Catalyst and Auxiliary

The catalyst can change the reaction rate in the chemical reaction, and the composition and the quality of the catalyst can be kept constant after the reaction. The catalyst that accelerates the reaction is called the positive catalyst, slows down called Negative Catalyst or slow agent. It said catalyst is a positive catalyst for the general correction. This kind of catalyst in the industry, especially the organic chemical industry used more, and has great significance, Such as sulfuric acid prepared by contacting, ammonia, hydrolysis of the ester and polysaccharide, Oil Hydrogenation, etc. Commonly used catalysts are mainly metal, metal oxide and inorganic acid. If the catalyst is solid, the substance of the reaction is gas, to form a multi-phase catalytic reaction, this catalyst, sometimes called catalyst or contact agent. The catalyst is generally selective, it can only make a reaction or a certain type of reaction to speed up. But some reaction can be used for a variety of catalysts, such as the hydrogenation reaction can often be platinum, palladium, nickel, should be carefully chosen. In the catalytic reaction, the catalyst is often added cocatalyst known to enhance catalytic action of the catalyst. For example, iron is a catalyst in ammonia industry, adding a small amount of potassium and aluminum can enhance the catalytic effect of iron. The composition and weight of the catalyst and cocatalyst cannot change before and after the reaction. All of the above are inorganic catalysts. The enzyme is a protein, is very important organic catalyst.

There are many kinds of catalyst, catalyst and reaction system according to the phase of the classification, there are two types of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. Heterogeneous catalysts most widely used, there are 3 kinds of gas, liquid and solid state, the variety and application of solid catalyst. The solid catalyst, which is made of metal (nickel, platinum, palladium, chromium, cobalt, titanium, vanadium, etc.) or metal oxide (copper oxide, vanadium pentoxide, lead oxide), is dispersed and deposited on the carrier in order to obtain a good dispersion effect and increase the specific surface area. The catalyst requires reliable activity, stability, selectivity, long working life, not easy to poisoning and over-burning, easy to regenerate. In order to improve the catalytic efficiency, the pure metal catalysts are made into alloy catalysts (such as nickel aluminium alloy) and composite catalysts (ZieglerNatta). The composite catalyst is composed of main catalyst and co-catalyst. In the new efficient catalysts also add other components. The production and development of high efficiency catalyst have promoted the development of polymer materials, and produced much polymer function and structure material ,which is new generation of high performance and high added value.

With the extensive application of catalyst and a number of new catalysts, we can make a lot of new chemical reactions to achieve industrialization, in order to provide an increasing number of chemical products; also can make some of the original chemical reaction conditions have been improved, in order to improve the production efficiency and product quality, make full use of resources. The important subject in the field of modern chemistry and chemical research is to select and develop more and better catalyst for the new generation. But the role of a catalyst is not beneficial to humans, such as combustion products of supersonic jet fuel as a catalyst can cause the stratosphere (10 to 50 km altitude) decomposition of ozone in the atmosphere, to the sun's ultraviolet absorption decreased, resulting in some areas of skin cancer patients increased. Is developing a new supersonic jet fuel, its combustion products will not become a catalyst,which will cause the ozone decomposition catalyst in the stratosphere.

Additives are added in the industrial and agricultural production, especially in the chemical production of some of the auxiliary chemicals, its role is to improve the production process, improve product quality and yield, or to give the product a unique application performance.

Additive are large class of important chemical in the production of auxiliary raw materials, they can give a special performance to product, improve use of finished products; and can accelerate the chemical reaction rate, improve product yield; they can save raw materials, improve processing efficiency. Additives are widely used in the chemical industry, especially organic synthesis, synthetic material processing and petroleum refining, pesticide, medicine, dye, paint and other industrial sectors. Additives can be divided into synthesized additives and processing additives. Synthetic additives are used in monomer synthesis and polymerization of a variety of auxiliary agents in resin, fiber, rubber, etc. They include catalysts, initiators, solvents, dispersants, emulsifiers, polymerization inhibitors, regulators, termination agents, etc. Processing aid refers to the auxiliary chemicals used in the manufacture of raw rubber, plastics processing, chemical fiber spinning and spinning process, including plasticizers, heat stabilizers, antioxidants, light stabilizers , flame retardants, blowing agents, lubricants, mold release agents, curing agents, accelerators, softeners, anti-scorching agents, surfactants, oils, fillers, etc. In these additives, many of them are dangerous chemicals, Such as benzoyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, hydrogen peroxide - ferrous blue, alkyl aluminum chloride, titanium and other initiators, catalysts are inflammable and explosive materials, should be required to "chemical Dangerous Goods Safety Management Regulations", for storage, transportation, operation and use.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
STA-PEG-SH STA-PEG-SH
QPhos Pd G3 QPhos Pd G3 2021255-91-2 C61H56FeNO3PPdS
mPEG6-Silane mPEG6-Silane
2-(2,6-Dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-4-[2-[2-(2-propyn-1-yloxy)oxy]ethoxy]-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)dione 2-(2,6-Dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-4-[2-[2-(2-propyn-1-yloxy)oxy]ethoxy]-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)dione 2098487-52-4 C20H20N2O7
DSPE-PEG-Rhodamine DSPE-PEG-Rhodamine
DIAMMINEDIIODOPALLADIUM(II) DIAMMINEDIIODOPALLADIUM(II) 14219-60-4 H6I2N2Pd
NA NA
Pomalidomide-PEG3-Amine HCl salt Pomalidomide-PEG3-Amine HCl salt 2446474-09-3
SH-(CH2)11-PEG3-OH SH-(CH2)11-PEG3-OH
OH-PEG-SG OH-PEG-SG
AlKyne-PEG-EPO AlKyne-PEG-EPO
ACA-PEG-SA ACA-PEG-SA
SG-PEG-COOH SG-PEG-COOH
Ph-PEG-NHS Ph-PEG-NHS
C18-PEG-COOH C18-PEG-COOH
PCL(2K)-PEG-COOH PCL(2K)-PEG-COOH
8-ArmPEG-(2ARM-Mal,6ARM-Biotin) 8-ArmPEG-(2ARM-Mal,6ARM-Biotin)
mPEG-Trimethoxysilane mPEG-Trimethoxysilane
(η(5):η(1)-C13H8SiMe2N(t)Bu)TiCl2 (η(5):η(1)-C13H8SiMe2N(t)Bu)TiCl2
Antioxidant 5057 Antioxidant 5057 68411-46-1 C20H27N
Palladium, [1,1'-(1,4-butanediyl)bis[1,1-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phosphine-κP]]dichloro-, (SP-4-2)- Palladium, [1,1'-(1,4-butanediyl)bis[1,1-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phosphine-κP]]dichloro-, (SP-4-2)- 1041005-51-9 C20H46Cl2P2Pd
Palladium, [μ-[1,1'-(1,4-butanediyl)bis[1,1-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phosphine-κP]]]bis(methanesulfonato-κO)bis[2'-(methylamino-κN)[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl-κC]di- Palladium, [μ-[1,1'-(1,4-butanediyl)bis[1,1-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phosphine-κP]]]bis(methanesulfonato-κO)bis[2'-(methylamino-κN)[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl-κC]di- 2756973-35-8 C48H74N2O6P2Pd2S2
E type epoxy resin E type epoxy resin
Palladium, [μ-[1,1'-(1,4-butanediyl)bis[1,1-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phosphine-κP]]]bis[(1,2,3-η)-(2E)-2-buten-1-yl]dichlorodi- Palladium, [μ-[1,1'-(1,4-butanediyl)bis[1,1-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phosphine-κP]]]bis[(1,2,3-η)-(2E)-2-buten-1-yl]dichlorodi- 2756973-34-7 C28H54Cl2P2Pd2
alpha-Biotin-omega-carboxy succinimidyl ester poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-MW 10.000 Dalton) alpha-Biotin-omega-carboxy succinimidyl ester poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-MW 10.000 Dalton) C22H34N4O8S
DICHLOROBIS(TRIBUTYLPHOSPHINE)NICKEL(II) DICHLOROBIS(TRIBUTYLPHOSPHINE)NICKEL(II) 15274-43-8 C24H54Cl2NiP2
tBuXPhos Pd G1 tBuXPhos Pd G1 1142811-12-8 C37H55ClNPPd
Grela 2nd Generation Grela 2nd Generation 502964-52-5 C31H36Cl2N3O3Ru
DSPE-PEG-NH2 DSPE-PEG-NH2 474922-26-4 (C2H4O)nC44H87N2O10P·H3N
CHOLESTEROL, WATER SOLUBLE CHOLESTEROL, WATER SOLUBLE 69068-97-9
Polyethylene glycol-G-maleimide Polyethylene glycol-G-maleimide
Bisphenol F epoxy resin Bisphenol F epoxy resin
PEG-g-NH2 PEG-g-NH2
mPEG-GAA(mPEG-Glutaramide acid) mPEG-GAA(mPEG-Glutaramide acid)
GAA-PEG-GAA(Glutaramide Acid-PEG-Glutaramide Acid) GAA-PEG-GAA(Glutaramide Acid-PEG-Glutaramide Acid)
N3-PEG-Biotin N3-PEG-Biotin
IA-PEG-COOH IA-PEG-COOH
Thiol-PEG4-azide Thiol-PEG4-azide
Retinoic acid PEG NHS Retinoic acid PEG NHS
Niacin PEG FITC Niacin PEG FITC
Cholic acid PEG NHS Cholic acid PEG NHS
CHO-PEG12-MAL CHO-PEG12-MAL
TAMRA-PEG4-Tetrazine TAMRA-PEG4-Tetrazine
Platinum on activated carbon 5% Pt Platinum on activated carbon 5% Pt Pt
NA NA
NA NA
(η(5):η(1)-C9H6SiMe2N(t)Bu)ZrCl2 (η(5):η(1)-C9H6SiMe2N(t)Bu)ZrCl2 135571-34-5 C15H19Cl2NSiZr
No. 26 industrial white oil No. 26 industrial white oil
mPEG-Palmitic acid mPEG-Palmitic acid
PCL(10K)-PEG-NH2 PCL(10K)-PEG-NH2
PCL(5K)-PEG-NH2 PCL(5K)-PEG-NH2
Cy3.5-PEG-NH2 Cy3.5-PEG-NH2
DSPE-PEG-Cy7.5 DSPE-PEG-Cy7.5
Ruthenium powder Ruthenium powder Ru
Carbon ten Carbon ten
Carbon catalyst Carbon catalyst
Binder Binder
MW:350 MW:350
TINUVIN 571 TINUVIN 571 23328-53-2 C25H35N3O
FITC-PEG-FITC FITC-PEG-FITC
8-ArmPEG-(1Arm-N3,7Arm-carboxylic acid) 8-ArmPEG-(1Arm-N3,7Arm-carboxylic acid)
ACA-PEG-N3 ACA-PEG-N3
Benzyl-PEG11-CH2CH2COOH Benzyl-PEG11-CH2CH2COOH
Benzyl-PEG32-OH Benzyl-PEG32-OH
CLS-PEG-Mal CLS-PEG-Mal
COOH-PEG24-NH2.HCl COOH-PEG24-NH2.HCl
DMPE-PEG-NH2 DMPE-PEG-NH2
DPPE-PEG-NH2 DPPE-PEG-NH2
FA-PEG3-NH2 FA-PEG3-NH2
FA-PEG-LA FA-PEG-LA
IA-PEG-FITC IA-PEG-FITC
mPEG-LNA mPEG-LNA
N3-PEG-Alkene N3-PEG-Alkene
PLGA(1.8K)-PEG-COOH PLGA(1.8K)-PEG-COOH
STA-PEG-NH2 STA-PEG-NH2
Pomalidomide-PEG1-azide Pomalidomide-PEG1-azide 2133360-04-8 C17H16N6O6
POLYISOPRENE  TRANS POLYISOPRENE TRANS 104389-32-4 [CH2CH=C(CH3)CH2]n
BocNH-PEG11-CH2CH2N3
BocNH-PEG11-CH2CH2N3 2395004-21-2 C29H58N4O13
Palladium acetate catalyst Palladium acetate catalyst
Palladium ruthenium carbonate catalyst Palladium ruthenium carbonate catalyst
Thalidomide-linker 14 Thalidomide-linker 14 2376990-30-4 C21H27ClN4O8
LITHIUM TETRACHLOROPALLADATE(II) LITHIUM TETRACHLOROPALLADATE(II) 15525-45-8 Cl4Li2Pd
NA NA
ROYCO 46 ADVANCED SYNTHETIC MULTI-PURPOSE AIRCRAFT GREASE ROYCO 46 ADVANCED SYNTHETIC MULTI-PURPOSE AIRCRAFT GREASE
Biotin-PEG-SAS Biotin-PEG-SAS
PLGA(10K)-PEG-OH PLGA(10K)-PEG-OH
PLGA(12K)-PEG-Mal PLGA(12K)-PEG-Mal
LRA-PEG-Mal LRA-PEG-Mal
ACA-PEG-SVA ACA-PEG-SVA
DLPE-PEG-Mal DLPE-PEG-Mal
Cy3-PEG-SH Cy3-PEG-SH
mPEG-SS-NH2 mPEG-SS-NH2
PLGA(10K)-PEG-NH2 PLGA(10K)-PEG-NH2
diamminedichloropalladium diamminedichloropalladium 15684-18-1 Cl2H6N2Pd
Carbide ruthenium powder Carbide ruthenium powder
Thiol-C10-amide-PEG8 Thiol-C10-amide-PEG8 1353948-95-4 C27H55NO9S
Palladium target Palladium target
NA NA
NA NA
NA NA
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