Fluorescent brightener

1929 P. Krais found that aesculetin can emit fluoresces under ultraviolet light with the fabric, after being immersed in an aqueous solution, obtaining whitening effect. The first commercially available fluorescent brightener was the derivatives of the 4, 4'-bis-triazine stilbene-2, 2'-disulfonic acid developed by the Federal Republic of Germany Bayer company in 1940. Since then, people have further developed a number of fluorescent brightener agents, and thus becoming self-contained series dyes.

Fluorescent brightener is commonly known as "white dye", also known as optical brighteners, briefly called brighteners. It is a colorless organic compound that can stimulate fluorescence under ultraviolet light. Its brightening effect is through the principle of the optically complementary color, making yellowing substances, after subjecting to fluorescent brightener treatment, not only can reflect visible light, but also absorb UV light outside the visible light into visible light of blue/yellow or cyan to be reflected. It is organic matters that can improve the whiteness of the fabrics and paper. Brighteners can absorb the ultraviolet in 330 to 360 nm wavelength with the reflected light being at a blue/violet light of wavelength of 400 to 440 nm, coinciding with the yellow light reflected from the fabric undergoing bleaching but still exhibits yellow color as mutually complementary colors. Therefore, these two colors add with each other and become white so that the fabric becomes white. After the whitening process, due to that there is a portion of ultraviolet light becoming visible light to be reflected out with the total reflection amount increased compared to non-processing fabric, the brightness of the treated fabric also increases, becoming whiter. It can also increase the vividness of the colored fabrics. Fluorescent whitening, being different with chemical bleaching, would not destroy the fabric color and intensity. However, for fabric and paper of darker background, if they undergo direct brightening treatment without bleaching, can’t obtain good results.

The organic compound taken as fluorescent brightening agents should having at least four conjugated double bonds, such as -C = C-C = C -C = C-C = C- or -N = C-C = C- C = N -C = C- in its molecule structure. The common structure of chromophore contains four kinds:
① Stilbene type: such as brighteners VBL. It is mainly used for the brightening of cotton fibers and being taken as the brightening component in advanced synthetic detergent.
② Coumarin type, such as brighteners WS. It has a strong blue fluorescence, being the brighter of polyamide, wool and silk.
③ Azole type; It is mainly for the brightening of wool, polyamide and acrylon.
④ Naphthalimide type: such as APL. It can be applied to the brightening of the polyamide, polyester and PVC.

Brightener is mainly used in textile industry to improve the whiteness of a variety of natural and synthetic fabrics and enhance shine. In recent years, its application in the fields of paper, plastics, leather, soap, synthetic detergent and other daily necessities in is also growing rapidly.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
Disodium 4,4'-bis(2-sulfostyryl)biphenyl Disodium 4,4'-bis(2-sulfostyryl)biphenyl 27344-41-8 C28H23NaO6S2
4,4'-Stilbenedicarboxylic acid 4,4'-Stilbenedicarboxylic acid 100-31-2 C16H12O4
2,5-Bis(5-tert-butyl-2-benzoxazolyl)thiophene 2,5-Bis(5-tert-butyl-2-benzoxazolyl)thiophene 7128-64-5 C26H26N2O2S
4,4'-Bis(5-methyl-2-benzoxazolyl)stilbene 4,4'-Bis(5-methyl-2-benzoxazolyl)stilbene 2397-00-4 C30H22N2O2
Fluorescent Brightener KS-N Fluorescent Brightener KS-N 5242-49-9 C29H20N2O2
1-(2-Cyanostyryl)-4-(4-cyanostyryl)benzene 1-(2-Cyanostyryl)-4-(4-cyanostyryl)benzene 13001-38-2 C24H16N2
L-Malic acid L-Malic acid 97-67-6 C4H6O5
4,4-Bis(diethylphosphonomethyl)biphenyl 4,4-Bis(diethylphosphonomethyl)biphenyl 17919-34-5 C22H32O6P2
ACENAPHTHYLENE ACENAPHTHYLENE 208-96-8 C12H8
Fluorescent Brightener 135 Fluorescent Brightener 135 1041-00-5 C18H14N2O2
2,2'-(1,2-Ethenediyldi-4,1-phenylene)bisbenzoxazole 2,2'-(1,2-Ethenediyldi-4,1-phenylene)bisbenzoxazole 1533-45-5 C28H18N2O2
Fluorescent Brightener 367 Fluorescent Brightener 367 5089-22-5 C24H14N2O2
2-(2-Chlorophenyl)acetonitrile 2-(2-Chlorophenyl)acetonitrile 2856-63-5 C8H6ClN
Oxazole Oxazole 288-42-6 C3H3NO
2-(Chloromethyl)benzonitrile 2-(Chloromethyl)benzonitrile 612-13-5 C8H6ClN
2,5-Thiophenedicarboxylic acid 2,5-Thiophenedicarboxylic acid 4282-31-9 C6H4O4S
4-tert-Butyl-2-nitrophenol 4-tert-Butyl-2-nitrophenol 3279-07-0 C10H13NO3
FLUORESCENT BRIGHTENER 28 FLUORESCENT BRIGHTENER 28 4404-43-7 C40H44N12O10S2
4-Sulfo-1,8-naphthalic anhydride potassium salt 4-Sulfo-1,8-naphthalic anhydride potassium salt 71501-16-1 C12H5KO6S
Fluorescent Brightener 220 Fluorescent Brightener 220 16470-24-9 C40H45N12NaO16S4
2-tert-Butyl-1,4-benzoquinone 2-tert-Butyl-1,4-benzoquinone 3602-55-9 C10H12O2
Fluorescent Brightener 185 Fluorescent Brightener 185 2866-43-5 C18H10N2O2S
Fluorescent Brightener 9 Fluorescent Brightener 9 133-66-4 C44H34N12Na2O6S2
Fluorescent Whitening Agent VBL Fluorescent Whitening Agent VBL
Fluorescent Brightener BC Fluorescent Brightener BC C32H26N12Na2O6S2
Fluorescent Brightener BBU Fluorescent Brightener BBU
Fluorescent Brightener 87 Fluorescent Brightener 87 12768-91-1 C40H40N12O16S4.4Na
Fluorescent Brightener 113 Fluorescent Brightener 113 12768-92-2 C40H42N12O10S2.2Na
Fluorescent Brightener Pf Fluorescent Brightener Pf C18H14O2N2
Fluorescent Brightener 33 Fluorescent Brightener 33 61902-19-0
Fluorescent Brightener 210 Fluorescent Brightener 210 28950-61-0 C40H36N12Na4O14S4
Fluorescent Whitener ER Fluorescent Whitener ER
Fluorescent Brightener 357 Fluorescent Brightener 357 41098-56-0 C40H45N12NaO18S6
Fluorescent brightener 71 Fluorescent brightener 71 16090-02-1 C40H38N12Na2O8S2
Fluorescent brightener  185 Fluorescent brightener 185 12224-41-8 C18H10N2O2S
Fluorescent brightener 85 Fluorescent brightener 85 12224-06-5 C36H34N12Na2O8S2
Fluorescent brightener  135 Fluorescent brightener 135 12224-12-3 C18H14N2O2
C.I. 482200 C.I. 482200 38775-22-3 C28H22O6S2
4-Nitronaphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic anhydride 4-Nitronaphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic anhydride 34087-02-0 C12H5NO5
Fluorescent Brightener 191 Fluorescent Brightener 191 12270-53-0 C30H20N6Na2O6S2
Fluorescent Brightener 204 Fluorescent Brightener 204 76482-77-4 C32H26N12Na2O6S2
Fluorescent brightener   24 Fluorescent brightener 24 12224-02-1 C40H45N12NaO16S4
Fluorescent brightener PF-3 Fluorescent brightener PF-3 C18H14N2O2
Fluorescent Brightener 28 Fluorescent Brightener 28 4193-55-9 C40H45N12NaO10S2
Fluorescent brightener 86 Fluorescent brightener 86 12224-07-6 C40H42N12O10S2.2Na
Fluorescent Brightener ER-III Fluorescent Brightener ER-III 79026-03-2 C24H16N2
Fluorescent brightener  378 Fluorescent brightener 378 164908-53-6 C30H26O2
Fluorescent brightener BA Fluorescent brightener BA
5-BENZOXAZOLOL, 2-METHYL- 5-BENZOXAZOLOL, 2-METHYL- 23997-94-6 C8H7NO2
Fluorescent Brightener 264 Fluorescent Brightener 264 68971-49-3 C40H45N12NaO22S6
Fluorescent Brightener 353 Fluorescent Brightener 353 55585-28-9
Disodium 4,4'-bis[(4-anilino-6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]stilbene-2,2'-disulphonate Disodium 4,4'-bis[(4-anilino-6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]stilbene-2,2'-disulphonate 3426-43-5 C34H31N10NaO8S2
Fluorescent Brightener 30 Fluorescent Brightener 30 2606-93-1 C28H25N4NaO8S2
BRIGHTENERS BRIGHTENERS
Fluorescent Brightener Fluorescent Brightener
Fluorescent brightener CBS Fluorescent brightener CBS C28H22O6S2
fluorescent whitening agent PRS fluorescent whitening agent PRS C34H28N10Na2O8S2
Fluorescent brightener EB Fluorescent brightener EB
MDAC) MDAC) 12224-03-2 C14H17NO2
Fluorescent brightener PRA Fluorescent brightener PRA
Fluorescent brightener NT-1 Fluorescent brightener NT-1
Fluorescent brightener A Fluorescent brightener A
Fluorescent brightener PSD Fluorescent brightener PSD
Fluorescent Brightener 121 Fluorescent Brightener 121 2744-49-2 C15H14ClN3O2S
Fluorescent Brightener 119 Fluorescent Brightener 119 12270-52-9
Fluorescent Brightener 54 Fluorescent Brightener 54 12768-89-7 C21H16ClN2NaO3S
sodium 4-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzenesulphonate sodium 4-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzenesulphonate 40691-09-6 C21H18ClN2NaO3S
4,4'-bis(3-phenylureido)-2,2'-stilbenedisulphonic acid 4,4'-bis(3-phenylureido)-2,2'-stilbenedisulphonic acid 25738-35-6 C28H24N4O8S2
Fluorescent Whitening Agent EBF Fluorescent Whitening Agent EBF
Fluorescent Brightener XD Fluorescent Brightener XD
Fluorescent brightener PSM Fluorescent brightener PSM
Fluorescent brightener APL Fluorescent brightener APL
Fluorescent brightener PB Fluorescent brightener PB C18H10N2O2S
Fluorescent Brightener 363 Fluorescent Brightener 363 95078-19-6
Fluorescent Brightener 184 Fluorescent Brightener 184 12224-40-7 C26H26N2O2S
Fluorescent Brightener VBU Fluorescent Brightener VBU C40H42N12Na4O12S4
Fluorescent brightener PMB Fluorescent brightener PMB
Fluorescent Brightener 251 Fluorescent Brightener 251 16324-27-9 C36H37N12NaO14S4
Fluorescent Brightener 263 Fluorescent Brightener 263 99549-42-5 C40H38N12Na6O18S6
Fluorescent brightener  121 Fluorescent brightener 121 12224-11-2 C15H14ClN3O2S
fluorescent whitening agent SWN fluorescent whitening agent SWN C14H17NO2
Fluorescent brightener RKH Fluorescent brightener RKH
Fluorescent brightener OB-C Fluorescent brightener OB-C
Fluorescent Brightener DCB Fluorescent Brightener DCB C15H14ClN2O2S
Fluorescent Brightener VBA Fluorescent Brightener VBA C40H36N12O14S4Na4
Fluorescent whitening agent for plastic Fluorescent whitening agent for plastic
Fluorescent brightener KB Fluorescent brightener KB
Fluorescent brightener V4BM Fluorescent brightener V4BM
Fluorescent brightener PSW-201 Fluorescent brightener PSW-201
Fluorescent brightener KOB Fluorescent brightener KOB
Fluorescent Brightener   1 Fluorescent Brightener 1 15339-39-6 Unspecified
Fluorescent Brightener BSL Fluorescent Brightener BSL
Fluorescent Brightener BF Fluorescent Brightener BF C1634N12Na2O8S2
Fluorescent brightener HDT-1 Fluorescent brightener HDT-1
Fluorescent brightener HL Fluorescent brightener HL
Fluorescent brightener PS-1 Fluorescent brightener PS-1
Fluorescent brightener BSU Fluorescent brightener BSU
Fluorescent brightener CEF Fluorescent brightener CEF
Fluorescent brightener OB-P Fluorescent brightener OB-P
CALCOFLUOR WHITE RWP CALCOFLUOR WHITE RWP 8066-05-5 C14H17NNa2O6S
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