Organic reagents

From early AD to mid-19 century, people mainly use the natural organic substance (such as animal and plant extracts) for qualitative analysis or quantitative analysis. From the second half of the 19th century to the 1920s, it had begun to appear of artificially synthetic organic reagent such as using potassium acetate xanthan for test of nickel, copper, and molybdenum; using morin for test of aluminum; using diazo coupling reaction for the detection of Nitrite; using α-β-nitroso naphthol for detection of cobalt; using dimethyglyoxime for nickel test.

After the proposal of the special-effects group in the 1930s and the proposal of theoretical analysis of functional groups theory in 1950s, people had carried out large-scale screen of organic reagents in search of special-effects analysis groups for different ions and had successfully synthesized a lot of agents of practical value (such as copper reagents, new copper agent, cadmium reagents, beryllium reagent, thorium reagents, etc.). Before the 1950s, the complex compound, in analytic chemistry, is mainly used in the aspects of the precipitation reaction of a binary chelate for the qualitative detection, precipitate isolation and gravimetric separation and other aspects. In the early 1950s and 1960, it is mainly in the form of complexometric titration. From the beginning of the late 1960s, the main focus has been moved to the photometric analysis. Meanwhile, it has been also developed of chelate organic solvent extraction.

8-hydroxy quinoline, hydrazones, oximes, hydroxamic acids, polyphenols, 1, 10-phenanthroline, phosphorus-oxygen extractant, β- diketones, triphenylmethane acid dye, xanthene dyes and azo dyes and other agents has all been widely studied and applied. On the other hand, the structural theoretical research (such as electronic effects, spatial effects and substituent effects) of the organic reagent can further facilitate the development of new-type organic reagents such as heterocyclic azo reagent. During this period, it has been also developed of monoazo chromotropic acid-type and disazo chromotropic acid-type reagent. During the mid-1970s, the chelating resin and adsorbents have achieved rapid development. Since the 1980s, Chinese researchers of analytical chemistry have made progress in the field of the synthesis and application of asymmetric disazo chromotropic acid.

Organic chemical reagents have wide application in analytic chemistry and are mainly used in solvents, precipitation agents, complexing agents, indicator, coloring reagent and surface active agent, etc. In order to adapt to a variety of analytical needs, sometimes it is required to purify certain reagents. For example, liquid organic reagent is often purified by distillation while solid substance is often purified through crystallization and sublimation. Substance having a high vapor pressure, namely having low purification boiling point and undergoing no decomposition under boiling temperature commonly applied atmospheric distillation; for less volatile and water-insoluble substance, namely having high purification point or undergoing decomposition under boiling temperature, we can apply vacuum distillation or steam distillation for purification of it.

Distillation is a commonly used method for laboratory purification of organic reagent. Conventional distillation apparatus generally comprises distiller, condenser and receiver, three parts with auxiliary section also containing heater, a thermometer, a wetted tube and cork.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
Cyclohexylacetic acid Cyclohexylacetic acid 5292-21-7 C8H14O2
Tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate Tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate 3109-63-5 C16H36F6NP
2-Bromobutyric acid 2-Bromobutyric acid 80-58-0 C4H7BrO2
cis-Vaccenic acid cis-Vaccenic acid 506-17-2 C18H34O2
2-Chlorocyclohexanone 2-Chlorocyclohexanone 822-87-7 C6H9ClO
3,5-Dichlorobenzonitrile 3,5-Dichlorobenzonitrile 6575-00-4 C7H3Cl2N
Methyl 3,4-diaminobenzoate Methyl 3,4-diaminobenzoate 36692-49-6 C8H10N2O2
Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate 111-15-9 C6H12O3
2,2-Bis(bromomethyl)propane-1,3-diol 2,2-Bis(bromomethyl)propane-1,3-diol 3296-90-0 C5H10Br2O2
1,4-Naphthoquinone 1,4-Naphthoquinone 130-15-4 C10H6O2
Methyl 3-methoxypropionate Methyl 3-methoxypropionate 3852-09-3 C5H10O3
4-CHLOROTHIOANISOLE 4-CHLOROTHIOANISOLE 123-09-1 C7H7ClS
(S)-(-)-2,2'-Diamino-1,1'-binaphthalene (S)-(-)-2,2'-Diamino-1,1'-binaphthalene 18531-95-8 C20H16N2
Methyl 5-chloro-2-nitrobenzoate Methyl 5-chloro-2-nitrobenzoate 51282-49-6 C8H6ClNO4
Heptanoyl chloride Heptanoyl chloride 2528-61-2 C7H13ClO
Bis[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl] ether Bis[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl] ether 112-60-7 C8H18O5
1,4,7,10-TETRAAZACYCLODODECANE TETRAHYDROCHLORIDE 1,4,7,10-TETRAAZACYCLODODECANE TETRAHYDROCHLORIDE 10045-25-7 C8H21ClN4
5-Fluorosalicylaldehyde 5-Fluorosalicylaldehyde 347-54-6 C7H5FO2
Dioctylamine Dioctylamine 1120-48-5 C16H35N
SODIUM 1-UNDECANESULFONATE SODIUM 1-UNDECANESULFONATE 5838-34-6 C11H25NaO3S
2-Chloro-3',4'-dihydroxyacetophenone 2-Chloro-3',4'-dihydroxyacetophenone 99-40-1 C8H7ClO3
4-(4-FLUOROPHENYL)-3-THIOSEMICARBAZIDE 4-(4-FLUOROPHENYL)-3-THIOSEMICARBAZIDE 330-94-9 C7H8FN3S
Borane tert-butylamine complex Borane tert-butylamine complex 7337-45-3 C4H11BN
Methyl DL-mandelate Methyl DL-mandelate 4358-87-6 C9H10O3
2,4,6-Trimethylphenylboronic acid 2,4,6-Trimethylphenylboronic acid 5980-97-2 C9H13BO2
2-METHYLPYRIDINE-3-BORONIC ACID 2-METHYLPYRIDINE-3-BORONIC ACID 899436-71-6 C6H8BNO2
Trichlorovinylsilane Trichlorovinylsilane 75-94-5 C2H3Cl3Si
2-Amino-4-nitro anisidine 2-Amino-4-nitro anisidine 99-59-2 C7H8N2O3
1,2-Bis(trimethylsilyloxy)ethane 1,2-Bis(trimethylsilyloxy)ethane 7381-30-8 C8H22O2Si2
2-Benzyloxyphenylboronic acid 2-Benzyloxyphenylboronic acid 190661-29-1 C13H13BO3
3-Chlorobenzonitrile 3-Chlorobenzonitrile 766-84-7 C7H4ClN
1,1-DIPHENYL-2-THIOUREA 1,1-DIPHENYL-2-THIOUREA 3898-08-6 C13H12N2S
N-CYCLOHEXYLHYDROXYLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE N-CYCLOHEXYLHYDROXYLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE 25100-12-3 C6H14ClNO
4'-Hydroxy-3'-methylacetophenone 4'-Hydroxy-3'-methylacetophenone 876-02-8 C9H10O2
2,2,2-Tribromoethanol 2,2,2-Tribromoethanol 75-80-9 C2H3Br3O
3-Chloropropylmethyldimethoxysilane 3-Chloropropylmethyldimethoxysilane 18171-19-2 C6H15ClO2Si
2-(N-Morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid potassium salt 2-(N-Morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid potassium salt 39946-25-3 C6H12KNO4S
3,4-DIMETHYLTHIOPHENOL 3,4-DIMETHYLTHIOPHENOL 18800-53-8 C8H10S
2,4-Dimethylbenzenethiol 2,4-Dimethylbenzenethiol 13616-82-5 C8H10S
MES monohydrate MES monohydrate 145224-94-8 C6H15NO5S
4-Methoxybenzophenone 4-Methoxybenzophenone 611-94-9 C14H12O2
2-Methoxybenzylamine 2-Methoxybenzylamine 6850-57-3 C8H11NO
Thiodiglycolic acid Thiodiglycolic acid 123-93-3 C4H6O4S
Ethoxyacetic acid Ethoxyacetic acid 627-03-2 C4H8O3
Cyclobutanecarbonyl chloride Cyclobutanecarbonyl chloride 5006-22-4 C5H7ClO
N-(Trimethylsilyl)acetamide N-(Trimethylsilyl)acetamide 13435-12-6 C5H13NOSi
(4-CHLORO-3-TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PHENYLTHIOUREA (4-CHLORO-3-TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PHENYLTHIOUREA 207919-03-7 C8H6ClF3N2S
3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetic acid 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetic acid 85068-33-3 C10H6F6O2
3,5-HEPTANEDIONE 3,5-HEPTANEDIONE 7424-54-6 C7H12O2
Ethyl 2,3-dibromopropionate Ethyl 2,3-dibromopropionate 3674-13-3 C5H8Br2O2
tert-Butylisocyanate tert-Butylisocyanate 1609-86-5 C5H9NO
3-Aminocrotononitrile 3-Aminocrotononitrile 1118-61-2 C4H6N2
O-ALLYLHYDROXYLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE O-ALLYLHYDROXYLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE 38945-21-0 C3H8ClNO
PHENYL VINYL SULFIDE PHENYL VINYL SULFIDE 1822-73-7 C8H8S
4-TERT-BUTYLTHIOPHENOL 4-TERT-BUTYLTHIOPHENOL 2396-68-1 C10H14S
Sodium 3-[[(dimethylamino)thioxomethyl]thio]propanesulphonate Sodium 3-[[(dimethylamino)thioxomethyl]thio]propanesulphonate 18880-36-9 C6H14NNaO3S3
5-BROMO-2-METHOXYBENZYL ALCOHOL 5-BROMO-2-METHOXYBENZYL ALCOHOL 80866-82-6 C8H9BrO2
DL-sec-Butyl acetate DL-sec-Butyl acetate 105-46-4 C6H12O2
(R)-(+)-1,2-Dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid (R)-(+)-1,2-Dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid 1200-22-2 C8H14O2S2
TERT-BUTYL METHYL MALONATE TERT-BUTYL METHYL MALONATE 42726-73-8 C8H14O4
Bromotrichloromethane Bromotrichloromethane 75-62-7 CBrCl3
1-(2,4-DIMETHOXYPHENYL)-2-THIOUREA 1-(2,4-DIMETHOXYPHENYL)-2-THIOUREA 35696-77-6 C9H12N2O2S
4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenacyl bromide 4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenacyl bromide 383-53-9 C9H6BrF3O
Methyl palmitate Methyl palmitate 112-39-0 C17H34O2
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate 103-23-1 C22H42O4
Dimethyl sebacate Dimethyl sebacate 106-79-6 C12H22O4
Cyclohexanol Cyclohexanol 108-93-0 C6H12O
Glutaric acid Glutaric acid 110-94-1 C5H8O4
Propionic anhydride Propionic anhydride 123-62-6 C6H10O3
Dichloroacetonitrile Dichloroacetonitrile 3018-12-0 C2HCl2N
Diethoxydimethylsilane Diethoxydimethylsilane 78-62-6 C6H16O2Si
Acenaphthene Acenaphthene 83-32-9 C12H10
3-Nitrotoluene 3-Nitrotoluene 99-08-1 C7H7NO2
Ethylene thiourea Ethylene thiourea 96-45-7 C3H6N2S
Tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol Tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol 90-72-2 C15H27N3O
Dodecanedioic acid Dodecanedioic acid 693-23-2 C12H22O4
3,5-BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZENESULFONYL CHLORIDE 3,5-BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZENESULFONYL CHLORIDE 39234-86-1 C8H3ClF6O2S
4,6-DIMETHYLDIBENZOTHIOPHENE 4,6-DIMETHYLDIBENZOTHIOPHENE 1207-12-1 C14H12S
3-Chloro-1,2-propanediol 3-Chloro-1,2-propanediol 96-24-2 C3H7ClO2
4'-Methylpropiophenone 4'-Methylpropiophenone 5337-93-9 C10H12O
3-Nitrophthalic anhydride 3-Nitrophthalic anhydride 641-70-3 C8H3NO5
6-Amino-m-cresol 6-Amino-m-cresol 2835-98-5 C7H9NO
Methyl 3-methoxyacrylate Methyl 3-methoxyacrylate 34846-90-7 C5H8O3
3-Methylbenzyl cyanide 3-Methylbenzyl cyanide 2947-60-6 C9H9N
4-Isopropoxylphenylboronic acid 4-Isopropoxylphenylboronic acid 153624-46-5 C9H13BO3
3-Hydroxypivalic acid 3-Hydroxypivalic acid 4835-90-9 C5H10O3
4-Chlororesorcinol 4-Chlororesorcinol 95-88-5 C6H5ClO2
1-(BROMOMETHYL)-4-(METHYLSULFONYL)BENZENE 1-(BROMOMETHYL)-4-(METHYLSULFONYL)BENZENE 53606-06-7 C8H9BrO2S
4-FLUOROBENZENESULFINIC ACID SODIUM SALT 4-FLUOROBENZENESULFINIC ACID SODIUM SALT 824-80-6 C6H6FNaO2S
3-ACETYLBENZOIC ACID 3-ACETYLBENZOIC ACID 586-42-5 C9H8O3
1,1,2-Trimethoxyethane 1,1,2-Trimethoxyethane 24332-20-5 C5H12O3
2-Amino-4-methylbenzoic acid 2-Amino-4-methylbenzoic acid 2305-36-4 C8H9NO2
(S)-(+)-Benzyl glycidyl ether (S)-(+)-Benzyl glycidyl ether 16495-13-9 C10H12O2
2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate 2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate 818-61-1 C5H8O3
3,5-Dichlorophenyl isocyanate 3,5-Dichlorophenyl isocyanate 34893-92-0 C7H3Cl2NO
Propiolic Acid Propiolic Acid 471-25-0 C3H2O2
4,4,4-Trifluorobutyric acid 4,4,4-Trifluorobutyric acid 406-93-9 C4H5F3O2
4'-Hydroxyvalerophenone 4'-Hydroxyvalerophenone 2589-71-1 C11H14O2
Itaconic anhydride Itaconic anhydride 2170-03-8 C5H4O3
4-Bromo-3-nitroanisole 4-Bromo-3-nitroanisole 5344-78-5 C7H6BrNO3
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