Peripheral vasodilators

Drugs that can play the role of dilating surrounding blood vessels are also known as the peripheral vasodilators. To date the vasodilators used for clinical application have many types, and it can be generally divided into two categories.

One is the drugs that directly relax the vascular smooth muscle, that is, direct vasodilators, such as hydralazine, sodium nitroprusside and nitrates;
the other is the drugs working through a different mechanism of action to dilate blood vessels, including α- adrenal receptor blockers, calcium antagonists and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
They are not only traditionally used to treat high blood pressure and other cardiovascular diseases but also currently used for the treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. This is based on the function of these drugs to expand the small veins, and this function can not only reduce venous return to decline ventricular filling pressure and cardiac preload but also decrease peripheral vascular resistance to reduce ventricular ejection impedance and cardiac afterload. The reduction of cardiac preload and afterload can reduce the ventricular muscle tension and improve the supply and demand balance of myocardial oxygen. Therefore, for myocardial infarction, hypertensive heart disease or cute left ventricular failure and pulmonary edema after open heart surgery a significant effect can be obtained by vasodilator therapy. And for chronic congestive heart failure, especially digitalis intoxication or intractable heart failure after the fail treatment with digitalis and diuretics, vasodilators also have a considerable effect of remission. It has been proved by clinical practice that arterial blood pressure don’t change or slightly decrease and heart rate changes little in the appropriate dose of vasodilator. However, excessive doses can cause severe hypotension, so the application of vasodilators should start from small dose and monitor the heart rate and blood pressure closely, and even monitor the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure if conditions allow. Long-term use can not be discontinued immediately, otherwise it easily lead to rebound.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
Vinpocetine Vinpocetine 42971-09-5 C22H26N2O2
Vincamine Vincamine 1617-90-9 C21H26N2O3
Carvedilol Carvedilol 72956-09-3 C24H26N2O4
Betahistine dihydrochloride Betahistine dihydrochloride 5579-84-0 C8H14Cl2N2
CYCLANDELATE CYCLANDELATE 456-59-7 C17H24O3
Betahistine mesylate Betahistine mesylate 54856-23-4 C8H12N2.2CH4O3S
Nicergoline Nicergoline 27848-84-6 C24H26BrN3O3
Papaverine hydrochloride Papaverine hydrochloride 61-25-6 C20H22ClNO4
Phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride Phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride 63-92-3 C18H22ClNO.ClH
Tolperisone hydrochloride Tolperisone hydrochloride 3644-61-9 C16H24ClNO
Tolazoline hydrochloride Tolazoline hydrochloride 59-97-2 C10H13ClN2
Phentolamine mesilate Phentolamine mesilate 65-28-1 C18H23N3O4S
Calcium dobesilate Calcium dobesilate 20123-80-2 2C6H5O5S.Ca
Pentoxifylline Pentoxifylline 6493-05-6 C13H18N4O3
Inositol nicotinate Inositol nicotinate 6556-11-2 C42H30N6O12
Betahistine Betahistine 5638-76-6 C8H12N2
PAPAVERINE HYDROCHLORIDE PAPAVERINE HYDROCHLORIDE 58-74-2 C20H21NO4
Flunarizine dihydrochloride Flunarizine dihydrochloride 30484-77-6 C26H28Cl2F2N2
Tolazoline Tolazoline 59-98-3 C10H12N2
Tolperisone Tolperisone 728-88-1 C16H23NO
Sodium ferulic Sodium ferulic 24276-84-4 C10H9NaO4
phenoxybenzamine phenoxybenzamine 59-96-1 C18H22ClNO
Xanthinol nicotinate Xanthinol nicotinate 437-74-1 C19H26N6O6
Flunarizine Flunarizine 52468-60-7 C26H26F2N2
Nylidrin Nylidrin 447-41-6 C19H25NO2
DIHYDROERGOTAMINE MESYLATE DIHYDROERGOTAMINE MESYLATE 6190-39-2 C34H41N5O8S
Phentolamine hydrochloride Phentolamine hydrochloride 73-05-2 C17H20ClN3O
alpha-(1-Naphthylmethyl)-2-tetrahydrofuranpropionic acid diethylaminoethyl ester oxalate alpha-(1-Naphthylmethyl)-2-tetrahydrofuranpropionic acid diethylaminoethyl ester oxalate 3200-06-4 C26H35NO7
DIHYDROERGOTAMINE MESYLATE DIHYDROERGOTAMINE MESYLATE 11032-41-0 C34H41N5O8S
Stugeron Stugeron 298-57-7 C26H28N2
Phentolamine Phentolamine 50-60-2 C17H19N3O
propylidynetrimethyl trinitrate propylidynetrimethyl trinitrate 2921-92-8 C6H11N3O9
DIHYDROERGOTAMINE DIHYDROERGOTAMINE 511-12-6 C33H37N5O5
NAFRONYL NAFRONYL 31329-57-4 C24H33NO3
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