Chinese Herbs

Herbal chemistry refers to the subject combines modern scientific theories and methods for studying the chemical composition of herbs. The research object of herbal chemistry is the chemical composition of herbs. Herb has a very complicate chemical composition, usually containing sugars, amino acids, proteins, fats, waxes , enzymes, pigments, vitamins, organic acids, tannins, inorganic salts, essential oils, alkaloids, glycosides and so on. Each herb may contain a variety of ingredients. In these ingredients, there are some types with obvious biological activity and can play a role in health care, often referred to as the active ingredient, such as alkaloids, glycosides, volatile oils, amino acids and so on.

The reason why herbs have medical effects is mainly due to the active ingredients contained in them. In addition to the many kinds of herbal active ingredient that have already been studied and widely applied in the past, such as anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial berberine, the ephedrine contained ephedra for asthma treatment, the anti-hypertension ingredient, reserpine contained in Rauvolfia verticillata, in recent years, it has been found of many more active ingredients contained in Chinese herb from both domestic and abroad. It has been particularly studied of the biological active ingredients in the field of anti-tumor, the treatment of cardiovascular disease and chronic bronchitis. Other ingredients are universally presented in the herbal kingdom, but usually have no biological activity without any pharmaceutical effect, thereby being known as "ineffective ingredients", such as carbohydrates, proteins, pigments, resins, and inorganic salts. However, the definition of “effective” and “ineffective” is not absolute, and some components originally considered as invalid have also become active ingredients later due to the presence of the biological activity contained in it. For example, the polysaccharide contained in mushrooms and poria cocos has certain anti-tumor effect; seaweed polysaccharide has lipid-lowering effect; the radices trichosanthis protein has a labor induction effect; tannin is widely presented in the herbal kingdom. Although it generally has no major effect on the treatment of diseases, thereby often being considered as a kind of inactive ingredient, the tannin contained in gall, Polygonum cuspidatum and sanguisorba officinalis, because of the high content and certain biological activity, is treated as a kind of active ingredient; another example is that the mucus is usually considered as ineffective ingredient, and is treated as an active ingredient in rhizome beltillae.

Owing to the development of modern science, the separation methods of all kinds of sophisticated quantitative methods tend to be fast, enabling the further deepened analysis on the chemical composition of herbs. In particular, people has combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, linking the separation, purification and identification, several steps together,  improving the speed and accuracy of structure determination, further opening broad prospects for the study of the chemical composition of herbs, in the 1950s, due to the discovery in folk medicine of blood pressure-lowering component, Rauwolfia alkaloids reserpine, and the discovery of the anticancer component, vincaleukoblastinum from Catharanthus roseus, there is a renewed emphasis on the study of the ingredients contained in folk herbal plant in the international scientific community. It is especially worth mentioning that many countries around the world are now competing on screening active anti-cancer ingredient from the plant drugs. In China, in recent years, it has been found from herbs Artemisia annua of artemisinin, being a fast-acting anti-malarial drug; the agrimophol identified from the bud and roots of Agrimonia pilosa has excellent tenia-expelling effect; the farrerol identified from Rhododendron and other studies on the components of ginseng and acanthopanax have all clarified that herbal chemistry has made substantial progress.

It can be expected that in the field of a number of drugs for the treatment of major disease, will soon obtain some new breakthroughs from plant ingredients. In the foundation of achieving a major success in the research of herbal and plant effective component, people has developed a new subject of plant tissue culture, which is a new area of research engaged in studying the production of secondary metabolites from plant tissue after artificial culture process, which aims to directionally produce a lot of active ingredients in favor of the industrial production. For example, the crude soap content in the ginseng tissue culture can be up to 21%. Meanwhile, it is promising that tissue culture can develop into an effective method of analyzing the biosynthetic pathway of plant components. The proposed chemical plant taxonomy in the recent nearly three decades is exactly the development of the chemical constituents of plants, namely hoping to develop a truly natural classification system from the distribution principle of metabolites in plants (chemical composition). It will promote the study of the kinship of plants from the angle of the chemical constituents.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
Grape seeds powdered extract Grape seeds powdered extract
BLETILLA STRIATA ROOT EXTRACT BLETILLA STRIATA ROOT EXTRACT
VICINE VICINE C10H16N4O7
JUJUBOSIDE A(P) JUJUBOSIDE A(P)
JUVENILE HORMONE III JUVENILE HORMONE III 34218-61-6 C17H28O3
BYAKANGELICOL BYAKANGELICOL 61046-59-1 C17H16O6
Tetrandrine Tetrandrine
ISOQUERCETIN(P) ISOQUERCETIN(P)
dihydrocucurbitacin F dihydrocucurbitacin F C30H48O7
Fuziline Fuziline C24H39NO7
(-)-TEPHROSIN (-)-TEPHROSIN 76-80-2 C23H22O7
1- Amino-cyclopropane-1-acid hydrochloride 1- Amino-cyclopropane-1-acid hydrochloride
PLANTAGININ PLANTAGININ C21H20O11
Kava Kava P.E Kava Kava P.E
MEDICAGOL MEDICAGOL 1983-72-8 C16H8O6
Triptolide Triptolide
Pariphyllin Pariphyllin 39012-21-0 C44H70O16
Magnolflorine Magnolflorine
schinifoline schinifoline 80554-58-1 C17H23NO
luteolin-7-glucuronide luteolin-7-glucuronide 29741-10-4 C21H18O12
LAURIFOLINE LAURIFOLINE 7224-61-5 C20H24NO4
Olive leaf Ext Olive leaf Ext
Apple P.E Apple P.E
BENZYL URSOLATE BENZYL URSOLATE C37H54O3
EMODIN MONOMETHYL ETHER EMODIN MONOMETHYL ETHER
Hops Extract Hops Extract
Picrocrocin Picrocrocin 138-55-6 C16H26O7
marmesin marmesin 13849-08-6 C14H14O4
ADYNERIN ADYNERIN 35109-93-4 C30H44O7
Rhodexin ABCD Rhodexin ABCD
Corchoroside A Corchoroside A C29H42O9
Hawthorne Berry P.E Hawthorne Berry P.E
Pogostone Pogostone
Pumkin seed P.E Pumkin seed P.E
Tomato P.E Tomato P.E
(+)-SYLVATESMIN (+)-SYLVATESMIN 487-39-8 C21H24O6
HOMOARBUTIN HOMOARBUTIN C13H18O7
Wogonoside Wogonoside
Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides
DEOXYFUCONOJIRIMYCIN, HYDROCHLORIDE DEOXYFUCONOJIRIMYCIN, HYDROCHLORIDE 99212-30-3 C6H13NO3
ACONOSINE ACONOSINE 38839-95-1 C22H35NO4
ASTILBIN ASTILBIN C21H22O10
Oat Straw Ext Oat Straw Ext
DIHYDROLANOSTEROL DIHYDROLANOSTEROL 79-62-9 C30H52O
CATALPOSIDE(RG) CATALPOSIDE(RG)
LINARIN(P) LINARIN(P)
rhapontisterone rhapontisterone 137476-71-2 C27H44O8
Pseudoaspidin Pseudoaspidin 478-28-4 C25H32O8
MONOTROPEIN MONOTROPEIN C16H22O11
(-)-SINOACUTINE (-)-SINOACUTINE C19H21NO4
Α-AMYRIN Α-AMYRIN 508-04-3 C30H50O
RUTAEVIN(P) RUTAEVIN(P)
Cordyceps Ext Cordyceps Ext
Quercetin-3 -O-α-L-arabinoside Quercetin-3 -O-α-L-arabinoside
LUPULONE(P) LUPULONE(P) C21H30O5
VASICINE(P) VASICINE(P)
GLABRENE GLABRENE 60008-03-9 C20H18O4
Dahurian Rhododendron Leaf P.E Dahurian Rhododendron Leaf P.E
EDULTIN EDULTIN 15591-75-0 C21H22O7
2'-O-RHAMNOSYLICARISIDE II 2'-O-RHAMNOSYLICARISIDE II 135293-13-9 C33H40O14
HUMULONE HUMULONE C21H30O5
BRUCEINE E BRUCEINE E C20H28O9
GINKGO LEAVES EXTRACT GINKGO LEAVES EXTRACT
DELAVACONITINE DELAVACONITINE C30H41NO6
methyl (3beta,19alpha,20alpha)-16,17-didehydro-10,11-dimethoxy-19-methyloxayohimban-16-carboxylate methyl (3beta,19alpha,20alpha)-16,17-didehydro-10,11-dimethoxy-19-methyloxayohimban-16-carboxylate 131-02-2 C23H28N2O5
Cyclobirobuxine Cyclobirobuxine
Artemisinin Artemisinin
Total Tubeimosides Total Tubeimosides
d-tetrahydropalmatine d-tetrahydropalmatine 6024-83-5 C21H26ClNO4
Arundoin Arundoin 4555-56-0 C31H52O
cyclanoline cyclanoline 18556-27-9 C20H24NO4+
Rehmannioside ABCD Rehmannioside ABCD
Herba Siegesbeckiae extract Herba Siegesbeckiae extract
COLUMBIN COLUMBIN C20H22O6
Grape Seed P.E Grape Seed P.E
Achyranthes Bidentata  extract Achyranthes Bidentata extract
Curcumenol Curcumenol C15H24O2
QINGHAOSU II QINGHAOSU II
Centella asiatica whole plant Centella asiatica whole plant
Catalpol std. Catalpol std. C15H22O10
Nettle Extract Nettle Extract
PINORESINOL DIGLUCOSIDE PINORESINOL DIGLUCOSIDE C32H42O16
Beiwutine Beiwutine 76918-93-9 C33H45NO12
BERGAPTOL(SH) BERGAPTOL(SH)
Adenanthin Adenanthin 111917-59-0 C26H34O9
Onjisaponin ABCD Onjisaponin ABCD
BRITANIN BRITANIN C19H26O7
SKIMMIANINE SKIMMIANINE C14H15NO4
TribulusP.E. TribulusP.E.
GERMACRONE GERMACRONE 32663-51-7 C15H22O
Pseudolycorine Pseudolycorine C16H19NO4
VILMORRIANINE A VILMORRIANINE A C35H49NO10
Purple Perilla Seed Oil Purple Perilla Seed Oil
Coriamyrtin Coriamyrtin 2571-86-0 C15H18O5
3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside C36H58O9
pseudohyoscyamine pseudohyoscyamine 280-05-7 C7H13N
Cat`s claw P.E Cat`s claw P.E
ANDROMEDOTOXIN ANDROMEDOTOXIN 4720-09-6 C22H36O7
ARTEMETIN ARTEMETIN C20H20O8
SAIKOGENIN A SAIKOGENIN A C30H48O4
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