trichlorobenzene. | | Waste Disposal | A process has been developed
for the destructive pyrolysis of benzene hexachloride @
400 500℃ with a catalyst mixture which contains 5 10%
of either cupric chloride, ferric chloride; zinc chloride; or
aluminum chloride on activated carbon. |
| | BHC Preparation Products And Raw materials |
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