Saccharides

Saccharides are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen three elements. From the chemical structure, carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes, ketones or their polymers. Sugar widely present in the plant kingdom and it is a major component of plant material which plays an important role in physiological and biochemical processes in plants. According to the structure, saccharides can be divided into simple sugars (including glucose, fructose, and galactose), disaccharides (including sucrose, maltose, and lactose etc.) and polysaccharides (including starch, liver glycogen and muscle glycogen, etc.). Monosaccharides are simplest carbohydrates, a polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones which can not be hydrolyzed any more. They are commonly called aldoses and ketoses. For instance, glucose is an aldohexose, fructose is a ketohexose, and ribose is an aldopentose. The number of carbon atoms in the monosaccharide is no more than 10. Naturally occurring monosaccharides are 5 to 6 carbon atoms. Disaccharide is a combination of two monosaccharide molecules by removal of a molecule of H2O. The polysaccharide is made up of hundreds or even thousands of glucose molecules. After complete hydrolysis of polysaccharides, thousands of monosaccharide molecules such as starch cellulose and the like is emerging. Saccharide compounds closely related to human life. sugar is the main source of human energy. Saccharide is also closely related with drugs. For example, the patient needs glucose injection, dextran for plasma preparations;  production of tablets commonly used starch as excipients; saccharides contained in some traditional Chinese medicine has a physiological activity, such as Poria Charges carbohydrate on mice sarcoma S100 which have a strong inhibition PUPS ; lentinan also strong inhibition of tumor.

Saccharides are the major products of photosynthesis of green plants, a major source of energy needed to maintain the life of animals and plants, an indispensable diet for human and animal. Saccharides are also important raw materials on the industry, and they are used in the construction paper pharmaceutical and food sectors. Processing them directly and indirectly can meet the needs of basic necessities of human and other aspects. Recent studies of carbohydrates in two directions:
① carbohydrate chemists dedicated to synthetic compounds, primarily for long-term plans for social development to make human food possible to gradually get rid of dependence on agriculture. This synthetic task is to seek ways to change the current situation of natural photosynthesis in plants alone and to be economically viable.
② To study the relationship of saccharide and life is because proteins, nucleic acids often inseparable from sugar in the body. The mystery carbohydrate compound in the living body will be uncovered.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
Sucrose octasulfate sodium salt Sucrose octasulfate sodium salt 74135-10-7 C12H14Na8O35S8
alpha-D-Cellobiose octaacetate alpha-D-Cellobiose octaacetate 5346-90-7 C28H38O19
D-arabinitol D-arabinitol 488-82-4 C5H12O5
5-Bromo-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside 5-Bromo-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside 97753-82-7 C14H16BrNO6
Starch soluble Starch soluble 9005-84-9 (C6H10O5)n
D-(-)-ERYTHROSE D-(-)-ERYTHROSE 583-50-6 C4H8O4
ADONITOL ADONITOL 488-81-3 C5H12O5
L-GLUCOSE L-GLUCOSE 921-60-8 C6H12O6
PARABANIC ACID PARABANIC ACID 120-89-8 C3H2N2O3
L(+)-Gulonic acid gamma-lactone L(+)-Gulonic acid gamma-lactone 1128-23-0 C6H10O6
2,3,4,6-TETRA-O-BENZYL-D-GALACTOPYRANOSE 2,3,4,6-TETRA-O-BENZYL-D-GALACTOPYRANOSE 53081-25-7 C34H36O6
CIMIFUGIN BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE CIMIFUGIN BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE 80681-45-4 C22H28O11
AICAR AICAR 2627-69-2 C9H14N4O5
METHYL BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE METHYL BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE 709-50-2 C7H14O6
METHYL 2,3,6-TRI-O-BENZOYL-ALPHA-D-GALACTOPYRANOSIDE METHYL 2,3,6-TRI-O-BENZOYL-ALPHA-D-GALACTOPYRANOSIDE 3601-36-3 C28H26O9
5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-glucuronide sodium salt 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-glucuronide sodium salt 129541-41-9 C14H14BrClNNaO7
4-NITROPHENYL-BETA-D-GLUCURONIDE 4-NITROPHENYL-BETA-D-GLUCURONIDE 10344-94-2 C12H13NO9
AGAROSE AGAROSE 9012-36-6 C10H15N3O3
ALPHA-D-CELLOBIOSE OCTAACETATE ALPHA-D-CELLOBIOSE OCTAACETATE 3616-19-1 C28H38O19
(+)-1,4-DI-O-TOSYL-2,3-O-ISOPROPYLIDENE-D-THREITOL (+)-1,4-DI-O-TOSYL-2,3-O-ISOPROPYLIDENE-D-THREITOL 51064-65-4 C21H26O8S2
D-GLUCAMINE D-GLUCAMINE 488-43-7 C6H15NO5
Alpha-D-Lactose monohydrate Alpha-D-Lactose monohydrate 5989-81-1 C12H24O12
D-PSICOSE D-PSICOSE 551-68-8 C6H12O6
XXXG XXXG 121591-98-8 C39H66O33
HEPARIN LITHIUM SALT HEPARIN LITHIUM SALT 9045-22-1 n.a.
STACHYOSE TETRAHYDRATE STACHYOSE TETRAHYDRATE 10094-58-3 C24H50O25
3-Indoxyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside 3-Indoxyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside 487-60-5 C14H17NO6
Maltodextrin Maltodextrin 9050-36-6 C12H22O11
ALPHA-D-GALACTURONIC ACID HYDRATE ALPHA-D-GALACTURONIC ACID HYDRATE 91510-62-2 C6H12O8
D-GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE BARIUM SALT D-GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE BARIUM SALT 58823-95-3 C6H15BaO9P
N-NONYL-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE N-NONYL-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE 69984-73-2 C15H30O6
BETA-D-GLUCOSAMINE PENTAACETATE BETA-D-GLUCOSAMINE PENTAACETATE 7772-79-4 C16H23NO10
METHYL 2,3,4,6-TETRA-O-ACETYL-BETA-D-THIOGLUCOPYRANOSIDE METHYL 2,3,4,6-TETRA-O-ACETYL-BETA-D-THIOGLUCOPYRANOSIDE 13350-45-3 C15H22O9S
5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-glucoside 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-glucoside 15548-60-4 C14H15BrClNO6
6-BROMO-2-NAPHTHYL-BETA-D-GALACTOPYRANOSIDE 6-BROMO-2-NAPHTHYL-BETA-D-GALACTOPYRANOSIDE 15572-30-2 C16H17BrO6
1,2,3,4,6-PENTA-O-ACETYL-D-MANNOPYRANOSE 1,2,3,4,6-PENTA-O-ACETYL-D-MANNOPYRANOSE 25941-03-1 C16H22O11
D-(+)-CHIRO-INOSITOL D-(+)-CHIRO-INOSITOL 643-12-9 C6H12O6
D-GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DIPOTASSIUM SALT D-GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DIPOTASSIUM SALT 5996-17-8 C6H11K2O9P
4-METHOXYPHENYL 2,3,4,6-TETRA-O-ACETYL-BETA-D-GLUCOPYANOSIDE 4-METHOXYPHENYL 2,3,4,6-TETRA-O-ACETYL-BETA-D-GLUCOPYANOSIDE 14581-81-8 C21H26O11
5-Bromo-6-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactoside 5-Bromo-6-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactoside 93863-88-8 C14H15BrClNO6
Methyl-2,3-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-ribofuranoside Methyl-2,3-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-ribofuranoside 4099-85-8 C9H16O5
2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxy stilbene-2-Ο-β-D-glucoside 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxy stilbene-2-Ο-β-D-glucoside 82373-94-2 C20H22O9
5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide 4264-82-8 C16H18BrClN2O6
Phenylgalactoside Phenylgalactoside 2818-58-8 C12H16O6
METHYL ALPHA-D-GALACTOPYRANOSIDE MONOHYDRATE METHYL ALPHA-D-GALACTOPYRANOSIDE MONOHYDRATE 34004-14-3 C7H16O7
L-Threonic acid magnesium salt L-Threonic acid magnesium salt 778571-57-6 C8H14MgO10
4-Methylumbelliferyl beta-D-galactoside 4-Methylumbelliferyl beta-D-galactoside 6160-78-7 C16H18O8
D-Arabinpyranose D-Arabinpyranose 28697-53-2 C5H10O5
MELIBIOSE MELIBIOSE 585-99-9 C12H22O11
3,4-O-ISOPROPYLIDENE-D-MANNITOL 3,4-O-ISOPROPYLIDENE-D-MANNITOL 3969-84-4 C9H18O6
1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-mannopyranose 1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-mannopyranose 18968-05-3 C14H20O10
PHENYL 2,3,4,6-TETRA-O-ACETYL-1-THIO-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE PHENYL 2,3,4,6-TETRA-O-ACETYL-1-THIO-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE 23661-28-1 C20H24O9S
(-)-Diacetone-2-keto-L-gulonic acid monohydrate (-)-Diacetone-2-keto-L-gulonic acid monohydrate 68539-16-2 C12H20O8
Carminic Acid Carminic Acid 1260-17-9 C22H20O13
5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminide 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminide 129572-48-1 C16H18BrClN2O6
D-Fructose-1,6-diphosphate trisodium salt octahydrate D-Fructose-1,6-diphosphate trisodium salt octahydrate 81028-91-3 C6H27Na3O20P2
D-MELEZITOSE DIHYDRATE D-MELEZITOSE DIHYDRATE 10030-67-8 C18H34O17
L-(-)-TALOSE L-(-)-TALOSE 23567-25-1 C6H12O6
2-NITROPHENYL-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE 2-NITROPHENYL-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE 2816-24-2 C12H15NO8
4-NITROPHENYL-BETA-D-CELLOBIOSIDE 4-NITROPHENYL-BETA-D-CELLOBIOSIDE 3482-57-3 C18H25NO13
5-THIO-D-GLUCOSE 5-THIO-D-GLUCOSE 20408-97-3 C6H12O5S
PHENYL 2-ACETAMIDO-2-DEOXY-ALPHA-D-GALACTOPYRANOSIDE PHENYL 2-ACETAMIDO-2-DEOXY-ALPHA-D-GALACTOPYRANOSIDE 10139-04-5 C14H19NO6
4-METHOXYPHENYL 3-O-ALLYL-BETA-D-GALACTOPYRANOSIDE 4-METHOXYPHENYL 3-O-ALLYL-BETA-D-GALACTOPYRANOSIDE 144985-19-3 C16H22O7
4-METHYLUMBELLIFERYL-N,N',N''-TRIACETYL-BETA-CHITOTRIOSIDE 4-METHYLUMBELLIFERYL-N,N',N''-TRIACETYL-BETA-CHITOTRIOSIDE 53643-13-3 C34H47N3O18
PALATINOSE PALATINOSE 13718-94-0 C12H22O11
L-MANNITOL L-MANNITOL 643-01-6 C6H14O6
LIPOPHILIC SEPHADEX LIPOPHILIC SEPHADEX 9041-37-6 C9H8N2O3S
N-TRIFLUOROACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE N-TRIFLUOROACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE 36875-26-0 C8H12F3NO6
1,3,4,6-TETRA-O-ACETYL-2-AZIDO-2-DEOXY-ALPHA-D-MANNOPYRANOSE 1,3,4,6-TETRA-O-ACETYL-2-AZIDO-2-DEOXY-ALPHA-D-MANNOPYRANOSE 68733-20-0 C14H19N3O9
1 1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-2-azido-2-deoxy-a-D-glucopyranose 1 1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-2-azido-2-deoxy-a-D-glucopyranose 56883-33-1 C14H19N3O9
L-(-)-CHIRO-INOSITOL L-(-)-CHIRO-INOSITOL 551-72-4 C6H12O6
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-mannose 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-mannose 3615-17-6 C8H15NO6
THYMINE-BETA-D-ARABINOFURANOSIDE THYMINE-BETA-D-ARABINOFURANOSIDE 605-23-2 C10H14N2O6
1-THIO-BETA-D-GLUCOSE TETRAACETATE 1-THIO-BETA-D-GLUCOSE TETRAACETATE 19879-84-6 C14H20O9S
3,4,6-TRI-O-BENZYL-2-DEOXY-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE 3,4,6-TRI-O-BENZYL-2-DEOXY-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE 132732-60-6 C27H30O5
D-Iditol D-Iditol 25878-23-3 C6H14O6
L-Tagatose L-Tagatose 17598-82-2 C6H12O6
1,2,3,5-Tetra-O-benzoyl-2-C-methyl-beta-D-ribofuranose 1,2,3,5-Tetra-O-benzoyl-2-C-methyl-beta-D-ribofuranose 15397-15-6 C34H28O9
(-)-1,4-DI-O-TOSYL-2,3-O-ISOPROPYLIDENETHREITOL (-)-1,4-DI-O-TOSYL-2,3-O-ISOPROPYLIDENETHREITOL 37002-45-2 C21H26O8S2
4-NITROPHENYL-ALPHA-L-FUCOPYRANOSIDE 4-NITROPHENYL-ALPHA-L-FUCOPYRANOSIDE 10231-84-2 C12H15NO7
L-Fructose L-Fructose 7776-48-9 C6H12O6
1,3,4,6-TETRA-O-ACETYL-2-DEOXY-2-PHTHALIMIDO-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE 1,3,4,6-TETRA-O-ACETYL-2-DEOXY-2-PHTHALIMIDO-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE 10022-13-6 C22H23NO11
4-METHYLUMBELLIFERYL-ALPHA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE HYDRATE 4-METHYLUMBELLIFERYL-ALPHA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE HYDRATE 17833-43-1 C16H18O8
N-ACETYLNEURAMINIC ACID METHYL ESTER N-ACETYLNEURAMINIC ACID METHYL ESTER 22900-11-4 C12H21NO9
1,3,4,6-TETRA-O-ACETYL-2-AMINO-2-DESOXY-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE HYDROCHLORIDE 1,3,4,6-TETRA-O-ACETYL-2-AMINO-2-DESOXY-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE HYDROCHLORIDE 26108-75-8 C14H21NO9
D-MANNONO-1,4-LACTONE D-MANNONO-1,4-LACTONE 26301-79-1 C6H10O6
DL-XYLOSE DL-XYLOSE 25990-60-7 C5H10O5
DL-ARABITOL DL-ARABITOL 6018-27-5 C5H12O5
D-GLUCOSAMINE-OXIME HYDROCHLORIDE D-GLUCOSAMINE-OXIME HYDROCHLORIDE 54947-34-1 C6H15ClN2O5
METHYL-2,3-DI-O-BENZOYL-4,6-O-BENZYLIDENE-ALPHA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE METHYL-2,3-DI-O-BENZOYL-4,6-O-BENZYLIDENE-ALPHA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE 6748-91-0 C28H26O8
2,3,4,6-TETRA-O-BENZYL-ALPHA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSYL FLUORIDE 2,3,4,6-TETRA-O-BENZYL-ALPHA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSYL FLUORIDE 89025-46-7 C34H35FO5
4-METHOXYPHENYL BETA-D-GALACTOPYRANOSIDE 4-METHOXYPHENYL BETA-D-GALACTOPYRANOSIDE 3150-20-7 C13H18O7
BETA-D-RIBOPYRANOSE 1,2,3,4-TETRAACETATE BETA-D-RIBOPYRANOSE 1,2,3,4-TETRAACETATE 4049-34-7 C13H18O9
NISTOSE NISTOSE 13133-07-8 C24H42O21
4-METHOXYPHENYL 2,3,4,6-TETRA-O-ACETYL-BETA-D-GALACTOPYRANOSIDE 4-METHOXYPHENYL 2,3,4,6-TETRA-O-ACETYL-BETA-D-GALACTOPYRANOSIDE 2872-65-3 C21H26O11
ISOMALTOSE ISOMALTOSE 499-40-1 C12H22O11
CELLULOSE ACETATE BUTYRATE CELLULOSE ACETATE BUTYRATE 9004-36-8 N/A
2-NITROPHENYL-BETA-D-XYLOPYRANOSIDE 2-NITROPHENYL-BETA-D-XYLOPYRANOSIDE 10238-27-4 C11H13NO7
N-Glycolylneuraminic acid N-Glycolylneuraminic acid 1113-83-3 C11H19NO10
N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine 7772-94-3 C8H15NO6
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