Macrolides

Macrolides is a kind of weakly basic antibiotics, which comes from the streptomyces and is named because its molecule contains a fourteen or sixteen membered macrocyclic lactone structure. This kind of antibiotics is a long-term inhibitory agent, which effects on the bacterial ribosomes 50 S subunit to obstruct the bacterial protein synthesis. This class of drugs has similar antibacterial spectrum and antibacterial activity, mainly including Gram-positive bacteria, Legionella, Chlamydia, mycoplasma and anaerobes.

The main indications for macrolides contain:
1.  various infections caused by the penicillin-resistant Gram-positive cocci (especially Staphylococcus).
2. Legionnaires' disease.
3. Mycoplasma infection.
4. Chlamydia infection.
5. pertussis.
6. diphtheria carriers.
7. the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever and endocarditis for the patients allergic to penicillin. It is particularly appropriate to take them orally for the mild to moderate respiratory infections patients.

The dverse reactions of this class of drugs is as follows:
1. liver toxicity: the performance mainly shows as the cholestasis, elevated liver enzymes, etc., and can generally recover after the withdrawal.
2. tinnitus and hearing disorders: it occurs in the process of intravenous administration and recover after withdrawal or reduction.
3. Allergies: the performance mainly shows as drug fever, rash, and urticaria.
4. Local irritation: The injection can cause local irritation, so this class of drugs should not be used intramuscularly. Infusion can cause phlebitis, so it should dilute (<0.1%), when used, and drip rate should not be too fast.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
Erythromycin thiocyanate Erythromycin thiocyanate 7704-67-8 C38H68N2O13S
Dirithromycin Dirithromycin 62013-04-1 C42H78N2O14
Telithromycin Telithromycin 191114-48-4 C43H65N5O10
Erythromycin Erythromycin 114-07-8 C37H67NO13
Azithromycin Azithromycin 83905-01-5 C38H72N2O12
Clarithromycin Clarithromycin 81103-11-9 C38H69NO13
Erythromycin ethylsuccinate Erythromycin ethylsuccinate 1264-62-6 C43H75NO16
Roxithromycin Roxithromycin 80214-83-1 C41H76N2O15
Sineptina Sineptina 1392-21-8 C35H59NO13
Erythromycin Estolate Erythromycin Estolate 3521-62-8 C52H97NO18S
Spiramycin Spiramycin 8025-81-8 C43H74N2O14
Erythromycin stearate Erythromycin stearate 643-22-1 C55H103NO15
FLURITHROMYCIN FLURITHROMYCIN 82664-20-8 C37H66FNO13
Kitasamycin tartrate Kitasamycin tartrate 37280-56-1 C40H67NO18
Josamycin Josamycin 16846-24-5 C42H69NO15
ERYTHROMYCIN LACTOBIONATE (200 MG) ERYTHROMYCIN LACTOBIONATE (200 MG) 3847-29-8 C37H67NO13.C12H22O12
MIDECAMYCIN MIDECAMYCIN 35457-80-8 C41H67NO15
OLEANDOMYCIN PHOSPHATE OLEANDOMYCIN PHOSPHATE 7060-74-4 C35H64NO16P
Acetylspiramycin Acetylspiramycin 24916-51-6 C45H76N2O15
ERYTHROMYCIN B ERYTHROMYCIN B
MELEUMYCIN MELEUMYCIN 149370-53-6 C41H67NO15.C40H65NO15
ROKITAMYCIN ROKITAMYCIN 74014-51-0 C42H69NO15
MELEUMYCINUM MELEUMYCINUM
Azithromycin aspartate Azithromycin aspartate
TROLEANDOMYCIN TROLEANDOMYCIN 2751-09-9 C41H67NO15
Midecamycin Acetate Midecamycin Acetate 55881-07-7 C45H71NO17
ALBOMYCIN ALBOMYCIN 1414-39-7 C36H55FeN10O18S
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