Pyridine derivatives

The important pyridine derivatives include niacin, nicotinamide, isonicotinoylhydrazine, nicotine, strychnine, and vitamin B6.

Vitamin B6 is a class of tetrasubstituted pyridine derivatives with coenzyme function, used clinically for the treatment of vomiting of pregnancy, radioactive vomiting, isoniazid poisoning, seborrheic dermatitis and pellagra, etc.

Pyridine is a kind of colorless or slightly yellow liquid with an alkalescence and special odor, naturally present in coal tar, shale oil, coal gas and petroleum. Miscible with water, alcohols, ethers, petroleum ether, oils, benzene, chloroform and most of other organic solvents, pyridine is an important chemical raw materials and solvents.

Similar to benzene with the same electronic structure pyridine has an almost hexagonal structure. The electron density of 2, 4, 6 sites is lower than that of 3, 5 sites due to the electronic absorption of nitrogen atoms in the ring. Therefore, in an acidic medium, electrophilic substitution reactions occur in the 3,5 positions and nucleophilic reactions such as amination, alkylation, arylation, acylation occur on the 2,4,6 position. Pyridine is a weak tertiary amine that can generate water-insoluble salts with various acids such as picric acid and perchloric acid in an ethanol solution; and pyridine hydrochloride ( C5H5N • HCl) can be generated by hydrochloric acid with pyridine due to its alkalescence. Piperidine can be generated from the hydrogenation of pyridine under the catalysis of nickel at 200 ℃ and 15 ~ 30MPa, or from the electrolysis reduction. It's relatively easier to be reduced but more difficult to be oxidized than benzene. But it can be oxidized by hydrogen peroxide or peroxy acids to form pyridine N-oxide, which is an important pyridine derivative.  Pyridine N-oxide can’t form a positively charged pyridinium cation after the oxidation of nitrogen atoms, which is therefore in favor of electrophilic substitution reaction of aryl group. Electrophilic substitution reactions of pyridine such as pyridine nitration, sulfonation and halogenation are difficult. But 3,5-dichloro-pyridine, or 3,4.5- trichloro pyridine can be obtained at more than 200 ℃ through halogenation which is slightly easier than the former two. Pyridine can form crystalline coordination compounds with various metal ions.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
1-Hexadecylpyridinium bromide 1-Hexadecylpyridinium bromide 140-72-7 C21H38BrN
4-(Trifluoromethyl)nicotinic acid 4-(Trifluoromethyl)nicotinic acid 158063-66-2 C7H4F3NO2
Pyridine hydrochloride Pyridine hydrochloride 628-13-7 C5H5N.ClH
2-Hydroxynicotinic acid 2-Hydroxynicotinic acid 609-71-2 C6H5NO3
4,4'-DIBROMO-2,2'-BIPYRIDINE 4,4'-DIBROMO-2,2'-BIPYRIDINE 18511-71-2 C10H6Br2N2
3-Bromo-5-methoxypyridine 3-Bromo-5-methoxypyridine 50720-12-2 C6H6BrNO
2-Bromo-6-methoxypyridine 2-Bromo-6-methoxypyridine 40473-07-2 C6H6BrNO
Methyl 2-aminopyridine-4-carboxylate Methyl 2-aminopyridine-4-carboxylate 6937-03-7 C7H8N2O2
Pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid Pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid 499-83-2 C7H5NO4
Isonicotinic acid Isonicotinic acid 55-22-1 C6H5NO2
(2-Chloro-3-pyridinyl)methanol (2-Chloro-3-pyridinyl)methanol 42330-59-6 C6H6ClNO
4-Acetylpyridine 4-Acetylpyridine 1122-54-9 C7H7NO
3,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid 3,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid 499-81-0 C7H5NO4
5-Bromopicolinic acid 5-Bromopicolinic acid 30766-11-1 C6H4BrNO2
2-Methoxy-5-pyridineboronic acid 2-Methoxy-5-pyridineboronic acid 163105-89-3 C6H8BNO3
2-Amino-3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde 2-Amino-3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde 7521-41-7 C6H6N2O
6-Fluoronicotinic acid 6-Fluoronicotinic acid 403-45-2 C6H4FNO2
3-Pyridylacetic acid hydrochloride 3-Pyridylacetic acid hydrochloride 6419-36-9 C7H8ClNO2
Nipecotic acid Nipecotic acid 498-95-3 C6H11NO2
N-Boc-3-pyrrolidinone N-Boc-3-pyrrolidinone 101385-93-7 C9H15NO3
2-Bromopyridine-4-carboxylic acid 2-Bromopyridine-4-carboxylic acid 66572-56-3 C6H4BrNO2
2,6-Dichloro-5-fluoronicotinic acid 2,6-Dichloro-5-fluoronicotinic acid 82671-06-5 C6H2Cl2FNO2
2-(Hydroxymethyl)pyridine 2-(Hydroxymethyl)pyridine 586-98-1 C6H7NO
2-Methoxypyridine 2-Methoxypyridine 1628-89-3 C6H7NO
6-(Trifluoromethyl)nicotinic acid 6-(Trifluoromethyl)nicotinic acid 231291-22-8 C7H4F3NO2
4,4'-Dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl 4,4'-Dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl 1134-35-6 C12H12N2
5-Chloro-7-azaindole 5-Chloro-7-azaindole 866546-07-8 C7H5ClN2
4-Chloronicotinic acid 4-Chloronicotinic acid 10177-29-4 C6H4ClNO2
2-Chloro-3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde 2-Chloro-3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde 36404-88-3 C6H4ClNO
3-Bromoisonicotinic acid 3-Bromoisonicotinic acid 13959-02-9 C6H4BrNO2
2-Chloro-4-pyridinecarboxylic acid 2-Chloro-4-pyridinecarboxylic acid 6313-54-8 C6H4ClNO2
2,5-Dichloroisonicotinic acid 2,5-Dichloroisonicotinic acid 88912-26-9 C6H3Cl2NO2
Pyridinium chlorochromate Pyridinium chlorochromate 26299-14-9 C5H6ClCrNO3
2-Fluoronicotinic acid 2-Fluoronicotinic acid 393-55-5 C6H4FNO2
6-Bromopicolinic acid 6-Bromopicolinic acid 21190-87-4 C6H4BrNO2
1-Methylpiperidin-4-amine 1-Methylpiperidin-4-amine 41838-46-4 C6H14N2
2-Hydroxy-5-pyridinecarboxylic acid 2-Hydroxy-5-pyridinecarboxylic acid 5006-66-6 C6H5NO3
2,2'-Bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid 2,2'-Bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid 6813-38-3 C12H8N2O4
5,6-Dichloronicotinic acid 5,6-Dichloronicotinic acid 41667-95-2 C6H3Cl2NO2
2-Bromopyridine-5-carbaldehyde 2-Bromopyridine-5-carbaldehyde 149806-06-4 C6H4BrNO
5-Fluoronicotinic acid 5-Fluoronicotinic acid 402-66-4 C6H4FNO2
2-Chloro-6-methoxypyridine 2-Chloro-6-methoxypyridine 17228-64-7 C6H6ClNO
2,5-PYRIDINEDICARBOXYLIC ACID 2,5-PYRIDINEDICARBOXYLIC ACID 100-26-5 C7H5NO4
N-Methyl-4-chloropyridine-2-carboxamide N-Methyl-4-chloropyridine-2-carboxamide 220000-87-3 C7H7ClN2O
2,6-Pyridinedimethanol 2,6-Pyridinedimethanol 1195-59-1 C7H9NO2
Ethyl picolinate Ethyl picolinate 2524-52-9 C8H9NO2
DBU DBU 6674-22-2 C9H16N2
Methyl 6-aminonicotinate Methyl 6-aminonicotinate 36052-24-1 C7H8N2O2
Cyclopenta[b]pyridine Cyclopenta[b]pyridine 533-37-9 C8H9N
5-Bromo-7-azaindole 5-Bromo-7-azaindole 183208-35-7 C7H5BrN2
3,4-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid 3,4-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid 490-11-9 C7H5NO4
4-Chloropyridine-2-carboxylic acid 4-Chloropyridine-2-carboxylic acid 5470-22-4 C6H4ClNO2
5-Hydroxynicotinic acid 5-Hydroxynicotinic acid 27828-71-3 C6H5NO3
5-Bromo-2-methoxypyridine 5-Bromo-2-methoxypyridine 13472-85-0 C6H6BrNO
6-Methylpyridine-2-carbonitrile 6-Methylpyridine-2-carbonitrile 1620-75-3 C7H6N2
3-BROMOPYRIDINE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID 3-BROMOPYRIDINE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID 30683-23-9 C6H4BrNO2
PYRIDINE-2-CARBOXAMIDE PYRIDINE-2-CARBOXAMIDE 1452-77-3 C6H6N2O
2-Vinylpyridine 2-Vinylpyridine 100-69-6 C7H7N
4-IODO-2-METHOXYPYRIDINE 4-IODO-2-METHOXYPYRIDINE 98197-72-9 C6H6INO
2-Chloro-6-trifluoromethylnicotinic acid 2-Chloro-6-trifluoromethylnicotinic acid 280566-45-2 C7H3ClF3NO2
2-Methoxynicotinic acid 2-Methoxynicotinic acid 16498-81-0 C7H7NO3
N-Methylpyrrole-2-carboxylic acid N-Methylpyrrole-2-carboxylic acid 6973-60-0 C6H7NO2
2-Amino-6-methoxypyridine 2-Amino-6-methoxypyridine 17920-35-3 C6H8N2O
IMIDAZO[1,2-A]PYRIDINE-8-CARBOXYLIC ACID IMIDAZO[1,2-A]PYRIDINE-8-CARBOXYLIC ACID 133427-08-4 C8H6N2O2
6-Methoxynicotinic acid 6-Methoxynicotinic acid 66572-55-2 C7H7NO3
Methyl 2-amino-5-bromonicotinate Methyl 2-amino-5-bromonicotinate 50735-34-7 C7H7BrN2O2
Methyl 2-chloro-6-methylpyridine-4-carboxylate Methyl 2-chloro-6-methylpyridine-4-carboxylate 3998-90-1 C8H8ClNO2
2-Bromo-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine 2-Bromo-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine 50488-42-1 C6H3BrF3N
6-Bromonicotinic acid 6-Bromonicotinic acid 6311-35-9 C6H4BrNO2
1-Acetyl-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid 1-Acetyl-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid 25503-90-6 C8H13NO3
2-Picolinic acid 2-Picolinic acid 98-98-6 C6H5NO2
2-Fluoroisonicotinic acid 2-Fluoroisonicotinic acid 402-65-3 C6H4FNO2
4-Pyridylcarbinol 4-Pyridylcarbinol 586-95-8 C6H7NO
2-(Trifluoromethyl)nicotinic acid 2-(Trifluoromethyl)nicotinic acid 131747-43-8 C7H4F3NO2
5-Pyrimidinylboronic acid 5-Pyrimidinylboronic acid 109299-78-7 C4H5BN2O2
Isonicotinamide Isonicotinamide 1453-82-3 C6H6N2O
5-Bromopyridine-2-carbaldehyde 5-Bromopyridine-2-carbaldehyde 31181-90-5 C6H4BrNO
6-CHLORO-1H-PYRROLO[2,3-B]PYRIDINE 6-CHLORO-1H-PYRROLO[2,3-B]PYRIDINE 55052-27-2 C7H5ClN2
4-Methoxypyridine 4-Methoxypyridine 620-08-6 C6H7NO
2-Methoxy-5-nitropyridine 2-Methoxy-5-nitropyridine 5446-92-4 C6H6N2O3
4-Methoxypyridine N-oxide 4-Methoxypyridine N-oxide 1122-96-9 C6H7NO2
1-(4-Pyridyl)piperazine 1-(4-Pyridyl)piperazine 1008-91-9 C9H13N3
4-Amino-2-methoxypyridine 4-Amino-2-methoxypyridine 20265-39-8 C6H8N2O
3-Pyridylboronic acid 3-Pyridylboronic acid 1692-25-7 C5H6BNO2
DIMETHYL 2,6-PYRIDINEDICARBOXYLATE DIMETHYL 2,6-PYRIDINEDICARBOXYLATE 5453-67-8 C9H9NO4
2-Bromo-3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine 2-Bromo-3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine 75806-84-7 C6H2BrClF3N
3-Chloropyridine-2-carboxylic acid 3-Chloropyridine-2-carboxylic acid 57266-69-0 C6H4ClNO2
3-Iodo-2-methoxypyridine 3-Iodo-2-methoxypyridine 112197-15-6 C6H6INO
4-N-BOC-Aminopiperidine 4-N-BOC-Aminopiperidine 73874-95-0 C10H20N2O2
5-Bromonicotinonitrile 5-Bromonicotinonitrile 35590-37-5 C6H3BrN2
4-Phenylpiperidine 4-Phenylpiperidine 771-99-3 C11H15N
2-Bromonicotinic acid 2-Bromonicotinic acid 35905-85-2 C6H4BrNO2
Pyridine hydrofluoride Pyridine hydrofluoride 32001-55-1 C5H6FN
5-Amino-2-methoxypyridine 5-Amino-2-methoxypyridine 6628-77-9 C6H8N2O
2-Pyridylacetonitrile 2-Pyridylacetonitrile 2739-97-1 C7H6N2
5-Chloro-6-hydroxy-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid 5-Chloro-6-hydroxy-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid 54127-63-8 C6H4ClNO3
2,3-DIBROMO-5-METHYLPYRIDINE 2,3-DIBROMO-5-METHYLPYRIDINE 29232-39-1 C6H5Br2N
2-Chloronicotinamide 2-Chloronicotinamide 10366-35-5 C6H5ClN2O
Methyl 6-methylnicotinate Methyl 6-methylnicotinate 5470-70-2 C8H9NO2
METHYL 2-CHLOROISONICOTINATE METHYL 2-CHLOROISONICOTINATE 58481-11-1 C7H6ClNO2
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