Chinese Herbs

Herbal chemistry refers to the subject combines modern scientific theories and methods for studying the chemical composition of herbs. The research object of herbal chemistry is the chemical composition of herbs. Herb has a very complicate chemical composition, usually containing sugars, amino acids, proteins, fats, waxes , enzymes, pigments, vitamins, organic acids, tannins, inorganic salts, essential oils, alkaloids, glycosides and so on. Each herb may contain a variety of ingredients. In these ingredients, there are some types with obvious biological activity and can play a role in health care, often referred to as the active ingredient, such as alkaloids, glycosides, volatile oils, amino acids and so on.

The reason why herbs have medical effects is mainly due to the active ingredients contained in them. In addition to the many kinds of herbal active ingredient that have already been studied and widely applied in the past, such as anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial berberine, the ephedrine contained ephedra for asthma treatment, the anti-hypertension ingredient, reserpine contained in Rauvolfia verticillata, in recent years, it has been found of many more active ingredients contained in Chinese herb from both domestic and abroad. It has been particularly studied of the biological active ingredients in the field of anti-tumor, the treatment of cardiovascular disease and chronic bronchitis. Other ingredients are universally presented in the herbal kingdom, but usually have no biological activity without any pharmaceutical effect, thereby being known as "ineffective ingredients", such as carbohydrates, proteins, pigments, resins, and inorganic salts. However, the definition of “effective” and “ineffective” is not absolute, and some components originally considered as invalid have also become active ingredients later due to the presence of the biological activity contained in it. For example, the polysaccharide contained in mushrooms and poria cocos has certain anti-tumor effect; seaweed polysaccharide has lipid-lowering effect; the radices trichosanthis protein has a labor induction effect; tannin is widely presented in the herbal kingdom. Although it generally has no major effect on the treatment of diseases, thereby often being considered as a kind of inactive ingredient, the tannin contained in gall, Polygonum cuspidatum and sanguisorba officinalis, because of the high content and certain biological activity, is treated as a kind of active ingredient; another example is that the mucus is usually considered as ineffective ingredient, and is treated as an active ingredient in rhizome beltillae.

Owing to the development of modern science, the separation methods of all kinds of sophisticated quantitative methods tend to be fast, enabling the further deepened analysis on the chemical composition of herbs. In particular, people has combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, linking the separation, purification and identification, several steps together,  improving the speed and accuracy of structure determination, further opening broad prospects for the study of the chemical composition of herbs, in the 1950s, due to the discovery in folk medicine of blood pressure-lowering component, Rauwolfia alkaloids reserpine, and the discovery of the anticancer component, vincaleukoblastinum from Catharanthus roseus, there is a renewed emphasis on the study of the ingredients contained in folk herbal plant in the international scientific community. It is especially worth mentioning that many countries around the world are now competing on screening active anti-cancer ingredient from the plant drugs. In China, in recent years, it has been found from herbs Artemisia annua of artemisinin, being a fast-acting anti-malarial drug; the agrimophol identified from the bud and roots of Agrimonia pilosa has excellent tenia-expelling effect; the farrerol identified from Rhododendron and other studies on the components of ginseng and acanthopanax have all clarified that herbal chemistry has made substantial progress.

It can be expected that in the field of a number of drugs for the treatment of major disease, will soon obtain some new breakthroughs from plant ingredients. In the foundation of achieving a major success in the research of herbal and plant effective component, people has developed a new subject of plant tissue culture, which is a new area of research engaged in studying the production of secondary metabolites from plant tissue after artificial culture process, which aims to directionally produce a lot of active ingredients in favor of the industrial production. For example, the crude soap content in the ginseng tissue culture can be up to 21%. Meanwhile, it is promising that tissue culture can develop into an effective method of analyzing the biosynthetic pathway of plant components. The proposed chemical plant taxonomy in the recent nearly three decades is exactly the development of the chemical constituents of plants, namely hoping to develop a truly natural classification system from the distribution principle of metabolites in plants (chemical composition). It will promote the study of the kinship of plants from the angle of the chemical constituents.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
THEAFLAVINE-3-GALLATE THEAFLAVINE-3-GALLATE 30462-34-1 C36H28O16
SOLANIDINE SOLANIDINE 80-78-4 C27H43NO
THEAFLAVIN 3'-O-GALLATE THEAFLAVIN 3'-O-GALLATE 28543-07-9 C36H28O16
ASTRAGALUS P.E. ASTRAGALUS P.E.
Rhodiola Rosea Extract Rhodiola Rosea Extract C14H20O7
(S)-(+)-NIRVANOL (S)-(+)-NIRVANOL 65567-34-2 C11H12N2O2
Tripdiolide Tripdiolide 38647-10-8 C20H24O7
ISOLIQUIRITIN ISOLIQUIRITIN 5041-81-6 C21H22O9
GANODERIC ACID C1 GANODERIC ACID C1 95311-97-0 C30H42O7
ALLOCRYPTOPINE ALLOCRYPTOPINE 485-91-6 C21H23NO5
CIMICIFUGOSIDE CIMICIFUGOSIDE 66176-93-0 C37H54O11
BETA-GLUCOSIDASE BETA-GLUCOSIDASE 9033-06-1
PSYCHOSINE PSYCHOSINE 2238-90-6 C24H47NO7
Aristolochic acid B Aristolochic acid B 475-80-9 C16H9NO6
Reishi Mushroom Extract Reishi Mushroom Extract C16H23O15
Protopanaxadiol Protopanaxadiol 7755-01-3 C30H52O3
ISOVALERYLSHIKONIN ISOVALERYLSHIKONIN 52387-14-1 C21H24O6
Neferine Neferine 2292-16-2 C38H44N2O6
SOYASAPONIN I SOYASAPONIN I 51330-27-9 C48H78O18
6''-O-ACETYLGENISTIN 6''-O-ACETYLGENISTIN 73566-30-0 C23H22O11
SPINOSAD SPINOSAD 168316-95-8 C41H65NO10
Theaflavin Theaflavin 4670-05-7 C29H24O12
Akebia saponin D Akebia saponin D 39524-08-8 C47H76O18
corynoxeine corynoxeine 630-94-4 C22H26N2O4
PEONIDIN-3-GLUCOSIDE CHLORIDE PEONIDIN-3-GLUCOSIDE CHLORIDE 6906-39-4 C22H23ClO11
AGARIC ACID AGARIC ACID 666-99-9 C22H40O7
HARMALOL HARMALOL 525-57-5 C12H12N2O
BYAKANGELICIN BYAKANGELICIN 19573-01-4 C17H18O7
Corydaline Corydaline 518-69-4 C22H27NO4
SMILAGENIN SMILAGENIN 126-18-1 C27H44O3
Rutaecarpine Rutaecarpine 20575-76-2 C12H26N4O2
pedunculoside pedunculoside 42719-32-4 C36H58O10
ALLOPHYCOCYANIN ALLOPHYCOCYANIN
(+/-)-EPIBATIDINE (+/-)-EPIBATIDINE 140111-52-0 C11H13ClN2
3β,5,14-Trihydroxy-5β-bufa-20,22-dienolide 3β,5,14-Trihydroxy-5β-bufa-20,22-dienolide 472-26-4 C24H34O5
ASTRAGALOSIDE I ASTRAGALOSIDE I 84680-75-1 C45H72O16
PICROTOXININ PICROTOXININ 17617-45-7 C15H16O6
Timosaponin BII Timosaponin BII 136656-07-0 C45H76O19
Capillarisin Capillarisin 56365-38-9 C16H12O7
Macleaya cordata extract Macleaya cordata extract 112025-60-2 C41H32Cl2N2O8
OLEANDRIN OLEANDRIN 465-16-7 C32H48O9
CYCLEANINE CYCLEANINE 518-94-5 C38H42N2O6
ISOSTEVIOL ISOSTEVIOL 27975-19-5 C20H30O3
GINKGETIN GINKGETIN 481-46-9 C32H22O10
13-Acetyl-9-dihydrobaccatin III 13-Acetyl-9-dihydrobaccatin III 142203-65-4 C33H42O12
Senna Leaf Extrac Senna Leaf Extrac
4',6,7-Trimethoxyisoflavone 4',6,7-Trimethoxyisoflavone 798-61-8 C18H16O5
(1S,2S,6S,9R)-9-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]nona-4,7-diene-5-carboxylic acid (1S,2S,6S,9R)-9-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]nona-4,7-diene-5-carboxylic acid 5945-50-6 C16H22O11
Pine bark extract Pine bark extract 133248-87-0
Liguiritigenin-7-O-D-apiosyl-4’-O-D-glucoside Liguiritigenin-7-O-D-apiosyl-4’-O-D-glucoside 199796-12-8 C26H30O13
CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID C18H32O2
COLCHICOSIDE COLCHICOSIDE 477-29-2 C27H33NO11
HORSETAIL P.E HORSETAIL P.E
CITRUS AURANTIUM P.E. CITRUS AURANTIUM P.E. C9H13NO2
Febrifugine Febrifugine 24159-07-7 C16H19N3O3
Isobavachin Isobavachin 31524-62-6 C20H20O4
JATRORRHIZINE HYDROCHLORIDE JATRORRHIZINE HYDROCHLORIDE 960383-96-4 C20H21ClNO4+
PHENETHYL GLUCOSINOLATE POTASSIUM SALT PHENETHYL GLUCOSINOLATE POTASSIUM SALT 499-30-9 C15H21NO9S2
Gynostemma P.E. Gynostemma P.E.
BILOBETIN BILOBETIN 521-32-4 C31H20O10
7-OXABICYCLO[4.1.0]HEPT-3-ENE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID, 5-HYDROXY-, (1R,5S,6S)- 7-OXABICYCLO[4.1.0]HEPT-3-ENE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID, 5-HYDROXY-, (1R,5S,6S)- 171596-14-8 C7H8O4
Wheat gern oil Wheat gern oil 68917-73-7 unspecified
DIHYDROTANSHINONE DIHYDROTANSHINONE 125623-97-4 C18H14O3
SOY ISOFLAVONE SOY ISOFLAVONE
LYCORAMINE LYCORAMINE 89505-76-0 C17H24BrNO3
HOMOPLANTAGININ HOMOPLANTAGININ 17680-84-1 C22H22O11
ACONINE ACONINE 509-20-6 C25H41NO9
EUDESMOL EUDESMOL 51317-08-9 C15H26O
KAEMPFEROL-3-GLUCURONIDE KAEMPFEROL-3-GLUCURONIDE 22688-78-4 C21H18O12
DECURSIN DECURSIN 5928-25-6 C19H20O5
OXYACANTHINE SULFATE OXYACANTHINE SULFATE 6183-91-1 C37H42N2O10S
A-SPINASTEROL A-SPINASTEROL 481-18-5 C29H48O
HELLEBRIN HELLEBRIN 13289-18-4 C36H52O15
Isocorynoxeine Isocorynoxeine 51014-29-0 C22H26N2O4
PROPOLIS EXTRACT PROPOLIS EXTRACT
NORDIHYDROCAPSAICIN NORDIHYDROCAPSAICIN 28789-35-7 C17H27NO3
GYROPHORIC ACID GYROPHORIC ACID 548-89-0 C24H20O10
Black cohosh P.E. Black cohosh P.E.
TUTIN TUTIN 2571-22-4 C15H18O6
hydroxygenkwanin hydroxygenkwanin 20243-59-8 C16H12O6
3-N-BUTYLPHTHALIDE 3-N-BUTYLPHTHALIDE 6066-49-5 C12H14O2
COMMON CNIDIUM FRUIT COMMON CNIDIUM FRUIT
(+)-PHYLLODULCIN (+)-PHYLLODULCIN 21499-23-0 C16H14O5
Miltrione Miltrione 27210-57-7 C19H22O2
HINESOL HINESOL 23811-08-7 C15H26O
APIGENIN-7-GLUCURONIDE APIGENIN-7-GLUCURONIDE 29741-09-1 C21H18O11
MOGROSIDE III MOGROSIDE III 130567-83-8 C48H82O19
(-)-STYLOPINE (-)-STYLOPINE 4312-32-7 C19H17NO4
CURINE CURINE 436-05-5 C36H38N2O6
TANSHINONE IIB TANSHINONE IIB C19H18O4
Isorhychophylline Isorhychophylline
Columbin Columbin 546-97-4 C20H22O6
DL-LAUDANOSOLINE HYDROBROMIDE TRIHYDRATE DL-LAUDANOSOLINE HYDROBROMIDE TRIHYDRATE 485-33-6 C17H19NO4
polygalic acid polygalic acid 1260-04-4 C29H44O6
CARLINOSIDE CARLINOSIDE C26H28O16
ZEDOARY OIL ZEDOARY OIL
Radix Puerariae Extract Radix Puerariae Extract
ABSINTHIN ABSINTHIN 1362-42-1 C30H40O6
ASTRAGALUS ROOT RGBRM ASTRAGALUS ROOT RGBRM
ALISOL ACETATE B ALISOL ACETATE B 19865-76-0 C32H50O5
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