Polypeptide

Peptide refers to a compound made from the dehydration and further condensation of two or more amino acids. The simplest peptide is composed of two amino acids, called di-peptide. Peptide consisting of multiple amino acids is called polypeptide. Polypeptide consisting of more than 50 amino acids is usually referred to as protein. Peptide is widely distributed in animals, plants and micro-organisms and has important physiological roles. It have various specific effects on growth and development, cell differentiation, brain activity, tumor diseases, immune defense, reproduction control, and anti-aging and other aspects of biological activity. For example, the glutathione is the coenzyme of certain enzymes, playing an important role in the redox processes in vivo. Many kinds of hormones belong to the polypeptide such as oxytocin, vasopressin, glucagon, and adrenocorticotropic hormone. They can regulate the body's metabolism. The hormone regulatory factors secreted by the hypothalamus adjustment factor are also polypeptides. They control the secretion of hormone by other kinds of endocrine glands. In recent years, it has found that the enkephalin (a pentapeptide) in the brain of higher animals has analgesic effect. Many antibiotics produced by microorganisms such as polymyxin, gramicidin, etc. are all peptides with a strong antibacterial effect.

Polypeptide refers to a long chain consisting of a number of amino acid units connected with each other by peptide bonds. There is no strict boundary between the definition of peptides and proteins. We generally refer to a polypeptide comprising only dozens or fewer amino acid units as peptides while referring to the polypeptide containing lot of amino acid units as protein. We often call the amino acid unit contained in polypeptide amino acid residue because these units connected to each other have lost part of the molecule, rather than being as the intact amino acid. Only amino acid residues at both ends of the peptide chain contain free α- amino group or a free α- carboxyl group. The terminal amino acid residue containing free α- amino-terminal residues is called amino group terminal (or N-terminal) residue while the terminal residue containing freedom α- carboxyl- is called the carboxy terminus (or C-terminal) residue. The naming of the polypeptide is according to the order form N terminal residues to C-terminal residues. We also use this order for writing.
For example, the pentapeptide Ser • Gly • Try • Ala • Leu consists of five amino acid residues and four peptide linkages, called glycyl-seryl-tyrosyl-alanyl-leucine. Peptide is widely found in plant and animal tissues with a number of peptides in vivo having special features, collectively known bioactive peptides.

In recent years, it has been found that: almost all the major theories of life sciences, such as immune defense, reproduction control, tumor lesions, and anti-aging all have related bioactive peptides. These theoretical issues are all closely related to the clinical practice, thus the biologically active peptide is also important in practical applications. There are many kinds of bioactive peptides. For example, the adrenocorticotropic hormone that can stimulate the development of adrenal cortex is a kind of 39 peptides; the oxytocin that can cause the contraction of the uterus belongs to nonapeptide; the two kinds of enkephalins having morphine activity are both pentapeptides. Many kinds of antibiotics are also peptides. Another example is the growth factor that is controlled by genes, playing regulatory and controlling effect in cell development. This kind of important material also belongs to polypeptide. Epidermal growth factor contains 50 amino acid residues; the nerve growth factor contains 118 amino acid residues.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
Secretin Secretin 17034-35-4 C130H220N44O41
L(-)-10-Camphorsulfonyl chloride L(-)-10-Camphorsulfonyl chloride 39262-22-1 C10H15ClO3S
(1S)-(+)-Camphor-10-sulphonic acid (1S)-(+)-Camphor-10-sulphonic acid 3144-16-9 C10H16O4S
Eptifibatide Eptifibatide 188627-80-7 C35H49N11O9S2
Pralmorelin Pralmorelin 158861-67-7 C45H55N9O6
Deslorelin Deslorelin 57773-65-6 C64H83N17O12
(R)-(-)-4-BENZYL-3-PROPIONYL-2-OXAZOLIDINONE (R)-(-)-4-BENZYL-3-PROPIONYL-2-OXAZOLIDINONE 131685-53-5 C13H15NO3
Hexarelin Hexarelin 140703-51-1 C47H58N12O6
Azilsartan Azilsartan 147403-03-0 C25H20N4O5
Octreotide acetate Octreotide acetate 83150-76-9 C49H66N10O10S2
(R)-(+)-1,1'-Bi-2-naphthol (R)-(+)-1,1'-Bi-2-naphthol 18531-94-7 C20H14O2
(S)-(+)-4-Phenyl-2-oxazolidinone (S)-(+)-4-Phenyl-2-oxazolidinone 99395-88-7 C9H9NO2
(S)-4-Benzyl-2-oxazolidinone (S)-4-Benzyl-2-oxazolidinone 90719-32-7 C10H11NO2
(S)-(+)-4-Isopropyl-3-propionyl-2-oxazolidinone (S)-(+)-4-Isopropyl-3-propionyl-2-oxazolidinone 77877-19-1 C9H15NO3
(4S)-(+)-4-Benzyl-3-propionyl-2-oxazolidinone (4S)-(+)-4-Benzyl-3-propionyl-2-oxazolidinone 101711-78-8 C13H15NO3
(S)-(-)-1,1'-Bi-2-naphthol (S)-(-)-1,1'-Bi-2-naphthol 18531-99-2 C20H14O2
Enfuvirtide Enfuvirtide 159519-65-0 C204H301N51O64
Sincalide Sincalide 25126-32-3 C49H62N10O16S3
Exendin-3 (9-39) amide Exendin-3 (9-39) amide 133514-43-9 C149H234N40O47S
H-ARG-PRO-PRO-GLY-PHE-SER-PRO-OH ACETATE SALT H-ARG-PRO-PRO-GLY-PHE-SER-PRO-OH ACETATE SALT 23815-87-4 C35H52N10O9
(N-ACETYL)-(4R)-BENZYL-2-OXAZOLIDINONE (N-ACETYL)-(4R)-BENZYL-2-OXAZOLIDINONE 132836-66-9 C12H13NO3
ANGIOTENSIN II, HUMAN ANGIOTENSIN II, HUMAN 4474-91-3 C50H71N13O12
GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE I FRAGMENT 7-36 AMIDE HUMAN GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE I FRAGMENT 7-36 AMIDE HUMAN 107444-51-9 C149H226N40O45
ALPHA-MSH ALPHA-MSH 581-05-5 C77H109N21O19S
NS-398 NS-398 123653-11-2 C13H18N2O5S
CRF (HUMAN, RAT) CRF (HUMAN, RAT) 86784-80-7 C208H344N60O63S2
Amyloid β-Peptide (1-42) (human) Amyloid β-Peptide (1-42) (human) 107761-42-2 C203H311N55O60S1
Bombesin Bombesin 31362-50-2 C71H110N24O18S
Ziconotide acetate Ziconotide acetate 107452-89-1 C102H172N36O32S7
H-TYR-GLY-GLY-PHE-MET-OH H-TYR-GLY-GLY-PHE-MET-OH 58569-55-4 C27H35N5O7S
Melanotan 1 Melanotan 1 75921-69-6 C78H111N21O19
Pramlintide acetate Pramlintide acetate 196078-30-5 C173H273N51O56S2
ENDOTHELIN 1 HUMAN, PORCINE ENDOTHELIN 1 HUMAN, PORCINE 117399-94-7 C109H159N25O32S5
Exenatide acetate Exenatide acetate 141732-76-5 C186H286N50O62S
(R)-DI-2-NAPHTHYLPROLINOL (R)-DI-2-NAPHTHYLPROLINOL 130798-48-0 C25H23NO
Dynorphin A (1-13) Dynorphin A (1-13) 72957-38-1 C75H126N24O15
ALBUMIN, BOVINE ALBUMIN, BOVINE 68551-06-4
AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN (HUMAN, 25-35) TRIFLUOROACETATE AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN (HUMAN, 25-35) TRIFLUOROACETATE 131602-53-4 C45H81N13O14S
Thymopentin Thymopentin 69558-55-0 C30H49N9O9
Atosiban Atosiban 90779-69-4 C43H67N11O12S2
Antide Antide 112568-12-4 C82H108ClN17O14
Felypressin Felypressin 56-59-7 C46H65N13O11S2
Exendin-4 Exendin-4 141758-74-9 C184H282N50O60S
(R)-4-Benzyl-2-oxazolidinone (R)-4-Benzyl-2-oxazolidinone 102029-44-7 C10H11NO2
Eledoisin Eledoisin 69-25-0 C54H85N13O15S
(R)-(-)-3-PROPIONYL-4-ISOPROPYL-2-OXAZOLIDINONE (R)-(-)-3-PROPIONYL-4-ISOPROPYL-2-OXAZOLIDINONE 89028-40-0 C9H15NO3
(4S)-(-)-4-Isopropyl-2-oxazolidinone (4S)-(-)-4-Isopropyl-2-oxazolidinone 17016-83-0 C6H11NO2
Growth hormone releasing peptide Growth hormone releasing peptide 87616-84-0 C46H56N12O6
Histrelin Histrelin 76712-82-8 C66H86N18O12
Nesiritide acetate Nesiritide acetate 114471-18-0 C143H244N50O42S4
(R)-(-)-4-Phenyl-2-oxazolidinone (R)-(-)-4-Phenyl-2-oxazolidinone 90319-52-1 C9H9NO2
VIP VIP 40077-57-4 C147H238N44O42S
Bivalirudin Bivalirudin 128270-60-0 C98H138N24O33
(R)-(+)-4-Isopropyl-2-oxazolidinone (R)-(+)-4-Isopropyl-2-oxazolidinone 95530-58-8 C6H11NO2
FERTIRELIN FERTIRELIN 38234-21-8 C55H76N16O12
BETA-MSH, HUMAN BETA-MSH, HUMAN 17908-57-5 C118H174N34O35S
FORMOTHION FORMOTHION 2540-82-1 C6H12NO4PS2
CHARYBDOTOXIN CHARYBDOTOXIN 95751-30-7 C176H277N57O55S7
AC-DEVD-AMC AC-DEVD-AMC 169332-61-0 C30H37N5O13
GHRELIN (RAT) GHRELIN (RAT) 258338-12-4 C147H245N45O42
D-Cyclohexylalaninol D-Cyclohexylalaninol 205445-49-4 C9H19NO
CYS-TYR-ILE-GLN-ASN-CYS-PRO-ARG-GLY-NH2 CYS-TYR-ILE-GLN-ASN-CYS-PRO-ARG-GLY-NH2 113-80-4 C43H67N15O12S2
Angiotensin acetate Angiotensin acetate 20071-00-5 C51H74N14O13
OREXIN B (HUMAN) OREXIN B (HUMAN) 205640-91-1 C123H212N44O35S
CAERULEIN CAERULEIN 17650-98-5 C58H73N13O21S2
Taltirelin Taltirelin 103300-74-9 C17H23N7O5
(4S,5R)-(-)-4-METHYL-5-PHENYL-2-OXAZOLIDINONE (4S,5R)-(-)-4-METHYL-5-PHENYL-2-OXAZOLIDINONE 16251-45-9 C10H11NO2
GALANIN, PORCINE GALANIN, PORCINE 88813-36-9 C146H213N43O40
GRF (1-44) (HUMAN) GRF (1-44) (HUMAN) 83930-13-6 C215H358N72O66S
Seractide Seractide 12279-41-3 C207H308N56O58S1
H-ILE-LYS-PRO-GLU-ALA-PRO-GLY-GLU-ASP-ALA-SER-PRO-GLU-GLU-LEU-ASN-ARG-TYR-TYR-ALA-SER-LEU-ARG-HIS-TYR-LEU-ASN-LEU-VAL-THR-ARG-GLN-ARG-TYR-NH2 H-ILE-LYS-PRO-GLU-ALA-PRO-GLY-GLU-ASP-ALA-SER-PRO-GLU-GLU-LEU-ASN-ARG-TYR-TYR-ALA-SER-LEU-ARG-HIS-TYR-LEU-ASN-LEU-VAL-THR-ARG-GLN-ARG-TYR-NH2 123583-37-9 C180H278N53O54R
Leupeptin Leupeptin 103476-89-7 C20H40N6O8S
NEUROKININ A NEUROKININ A 86933-74-6 C50H80N14O14S
AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN (HUMAN, 1-40) TRIFLUOROACETATE AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN (HUMAN, 1-40) TRIFLUOROACETATE 131438-79-4 C194H295N53O58S
AC-YVAD-CHO AC-YVAD-CHO 143313-51-3 C23H32N4O8
MASTOPARAN MASTOPARAN 72093-21-1 C70H131N19O15
SER-PHE-LEU-LEU-ARG-ASN-PRO-ASN-ASP-LYS-TYR-GLU-PRO-PHE SER-PHE-LEU-LEU-ARG-ASN-PRO-ASN-ASP-LYS-TYR-GLU-PRO-PHE 137339-65-2 C81H118N20O23
MELITTIN MELITTIN 20449-79-0 C131H229N39O31
Thymosin beta 4 Thymosin beta 4 77591-33-4 C212H350N56O78S
NEUROTENSIN NEUROTENSIN 55508-42-4 C78H121N21O20
BPP 9A BPP 9A 35115-60-7 C53H76N14O12
Trypsin inhibitor Trypsin inhibitor 9035-81-8 NULL
ASP-PHE-ASP-MET-LEU-ARG-CYS-MET-LEU-GLY-ARG-VAL-TYR-ARG-PRO-CYS-TRP-GLN-VAL ASP-PHE-ASP-MET-LEU-ARG-CYS-MET-LEU-GLY-ARG-VAL-TYR-ARG-PRO-CYS-TRP-GLN-VAL 128315-56-0 C105H160N30O26S4
(4R,5S)-(+)-4-METHYL-5-PHENYL-2-OXAZOLIDINONE (4R,5S)-(+)-4-METHYL-5-PHENYL-2-OXAZOLIDINONE 77943-39-6 C10H11NO2
H-CYS-SER-CYS-SER-SER-TRP-LEU-ASP-LYS-GLU-CYS-VAL-TYR-PHE-CYS-HIS-LEU-ASP-ILE-ILE-TRP-OH H-CYS-SER-CYS-SER-SER-TRP-LEU-ASP-LYS-GLU-CYS-VAL-TYR-PHE-CYS-HIS-LEU-ASP-ILE-ILE-TRP-OH 123562-20-9 C115H160N26O32S4
PACAP38 PACAP38 137061-48-4 C203H331N63O53S1
PEPTIDE YY, HUMAN PEPTIDE YY, HUMAN 118997-30-1 C194H295N55O57
AMYLIN, HUMAN AMYLIN, HUMAN 122384-88-7 C8H17O3*
H-HIS-SER-ASP-GLY-ILE-PHE-THR-ASP-SER-TYR-SER-ARG-TYR-ARG-LYS-GLN-MET-ALA-VAL-LYS-LYS-TYR-LEU-ALA-ALA-VAL-LEU-NH2 H-HIS-SER-ASP-GLY-ILE-PHE-THR-ASP-SER-TYR-SER-ARG-TYR-ARG-LYS-GLN-MET-ALA-VAL-LYS-LYS-TYR-LEU-ALA-ALA-VAL-LEU-NH2 127317-03-7 C142H224N40O39S
TYR-GLY-GLY-PHE-LEU-ARG-ARG-ILE-ARG-PRO-LYS-LEU-LYS-TRP-ASP-ASN-GLN-NH2 TYR-GLY-GLY-PHE-LEU-ARG-ARG-ILE-ARG-PRO-LYS-LEU-LYS-TRP-ASP-ASN-GLN-NH2 80448-90-4 C99H155N31O23
NOCICEPTIN NOCICEPTIN C79H129N27O22
AC-DEVD-AFC AC-DEVD-AFC 201608-14-2 C30H34F3N5O13
ALPHA-CGRP (8-37) (HUMAN) ALPHA-CGRP (8-37) (HUMAN) 119911-68-1 C139H230N44O38
(LEU31,PRO34)-NEUROPEPTIDE Y (PORCINE) (LEU31,PRO34)-NEUROPEPTIDE Y (PORCINE) 125580-28-1 C190H286N54O56
OMEGA-CONOTOXIN GVIA OMEGA-CONOTOXIN GVIA 106375-28-4 C120H182N38O43S6
PROTAMINE SULFATE PROTAMINE SULFATE 9009-65-8 H2O4S
X-GAL X-GAL 72122-63-5 C30H37N5O7
NEUROKININ B NEUROKININ B 86933-75-7 C55H79N13O14S2
Carbetocin Carbetocin 37025-55-1 C45H69N11O12S
CALCITONIN, HUMAN CALCITONIN, HUMAN 21215-62-3 C151H226N40O45S3
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