Organic reagents

From early AD to mid-19 century, people mainly use the natural organic substance (such as animal and plant extracts) for qualitative analysis or quantitative analysis. From the second half of the 19th century to the 1920s, it had begun to appear of artificially synthetic organic reagent such as using potassium acetate xanthan for test of nickel, copper, and molybdenum; using morin for test of aluminum; using diazo coupling reaction for the detection of Nitrite; using α-β-nitroso naphthol for detection of cobalt; using dimethyglyoxime for nickel test.

After the proposal of the special-effects group in the 1930s and the proposal of theoretical analysis of functional groups theory in 1950s, people had carried out large-scale screen of organic reagents in search of special-effects analysis groups for different ions and had successfully synthesized a lot of agents of practical value (such as copper reagents, new copper agent, cadmium reagents, beryllium reagent, thorium reagents, etc.). Before the 1950s, the complex compound, in analytic chemistry, is mainly used in the aspects of the precipitation reaction of a binary chelate for the qualitative detection, precipitate isolation and gravimetric separation and other aspects. In the early 1950s and 1960, it is mainly in the form of complexometric titration. From the beginning of the late 1960s, the main focus has been moved to the photometric analysis. Meanwhile, it has been also developed of chelate organic solvent extraction.

8-hydroxy quinoline, hydrazones, oximes, hydroxamic acids, polyphenols, 1, 10-phenanthroline, phosphorus-oxygen extractant, β- diketones, triphenylmethane acid dye, xanthene dyes and azo dyes and other agents has all been widely studied and applied. On the other hand, the structural theoretical research (such as electronic effects, spatial effects and substituent effects) of the organic reagent can further facilitate the development of new-type organic reagents such as heterocyclic azo reagent. During this period, it has been also developed of monoazo chromotropic acid-type and disazo chromotropic acid-type reagent. During the mid-1970s, the chelating resin and adsorbents have achieved rapid development. Since the 1980s, Chinese researchers of analytical chemistry have made progress in the field of the synthesis and application of asymmetric disazo chromotropic acid.

Organic chemical reagents have wide application in analytic chemistry and are mainly used in solvents, precipitation agents, complexing agents, indicator, coloring reagent and surface active agent, etc. In order to adapt to a variety of analytical needs, sometimes it is required to purify certain reagents. For example, liquid organic reagent is often purified by distillation while solid substance is often purified through crystallization and sublimation. Substance having a high vapor pressure, namely having low purification boiling point and undergoing no decomposition under boiling temperature commonly applied atmospheric distillation; for less volatile and water-insoluble substance, namely having high purification point or undergoing decomposition under boiling temperature, we can apply vacuum distillation or steam distillation for purification of it.

Distillation is a commonly used method for laboratory purification of organic reagent. Conventional distillation apparatus generally comprises distiller, condenser and receiver, three parts with auxiliary section also containing heater, a thermometer, a wetted tube and cork.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
o-Anisaldehyde o-Anisaldehyde 135-02-4 C8H8O2
Ethyl 4-[[(ethylphenylamino)methylene]amino]benzoate Ethyl 4-[[(ethylphenylamino)methylene]amino]benzoate 65816-20-8 C18H20N2O2
Cycloheptanone Cycloheptanone 502-42-1 C7H12O
1,4-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid 1,4-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid 1076-97-7 C8H12O4
Methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate Methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate 333-27-7 C2H3F3O3S
3-Chloropropyltrimethoxysilane 3-Chloropropyltrimethoxysilane 2530-87-2 C6H15ClO3Si
2-amino-3-iodo-benzoic acid 2-amino-3-iodo-benzoic acid 20776-55-0 C7H6INO2
CAPRYLOHYDROXAMIC ACID CAPRYLOHYDROXAMIC ACID 7377-03-9 C8H17NO2
3-Methylsalicylic acid 3-Methylsalicylic acid 83-40-9 C8H8O3
Ethyl 4-iodobenzoate Ethyl 4-iodobenzoate 51934-41-9 C9H9IO2
Cyclopropanecarbonitrile Cyclopropanecarbonitrile 5500-21-0 C4H5N
2-METHYL-4-(TRIFLUOROMETHOXY)ANILINE 2-METHYL-4-(TRIFLUOROMETHOXY)ANILINE 86256-59-9 C8H8F3NO
3,5-DIMETHYLPYRAZOLE-4-BORONIC ACID, PINACOL ESTER 3,5-DIMETHYLPYRAZOLE-4-BORONIC ACID, PINACOL ESTER 857530-80-4 C11H19BN2O2
3-Aminopropanol 3-Aminopropanol 156-87-6 C3H9NO
5-Fluoro-2-nitrobenzoic acid 5-Fluoro-2-nitrobenzoic acid 320-98-9 C7H4FNO4
Triethyl orthopropionate Triethyl orthopropionate 115-80-0 C9H20O3
2,6-Dichlorobenzoyl chloride 2,6-Dichlorobenzoyl chloride 4659-45-4 C7H3Cl3O
Tetramethylammonium chloride Tetramethylammonium chloride 75-57-0 C4H12ClN
Benzhydrol Benzhydrol 91-01-0 C13H12O
5-Norbornene-2-carboxylic acid 5-Norbornene-2-carboxylic acid 120-74-1 C8H10O2
3,4-Dimethylaniline 3,4-Dimethylaniline 95-64-7 C8H11N
3,4-Dimethylphenylboronic acid 3,4-Dimethylphenylboronic acid 55499-43-9 C8H11BO2
11-Bromoundecanoic acid 11-Bromoundecanoic acid 2834-05-1 C11H21BrO2
S-BUTYRYLTHIOCHOLINE IODIDE S-BUTYRYLTHIOCHOLINE IODIDE 1866-16-6 C9H20INOS
3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane 919-30-2 C9H23NO3Si
3-Chloropropionyl chloride 3-Chloropropionyl chloride 625-36-5 C3H4Cl2O
Sodium 2,4,5-trichlorobenzenesulphonate Sodium 2,4,5-trichlorobenzenesulphonate 6378-25-2 C6H3Cl3O3S
3-Isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane 3-Isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane 24801-88-5 C10H21NO4Si
Cyclopentanone Cyclopentanone 120-92-3 C5H8O
2-Fluoro-4-methoxyacetophenone 2-Fluoro-4-methoxyacetophenone 74457-86-6 C9H9FO2
5-Fluoro-1-indanone 5-Fluoro-1-indanone 700-84-5 C9H7FO
1-Naphthylboronic acid 1-Naphthylboronic acid 13922-41-3 C10H9BO2
6-Bromo-2-naphthol 6-Bromo-2-naphthol 15231-91-1 C10H7BrO
1-Naphthoyl chloride 1-Naphthoyl chloride 879-18-5 C11H7ClO
2-METHYL-2-PROPENE-1-SULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT 2-METHYL-2-PROPENE-1-SULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT 1561-92-8 C4H9NaO3S
Pinacolborane Pinacolborane 25015-63-8 C6H13BO2
Allyl acetate Allyl acetate 591-87-7 C5H8O2
3,4-Dichlorobenzonitrile 3,4-Dichlorobenzonitrile 6574-99-8 C7H3Cl2N
Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate 2446-83-5 C8H14N2O4
2-Formylfuran-5-boronic acid 2-Formylfuran-5-boronic acid 27329-70-0 C5H5BO4
4-Fluoro-2-nitrobenzoic acid 4-Fluoro-2-nitrobenzoic acid 394-01-4 C7H4FNO4
4-Methoxyphenylboronic acid 4-Methoxyphenylboronic acid 5720-07-0 C7H9BO3
3-(Trifluoromethoxy)phenol 3-(Trifluoromethoxy)phenol 827-99-6 C7H5F3O2
1-Iodopropane 1-Iodopropane 107-08-4 C3H7I
1,3-Dicyclohexylthiourea 1,3-Dicyclohexylthiourea 1212-29-9 C13H24N2S
2-Aminobenzenethiol 2-Aminobenzenethiol 137-07-5 C6H7NS
Diethyl 1,1-cyclopropanedicarboxylate Diethyl 1,1-cyclopropanedicarboxylate 1559-02-0 C9H14O4
Cyclohexyl mercaptan Cyclohexyl mercaptan 1569-69-3 C6H12S
Allylbenzene Allylbenzene 300-57-2 C9H10
3-Aminophenol 3-Aminophenol 591-27-5 C6H7NO
4'-Hydroxypropiophenone 4'-Hydroxypropiophenone 70-70-2 C9H10O2
Isobutyryl chloride Isobutyryl chloride 79-30-1 C4H7ClO
Phenanthrene Phenanthrene 85-01-8 C14H10
4'-Chloroacetophenone 4'-Chloroacetophenone 99-91-2 C8H7ClO
4-Cyanophenylboronic acid 4-Cyanophenylboronic acid 126747-14-6 C7H6BNO2
2-Chloro-5-iodobenzoic acid 2-Chloro-5-iodobenzoic acid 19094-56-5 C7H4ClIO2
3,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde 3,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde 7311-34-4 C9H10O3
N,N'-Dicyclohexyl-4-morpholinecarboxamidine N,N'-Dicyclohexyl-4-morpholinecarboxamidine 4975-73-9 C17H31N3O
Methyl isobutyrylacetate Methyl isobutyrylacetate 42558-54-3 C7H12O3
Ethyl 3-bromopropionate Ethyl 3-bromopropionate 539-74-2 C5H9BrO2
4-Chloro-3-methylaniline 4-Chloro-3-methylaniline 7149-75-9 C7H8ClN
2-Aminophenol 2-Aminophenol 95-55-6 C6H7NO
Chlorosulfonyl isocyanate Chlorosulfonyl isocyanate 1189-71-5 CClNO3S
2,4-Dichlorophenylboronic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenylboronic acid 68716-47-2 C6H5BCl2O2
1,3-Cyclohexanedione 1,3-Cyclohexanedione 504-02-9 C6H8O2
1,1,3,3-Tetramethoxypropane 1,1,3,3-Tetramethoxypropane 102-52-3 C7H16O4
4-Iodophenol 4-Iodophenol 540-38-5 C6H5IO
4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenylacetic acid 4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenylacetic acid 32857-62-8 C9H7F3O2
Ethyl trifluoropyruvate Ethyl trifluoropyruvate 13081-18-0 C5H5F3O3
Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid 1759-53-1 C4H6O2
1,2,3-TRIPHENYLGUANIDINE 1,2,3-TRIPHENYLGUANIDINE 101-01-9 C19H17N3
1,1'-(Azodicarbonyl)-dipiperidine 1,1'-(Azodicarbonyl)-dipiperidine 10465-81-3 C12H20N4O2
2-Fluoro-5-iodobenzoic acid 2-Fluoro-5-iodobenzoic acid 124700-41-0 C7H4FIO2
Ethyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate Ethyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate 80-55-7 C6H12O3
N-ETHYLISOPROPYLAMINE N-ETHYLISOPROPYLAMINE 19961-27-4 C5H13N
Sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide Sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide 1070-89-9 C6H18NNaSi2
3',5'-Bis(trifluoromethyl)acetophenone 3',5'-Bis(trifluoromethyl)acetophenone 30071-93-3 C10H6F6O
2,5-Dibromobenzoic acid 2,5-Dibromobenzoic acid 610-71-9 C7H4Br2O2
6-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid 6-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid 16712-64-4 C11H8O3
Pinacol vinylboronate Pinacol vinylboronate 75927-49-0 C8H15BO2
2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione 2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione 2033-24-1 C6H8O4
2-Nitrobenzaldehyde 2-Nitrobenzaldehyde 552-89-6 C7H5NO3
4-BENZYL-3-THIOSEMICARBAZIDE 4-BENZYL-3-THIOSEMICARBAZIDE 13431-41-9 C8H11N3S
2'-Hydroxyacetophenone 2'-Hydroxyacetophenone 118-93-4 C8H8O2
5-Chloro-2-hydroxybenzoic acid 5-Chloro-2-hydroxybenzoic acid 321-14-2 C7H5ClO3
2-Bromoisobutyryl Bromide 2-Bromoisobutyryl Bromide 20769-85-1 C4H6Br2O
DIBENZOTHIOPHENE SULFONE DIBENZOTHIOPHENE SULFONE 1016-05-3 C12H8O2S
(2-Hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin (2-Hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin 128446-34-4 C48H80-nO40.(C3H7O)n
Nitrotetrazolium blue chloride Nitrotetrazolium blue chloride 298-83-9 C40H30ClN10O6+
2-Butyn-1-ol 2-Butyn-1-ol 764-01-2 C4H6O
N-(2,3-EPOXYPROPYL)PHTHALIMIDE N-(2,3-EPOXYPROPYL)PHTHALIMIDE 5455-98-1 C11H9NO3
3-Iodo-4-methylbenzoic acid 3-Iodo-4-methylbenzoic acid 82998-57-0 C8H7IO2
2-AMINOBENZYLAMINE 2-AMINOBENZYLAMINE 4403-69-4 C7H10N2
1-Methylguanidine hydrochloride 1-Methylguanidine hydrochloride 21770-81-0 C2H8ClN3
o-Tolunitrile o-Tolunitrile 529-19-1 C8H7N
3-(Trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-thiol 3-(Trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-thiol 104040-74-6 C6H4F3NS
Benzobarbital Benzobarbital 744-80-9 C19H16N2O4
MES sodium salt MES sodium salt 71119-23-8 C6H14NNaO4S
1-BENZHYDRYLAZETAN-3-OL 1-BENZHYDRYLAZETAN-3-OL 40432-51-7 C17H21NO4S
Triethylsilane Triethylsilane 617-86-7 C6H16Si
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