Antihypertensive drugs

Blood pressure refers to the pressure of the blood on the blood vessel wall during its flow. Hypertension refers to that the arterial blood pressure (represented by the elbow brachial artery pressure) is higher than normal value. Owing to the different levels of health care in various countries and regions of the world, the decided hypertension range is also different. The standards in our country are: In the absence of administration of antihypertensive drugs, upon the case of systolic blood pressure being ≥140 mm Hg (18.6 × 103 Pa) or the diastolic blood pressure of ≥90 mm Hg (12.0 × 103 Pa), the patients should be deemed (or diagnosed) to get hypertension.

Clinically hypertension can be divided into two categories, one is the hypertension with unknown etiology, called "essential hypertension", also known as "hypertension disease"; the other one is the hypertension of clear cause such as hypertension caused by nephritis, brain tumors and other diseases with high blood pressure being only a symptom of these diseases, thus being called "secondary hypertension", also known as "symptomatic hypertension." What will be introduced here is mainly the former, namely hypertension. In Chinese medicine, it is classified into "Vertigo", "headache" category.

Antihypertensive drugs are drugs for the treatment of hypertension. It is also known as hypotensor. Rational application of antihypertensive drugs can not only make high blood pressure under control but can also reduce or eliminate the subjective symptoms caused by hypertension. Long-term administration can also reduce the complications of hypertension, such as stroke, cerebral infarction, myocardial infarction, heart failure and renal insufficiency, thus extending the life of the patient. Currently, there are over 350 kinds of anti-hypertension drug in total developed all around the world. But only over 100 species are available for the clinical application, of which 10 kinds have been respectively recommended by WHO (1985) and the National High Blood Pressure Education Commission (1988) to be used commonly anti-hypertensive drugs. Antihypertensive drugs, according to different mechanism of action, can be divided into diuretics, sympathetic blockers, vasodilators, calcium antagonists and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors five categories. In recent years, it has been also developed of potassium channel openers and serotonin type II receptor antagonists as novel anti-hypertensive drugs available with some of them still being under study and some having entered clinical trial stage. Different types of anti-hypertensive drugs, because of the different principles of action, have quite differences on the impact on hemodynamics, pharmacological effects and clinical applications (see the relevant terms).
However, an excellent anti-hypertensive drug should have the following properties: excellent gastrointestinal absorption, significant and long-lasting antihypertensive effect, not causing orthostatic hypotension and reflex tachycardia after medication, having no significant adverse reactions and toxicity, not causing blood renin activity, having no sodium retention, non-resistance, and having compatibility with other drugs. So far there have been yet no kinds of anti-hypertensive drugs that can meet all these requirements. Clinicians can properly select them according to the specific characteristics of the drug and the patient's exact conditions. In case of consideration of combination therapy, we refer to their similarities and differences, taking advantage of each other while reducing the adverse effects and enhancing the efficacy.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
Ethyl -2-ethoxy-1-[[(2-(1Htetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl-) methyl] Ethyl -2-ethoxy-1-[[(2-(1Htetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl-) methyl] 139481-58-6 C26H24N6O3
Benazepril Benazepril 86541-75-5 C24H28N2O5
Nebivolol Nebivolol 118457-14-0 C22H25F2NO4
Cilazapril Cilazapril 88768-40-5 C22H31N3O5
Valsartan Related Compound A Valsartan Related Compound A 137862-87-4 C24H29N5O3
Alacepril Alacepril 74258-86-9 C20H26N2O5S
Terazosin hydrochloride Terazosin hydrochloride 63074-08-8 C19H26ClN5O4
GUANABENZ ACETATE GUANABENZ ACETATE 23256-50-0 C10H12Cl2N4O2
Fulvic acid Fulvic acid 479-66-3 C14H12O8
Evening primrose oil Evening primrose oil 90028-66-3
Losartan carboxylic acid Losartan carboxylic acid 124750-92-1 C22H21ClN6O2
Fenoldopam Fenoldopam 67227-56-9 C16H16ClNO3
(S)-3-[(S)-2-((S)-1-ETHOXYCARBONYL-3-PHENYL-PROPYLAMINO)-PROPIONYL]-1-METHYL-2-OXO-IMIDAZOLIDINE-4-CARBOXYLIC ACID (S)-3-[(S)-2-((S)-1-ETHOXYCARBONYL-3-PHENYL-PROPYLAMINO)-PROPIONYL]-1-METHYL-2-OXO-IMIDAZOLIDINE-4-CARBOXYLIC ACID 89396-94-1 C20H27N3O6
Pargyline Pargyline 555-57-7 C11H13N
Prazosin Prazosin 19216-56-9 C19H21N5O4
Labetalol hydrochloride Labetalol hydrochloride 32780-64-6 C19H25ClN2O3
SARALASIN SARALASIN 34273-10-4 C42H65N13O10
GUANFACINE HCL GUANFACINE HCL 29110-48-3 C9H10Cl3N3O
Perindoprilat Perindoprilat 95153-31-4 C17H28N2O5
Lofexidine hydrochloride Lofexidine hydrochloride 21498-08-8 C11H13Cl3N2O
Deserpidine Deserpidine 131-01-1 C32H38N2O8
Quinapril Quinapril 85441-61-8 C25H30N2O5
Ophthazin Ophthazin 484-23-1 C8H10N6
Cadralazine Cadralazine 64241-34-5 C12H21N5O3
2,4-DIAMINO-6,7-DIMETHYLPTERIDINE 2,4-DIAMINO-6,7-DIMETHYLPTERIDINE 1425-63-4 C8H10N6
Zofenopril Zofenopril 81872-10-8 C22H23NO4S2
DROXIDOPA DROXIDOPA 23651-95-8 C9H11NO5
Hydralazine Hydralazine 86-54-4 C8H8N4
Bunazosin Bunazosin 80755-51-7 C19H27N5O3
Dihydralazine sulphate Dihydralazine sulphate 7327-87-9 C8H12N6O4S
DELAPRIL DELAPRIL 83435-66-9 C26H32N2O5
Moveltipril Moveltipril 85856-54-8 C19H30N2O5S
GUANETHIDINE SULFATE GUANETHIDINE SULFATE 645-43-2 C10H24N4O4S
GUANABENZ GUANABENZ 5051-62-7 C8H8Cl2N4
Lofexidine Lofexidine 31036-80-3 C11H12Cl2N2O
PENTOLINIUM TARTRATE PENTOLINIUM TARTRATE 52-62-0 C23H42N2O12
Guanfacine Guanfacine 29110-47-2 C9H9Cl2N3O
methyl(2,3,3-trimethyltrinorbornan-2-yl)amine methyl(2,3,3-trimethyltrinorbornan-2-yl)amine 60-40-2 C11H21N
trimetaphan camsilate trimetaphan camsilate 68-91-7 C22H25N2OS.C10H16O4S
Valsartan Valsartan 137863-60-6 C24H29N5O3
GUANOXAN SULFATE GUANOXAN SULFATE 5714-04-5 2C10H13N3O2.H2O4S
Guanoxan Guanoxan 2165-19-7 C10H13N3O2
Budralazine Budralazine 36798-79-5 C14H16N4
3,12-DIHYDROXY-NOR-CHOLANYLDIPHENYLCARBINOL 3,12-DIHYDROXY-NOR-CHOLANYLDIPHENYLCARBINOL 83116-96-5 C36H50O3
DOXAZOSIN MESILATE DOXAZOSIN MESILATE C24H29N5O8S
RILMENIDINE FOR SYSTEM SUITABILITY RILMENIDINE FOR SYSTEM SUITABILITY
Trandolaprilat Trandolaprilat 87679-71-8 C22H30N2O5
CILAZAPRIL CILAZAPRIL 92077-78-6 C22H33N3O6
Bendazol Bendazol 21-72-7
Spirapril Spirapril 83647-97-6 C22H30N2O5S2
CLONIDINE CLONIDINE 4205-90-7 C9H9Cl2N3
Ramiprilat Ramiprilat 87269-97-4 C21H28N2O5
guanethidine guanethidine 55-65-2 C10H22N4
Bunazosin hydrochloride Bunazosin hydrochloride 52712-76-2 C19H28ClN5O3
VERATRINE VERATRINE 8051-02-3 C36H51NO11
Betanidine Betanidine 55-73-2 C10H15N3
Guanoxan sulfate Guanoxan sulfate
benazepril hydrochloride benazepril hydrochloride 215447-90-8 C24H28N2O5HCl
Cryptenamine Cryptenamine
Fulvic acid sodium Fulvic acid sodium
Evening primrose oil Evening primrose oil 65546-85-2
Guanadrel Guanadrel 40580-59-4 C10H19N3O2
guanoclor guanoclor 5001-32-1 C9H12Cl2N4O
Lisinopril Lisinopril 76547-98-3 C21H31N3O5
Indoramin Indoramin 26844-12-2 C22H25N3O
FLOSEQUINAN FLOSEQUINAN 76568-02-0 C11H10FNO2S
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