Analytical Chemistry

Analytical chemistry is the subject for the method and basic principle of studying and identifying of the composition, status, structure of matter as well as determination of related content. It is an important branch of chemistry subject. Analytical chemistry plays an important role in not only its own development but also in various fields related to the chemistry. We can say that all the practice of any human activity involving chemical phenomena is inseparable from analytical chemistry. Now, people have developed various kinds of different analytical methods, which can be classified based on an analysis task, analysis object, the basis of the analysis, requirement of the analysis and sample dosage.

According to the analysis tasks, it can be divided into qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis and structural analysis. Task of qualitative analysis is to identify the elements, radicals, functional groups or compounds that constituting the substances; the task of the quantitative analysis is to determine the content of the related components in the sample; the task of structural analysis is to study the molecular structure or crystal structure of the material.

(1) According to the analysis objects, it can be divided into organic and inorganic analysis; the object for the inorganic analysis is inorganic substance; the object of organic analysis is organic substance. In the inorganic analysis, it is generally required to determine what elements, ions, radicals or compounds that constitutes the sample and measure the percentage of each component; and sometimes it is also necessary for determination of the crystal structure; in the organic analysis, it not only requires the identification of the constituent elements, but also, more importantly, should do the structure analysis and functional group analysis.
(2) According to whether the analysis is based on the physical properties or chemical properties of the substance, it can be divided into instrumental analysis and chemical analysis. Depending on the specific requirements, it can be divided into routine analysis, rapid analysis and arbitration Analysis. Routine analysis refers to the general daily laboratory production analysis, also known as conventional analysis; rapid analysis is a kind of routine analysis and is mainly applied to the control of the production process, demanding the report of the results in the shortest possible time with the error generally being allowed to be greater; arbitration analysis is needed when there is controversy in the analysis results from different institute, demanding related department to conduct accurate analysis using specific method in order to determine the accuracy of the results of the original analysis.
(3) According to the amount of the sample, it can be generally divided into constant (> 0.1g), semi-micro (0.01 ~ 0.1g) and trace (1 ~ 10mg) analysis.
(4) In the inorganic qualitative chemical analysis, people generally apply semi-micro method while people generally apply constant analysis in the quantitative chemical analysis. According to the relative amounts of the analyzed components contained in the sample, it is also roughly divided into constant component analysis (> 1%), minor component analysis (0.01 to 1%) and trace components analysis (<0.01%). For the analysis of some trace amount of components contained in some kinds of complicated mixture and some substances, it is necessary to perform separation and enrichment. This produces a series of separation techniques, such as extraction, distillation, ion exchange, chromatography, sedimentation and flotation separation, these chemical separation techniques are an integral part of the analysis.

Environmental Analytical Chemistry
Environmental Analytical Chemistry is briefly referred to environmental analysis. It is a kind of subject to study the types, components of pollutants in the environment as well as how to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis on the chemical contaminants in the environment. It is a branch of environmental chemistry.

Environmental analytical chemistry emerged, developed and improved during the process of solving environmental problems. In 1950s, the public nuisance disease occurred in Japan had alerted the whole world. In order to find the cause of public nuisance disease, after experiencing as long as 11 years, later, the chemists of environmental analysis had applied light spectrum and identified that the river in Itai-itai disease area contained harmful elements such as lead, cadmium, arsenic and so on. Further by means of tracking element analysis of the soil and food in the disease area, people had found high lead and cadmium content. Later, people had further conducted spectral quantitative analysis on the body and bone of the patients in the disease area and found that the bone ashes contained alarmingly high content of zinc, lead and cadmium. To determine the causative agent, people further incorporated zinc, lead and cadmium into the food for feeding animals and conduct trace elemental analysis for animals and confirmed the serious harm of cadmium on the bone, revealing the cause of the Itai-itai disease. The development of modern science, especially the development of modern chemistry, physics, mathematics, electronics, biology, as well as the emergence of accurate, reliable, sensitive, selective, rapid, simple environmental pollution analysis technology and automation equipment, has been resulting in the maturation of environmental analytical chemistry. Environmental analytical chemistry now has penetrated into all areas of the entire environmental science subject. It is the most effective means of access to environmental information quality.
The objects of the environmental analytical chemistry research are quite complicated, including air, water, soil, sediment, minerals, waste, animals, plants, food, and human tissue. The content of chemical elements or compound to be determined in the environmental analytic chemistry is very low, with the absolute content being within the level of 10-6 to 10-12 grams.


The analysis technology in the environmental analytical chemistry is developing towards the direction of continuous automation, computerization and joint combination of various methods and instruments. Currently applied automatic analysis methods include colorimetric analysis, ion selective electrode, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, polarography, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography and flow injection analysis. Laser, as the light source of analytical chemistry technique, has also been applied. Since the laser analysis has properties of high resolution, high sensitivity, long-range and short-term, the laser technology will play a pivotal role in the development of environmental analytical chemistry.

With the deepened development of environmental science, environmental analytical chemistry is often demanded for trace levels and ultra-trace-level detection and analysis, therefore, high sensitivity. Thus study of analysis methods of high sensitivity, good selectivity, rapid trace and ultra trace will become the major development direction for environmental analysis in the near future.

Qualitative Analysis of Chemistry
Qualitative analytic chemistry is the subject to identify the chemical elements and atoms groups contained in the sample. It is a branch subject of the analysis chemistry. Its purpose is to ascertain the chemical composition of the research object (specimen).
The major research content of the qualitative analytic chemistry includes:

1 the tested samples were analyzed separately. Namely take part of the sample and use exclusive reaction to detect a desire detection component.
2 systematic analysis of the samples. This means successively apply a few selective reactions for gradual separation of the ions followed by separation of each group until separating to only one substance and finally apply confirming reaction to ascertain the existence of this substance. The most famous cation system analysis method is H2S system. In recent years, due to the use of advanced equipment, qualitative analysis has also rapidly developed together with multivariate analysis and has also become an important direction for analytical chemistry.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
TRANS-NONACHLOR TRANS-NONACHLOR 39765-80-5 C10H5Cl9
VERRUCULOGEN VERRUCULOGEN 12771-72-1 C27H33N3O7
2,4,5-TRICHLOROBIPHENYL 2,4,5-TRICHLOROBIPHENYL 15862-07-4 C12H7Cl3
Heptachlor- endo- epoxide(trans-,isomer A) Heptachlor- endo- epoxide(trans-,isomer A) 28044-83-9 C10H5Cl7O
N-Methyldioctadecylamine N-Methyldioctadecylamine 4088-22-6 C37H77N
GUANERAN GUANERAN 5581-52-2 C9H8N8O2S
Chloramphenicol sodium succinate Chloramphenicol sodium succinate 982-57-0 C15H15Cl2N2O8.Na
BROMOCHLOROACETIC ACID BROMOCHLOROACETIC ACID 5589-96-8 C2H2BrClO2
4-ETHOXYMETHYLENE-2-PHENYL-2-OXAZOLIN-5-ONE 4-ETHOXYMETHYLENE-2-PHENYL-2-OXAZOLIN-5-ONE 15646-46-5 C12H11NO3
2,2',3,4,4',5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL 2,2',3,4,4',5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL 35065-28-2 C12H4Cl6
10,11-DIHYDRO-10-HYDROXYCARBAZEPINE 10,11-DIHYDRO-10-HYDROXYCARBAZEPINE 29331-92-8 C15H14N2O2
ALLIDOCHLOR ALLIDOCHLOR 93-71-0 C8H12ClNO
DOTHIEPIN HCL DOTHIEPIN HCL 897-15-4 C19H22ClNS
TRANS-4,4'-DIPHENYLSTILBENE TRANS-4,4'-DIPHENYLSTILBENE 2039-68-1 C26H20
TRIETHYLTIN CHLORIDE TRIETHYLTIN CHLORIDE 994-31-0 C6H15ClSn
BENZATHINE PENICILLINE G TETRAHYDRATE BENZATHINE PENICILLINE G TETRAHYDRATE 41372-02-5 C32H38N4O4S
4-(4-Chloro-benzyl)-2H-phthalazin-1-one 4-(4-Chloro-benzyl)-2H-phthalazin-1-one 53242-88-9 C15H11ClN2O
2,5-PYRIDINEDICARBOXYLIC ACID DI-N-PROPYL ESTER 2,5-PYRIDINEDICARBOXYLIC ACID DI-N-PROPYL ESTER 136-45-8 C13H17NO4
2,3-DINITROTOLUENE 2,3-DINITROTOLUENE 602-01-7 C7H6N2O4
Milbemycin oxime Milbemycin oxime 129496-10-2 2C32H45NO7.2C31H43NO7
SODIUM METATUNGSTATE SODIUM METATUNGSTATE 12141-67-2 NaO40W12(-5)
O-(2,3,4,5,6-PENTAFLUOROBENZYL)FORMALDOXIME O-(2,3,4,5,6-PENTAFLUOROBENZYL)FORMALDOXIME 86356-73-2 C8H4F5NO
M-TOLUALDEHYDE 2,4-DINITROPHENYLHYDRAZONE M-TOLUALDEHYDE 2,4-DINITROPHENYLHYDRAZONE 2880-05-9 C14H12N4O4
3-HYDROXY-P-BUTYROPHENETIDINE 3-HYDROXY-P-BUTYROPHENETIDINE 1083-57-4 C12H17NO3
LINOELAIDIC ACID LINOELAIDIC ACID 506-21-8 C18H32O2
DIGOXIGENIN DIGOXIGENIN 1672-46-4 C23H34O5
16-DOXYL-STEARIC ACID 16-DOXYL-STEARIC ACID 53034-38-1 C22H42NO4*
2,6-DIMETHYL-4-NITROSOPHENOL 2,6-DIMETHYL-4-NITROSOPHENOL 14818-35-0 C12H16O2
Zeranol Zeranol 26538-44-3 C18H26O5
N-METHYL-N-TRIMETHYLSILYLHEPTAFLUOROBUTYRAMIDE N-METHYL-N-TRIMETHYLSILYLHEPTAFLUOROBUTYRAMIDE 53296-64-3 C8H12F7NOSi
SCHRADAN SCHRADAN 152-16-9 C8H24N4O3P2
SEPHADEX G-25 SEPHADEX G-25 9041-35-4 NULL
DIBENZO(A,E)PYRENE DIBENZO(A,E)PYRENE 192-65-4 C24H14
4-Hydroxytolbutamide 4-Hydroxytolbutamide 5719-85-7 C12H18N2O4S
ALPRENOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE ALPRENOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE 13707-88-5 C15H24ClNO2
MALEIC ACID MONOSODIUM SALT MALEIC ACID MONOSODIUM SALT 3105-55-3 C4H3NaO4
(-)-NOE'S REAGENT (-)-NOE'S REAGENT 108031-79-4 C24H38O3
Flufenacet Flufenacet 142459-58-3 C14H13F4N3O2S
Cythioate Cythioate 115-93-5 C8H12NO5PS2
THIOTHIAMINE THIOTHIAMINE 299-35-4 C12H16N4OS2
3,3,5,5-TETRAMETHYL-1-PYRROLINE N-OXIDE 3,3,5,5-TETRAMETHYL-1-PYRROLINE N-OXIDE 10135-38-3 C8H15NO
OXYCODONE HYDROCHLORIDE OXYCODONE HYDROCHLORIDE 124-90-3 C18H22ClNO4
1,3-DIHYDROXYACETONE DIMER 1,3-DIHYDROXYACETONE DIMER 26776-70-5 C3H6O3
Methohexital Methohexital 151-83-7 C14H18N2O3
2,2',5,5'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL 2,2',5,5'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL 35693-99-3 C12H6Cl4
3,4-Dichlorobiphenyl 3,4-Dichlorobiphenyl 2974-92-7 C12H8Cl2
ETHIPROLE ETHIPROLE 181587-01-9 C13H9Cl2F3N4OS
2-Benzhydrylsulphinylacetic acid 2-Benzhydrylsulphinylacetic acid 63547-24-0 C15H14O3S
2-Methylamino-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)propan-1-one-hydrochloridepropan-1-one-hydrochloride 2-Methylamino-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)propan-1-one-hydrochloridepropan-1-one-hydrochloride 186028-80-8 C11H14ClNO3
1,2-DIPALMITOYL-RAC-GLYCEROL 1,2-DIPALMITOYL-RAC-GLYCEROL 40290-32-2 C35H68O5
2,2',4,5,5'-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL 2,2',4,5,5'-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL 37680-73-2 C12H5Cl5
MYRISTOYL CHOLINE CHLORIDE MYRISTOYL CHOLINE CHLORIDE 4277-89-8 C19H40ClNO2
ALBENDAZOLE SULFONE ALBENDAZOLE SULFONE 75184-71-3 C12H15N3O4S
ENTEROKINASE ENTEROKINASE 9014-74-8 NULL
AMBERLITE CG-50 AMBERLITE CG-50 9042-11-9 N/A
METHYL HENEICOSANOATE METHYL HENEICOSANOATE 6064-90-0 C22H44O2
4-BUTYL-4-[HYDROXYMETHYL]-1,2-DIPHENYL-3,5-PYRAZOLIDINEDIONE HYDROGEN SUCCINATE [ESTER] 4-BUTYL-4-[HYDROXYMETHYL]-1,2-DIPHENYL-3,5-PYRAZOLIDINEDIONE HYDROGEN SUCCINATE [ESTER] 27470-51-5 C24H26N2O6
O,P'-DDE O,P'-DDE 3424-82-6 C14H8Cl4
2,4-DICHLOROBIPHENYL 2,4-DICHLOROBIPHENYL 33284-50-3 C12H8Cl2
(+)-ISOMENTHOL (+)-ISOMENTHOL 23283-97-8 C10H20O
2,2',4,4',5,5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL 2,2',4,4',5,5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL 35065-27-1 C12H4Cl6
4-tert-Butyl-2-chlorophenol 4-tert-Butyl-2-chlorophenol 98-28-2 C10H13ClO
PAXILLINE PAXILLINE 57186-25-1 C27H33NO4
AMBERLYST(R) A-21 AMBERLYST(R) A-21 9049-93-8 C12H20O2
DITHIOPYR DITHIOPYR 97886-45-8 C15H16F5NO2S2
2-METHOXY-2,4-DIPHENYL-3(2H)-FURANONE 2-METHOXY-2,4-DIPHENYL-3(2H)-FURANONE 50632-57-0 C17H14O3
MYRISTOLEIC ACID MYRISTOLEIC ACID 544-64-9 C14H26O2
GAMMA-LINOLENIC ACID METHYL ESTER GAMMA-LINOLENIC ACID METHYL ESTER 16326-32-2 C19H32O2
CORTISOL 17-VALERATE CORTISOL 17-VALERATE 57524-89-7 C26H38O6
ANILINE HYDROGEN PHTHALATE ANILINE HYDROGEN PHTHALATE 50930-79-5 C14H13NO4
HYDROXYZINE PAMOATE HYDROXYZINE PAMOATE 10246-75-0 C44H43ClN2O8
SUNFLOWER SEED OIL SUNFLOWER SEED OIL 8001-21-6 NULL
1-(2-[4-Chlorophenoxy]acetyl)-4-(3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl)piperazine 1-(2-[4-Chlorophenoxy]acetyl)-4-(3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl)piperazine 34161-24-5 C20H21ClN2O4
(-)-TERPINEN-4-OL (-)-TERPINEN-4-OL 20126-76-5 C10H18O
N,N-Dimethyldodecanamide N,N-Dimethyldodecanamide 3007-53-2 C14H29NO
SEPHADEX G-10 SEPHADEX G-10 9050-68-4 C13H10BrN3O2
O-TOLUALDEHYDE 2,4-DINITROPHENYLHYDRAZONE O-TOLUALDEHYDE 2,4-DINITROPHENYLHYDRAZONE 1773-44-0 C14H12N4O4
BENZALDEHYDE 2,4-DINITROPHENYLHYDRAZONE BENZALDEHYDE 2,4-DINITROPHENYLHYDRAZONE 1157-84-2 C13H10N4O4
5-Ethyl-2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-1H-imidazolin-2-yl)nicotinic acid 5-Ethyl-2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-1H-imidazolin-2-yl)nicotinic acid 81385-77-5 C32H24O3S
CHONDROITIN SULFATE B SODIUM SALT CHONDROITIN SULFATE B SODIUM SALT 54328-33-5 NULL
ETHYL METHYL KETONE 2,4-DINITROPHENYLHYDRAZONE ETHYL METHYL KETONE 2,4-DINITROPHENYLHYDRAZONE 958-60-1 C10H12N4O4
DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN 19902-91-1 C15H16O5
2,4,5,6-TETRACHLORO-M-XYLENE 2,4,5,6-TETRACHLORO-M-XYLENE 877-09-8 C8H6Cl4
CARBONIC ACID TERT-BUTYL PHTHALIMIDO ESTER CARBONIC ACID TERT-BUTYL PHTHALIMIDO ESTER 15263-20-4 C13H13NO5
AMBERLITE XAD-7 AMBERLITE XAD-7 37380-43-1 N/A
DIBENZO[B,DEF]CHRYSENE DIBENZO[B,DEF]CHRYSENE 189-64-0 C24H14
ALPHA,ALPHA'-BIS(4-HYDROXYPHENYL)-1,4-DIISOPROPYLBENZENE ALPHA,ALPHA'-BIS(4-HYDROXYPHENYL)-1,4-DIISOPROPYLBENZENE 2167-51-3 C24H26O2
N-NITROSOPIPERIDINE N-NITROSOPIPERIDINE 100-75-4 C5H10N2O
CIS-11-OCTADECENOIC ACID METHYL ESTER CIS-11-OCTADECENOIC ACID METHYL ESTER 1937-63-9 C19H36O2
Rilmenidine phosphate Rilmenidine phosphate 85409-38-7 C10H19N2O5P
2,4,6-TRICHLOROANISOLE 2,4,6-TRICHLOROANISOLE 87-40-1 C7H5Cl3O
ETHYLHYDROCUPREINE HYDROCHLORIDE ETHYLHYDROCUPREINE HYDROCHLORIDE 3413-58-9 C21H29ClN2O2
DIBENZO(A,I)PYRENE DIBENZO(A,I)PYRENE 191-30-0 C24H14
(+)-TERPINEN-4-OL (+)-TERPINEN-4-OL 2438-10-0 C10H18O
1(ALPHA) 25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D2* 1(ALPHA) 25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D2* 60133-18-8 C28H44O3
SODIUM CHOLATE HYDRATE, BIOCHEMIKA, >= 9 SODIUM CHOLATE HYDRATE, BIOCHEMIKA, >= 9 206986-87-0 C24H43NaO6
JP-TS AVIATION FUEL JP-TS AVIATION FUEL 64742-47-8
Demethyl tetrandrine Demethyl tetrandrine 33889-68-8 C37H40N2O6
(-)-ALPHA-BISABOLOL (-)-ALPHA-BISABOLOL 23089-26-1 C15H26O
4,4'-DDA 4,4'-DDA 83-05-6 C14H10Cl2O2
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