Tetracycline drugs

Tetracyclines are basic broad-spectrum antibiotics produced by or semi-synthetic refined of the Streptomyces. Antibacterial spectrum includes Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, such as Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus viridans, pneumococcus, enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium, Bacillus anthracis, Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia pestis, Brucella, meningococcal, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, mycoplasma, chlamydia, spirochete, rickettsia and so on. As a result of long-term extensive applications, the resistance of this class of drugs is becoming serious after 1960s, so the use of this class of drugs has been limited. At present, tetracycline drugs are mainly used for rickettsia, chlamydia, mycoplasma and the treatment of the respiratory tract, biliary tract, urethra, skin and soft tissue infections which are caused by brucellosis, as well as hot spirochete, and susceptible strains. There is a close cross-resistance between the drugs.
Adverse reactions of this class of drugs are the following.
1. Liver and kidney damage. There is no adverse reaction in the normal dose, while the high-dose and long-term application may elevate the concentration of liver jaundice transaminase, and lead to hepatic coma, even death, as well as increase the kidney-induced blood urea nitrogen and creatinine values.
2. Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. When bedridden patients take the drug, for it cannot reach the stomach quickly, the retention in the esophagus will stimulate the production of esophageal ulcers. So these patients should drink plenty of water, and try to take it when they are sit on a chair.
3. The retard of teeth and bone development. The drug can be deposited in the teeth and bones, causing dental yellow dye, affecting the normal development of bone in infants and young children, and the drug can easily get through the placenta and get into the milk. So pregnant women, lactating women and children under 8 years old should disable this drug.
4. Dysbacteriosis, more common. The light will cause vitamin deficiency, while more serious, the adverse reactions is the second infection caused by Candida albicans and drug-resistant strains.
5. Rash, urticaria, photosensitive dermatitis, asthma and other skin allergies, as well as local irritation due to injection. This class of drugs cannot be intramuscular. The drugs should be diluted (<1%) and accompanied with a slow administration when applied with intravenous infusion.
6. This class of drugs should avoid the coadministration of antacids, calcium salts, iron salts, magnesium salts and aluminum, bismuth and other drugs, so as not to affect the absorption of tetracycline drugs (including milk). At the same time, as it impacts the intestinal flora, this drug will block the intestinal circulation of steroidal contraceptives, as well as prevent contraceptive effect, so these effects is necessary to be noted.
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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
Tetracycline hydrochloride Tetracycline hydrochloride 64-75-5 C22H25ClN2O8
Tigecycline Tigecycline 220620-09-7 C29H39N5O8
Minocycline hydrochloride Minocycline hydrochloride 13614-98-7 C23H28ClN3O7
Oxytetracycline hydrochloride Oxytetracycline hydrochloride 2058-46-0 C22H25ClN2O9
METHACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE METHACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE 3963-45-9 C19H24O2
4-EPI-ANHYDROTETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE 4-EPI-ANHYDROTETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE 4465-65-0 C22H23ClN2O7
Chlortetracycline hydrochloride Chlortetracycline hydrochloride 64-72-2 C22H24Cl2N2O8
4-EPITETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE 4-EPITETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE 23313-80-6 C22H25ClN2O8
Oxytetracycline Oxytetracycline 79-57-2 C22H24N2O9
Demeclocycline hydrochloride Demeclocycline hydrochloride 64-73-3 C21H22Cl2N2O8
Doxycycline hyclate Doxycycline hyclate 24390-14-5 C24H31ClN2O9
Tetracycline Tetracycline 60-54-8 C22H24N2O8
Metacycline hydrochloride Metacycline hydrochloride 3963-95-9 C22H23ClN2O8
lymecycline lymecycline 992-21-2 C29H38N4O10
4-Epioxytetracycline 4-Epioxytetracycline 14206-58-7 C22H24N2O9
4-EPICHLORTETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE 4-EPICHLORTETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE 101342-45-4 C22H23ClN2O8.ClH
CHLORPROMAZINE CHLORPROMAZINE C17H19ClN2S
Doxycycline Doxycycline 564-25-0 C22H24N2O8
METHACYCLINE METHACYCLINE 914-00-1 C22H22N2O8
ISOCHLORTETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE, CAN BE USED AS SECONDARY STANDARD, 97 ISOCHLORTETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE, CAN BE USED AS SECONDARY STANDARD, 97 89835-80-3 C22H24Cl2N2O8
OXYTETRACYCLINE HCL BP98 OXYTETRACYCLINE HCL BP98
6-Deoxy-4-epioxytetracycline 6-Deoxy-4-epioxytetracycline 6543-77-7 C22H24N2O8
4-EPIANHYDROCHLORTETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE, CAN BE USED AS SECONDARY STANDARD 4-EPIANHYDROCHLORTETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE, CAN BE USED AS SECONDARY STANDARD 158018-53-2 C22H21ClN2O7.ClH
Oxytetracycline dihydrate injections Oxytetracycline dihydrate injections
Chlortetracycline FEED GRADE Chlortetracycline FEED GRADE
Chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline 57-62-5 C22H23ClN2O8
Quaternary oxytetracycline salt Quaternary oxytetracycline salt
Isochlortetracyclinehydrochloride Isochlortetracyclinehydrochloride 514-53-4 C22H23ClN2O8.ClH
4-EPIOXYTETRACYCLINE 4-EPIOXYTETRACYCLINE 35259-39-3 C22H24N2O9
Minocycline Minocycline 10118-90-8 C23H27N3O7
meclocycline meclocycline 2013-58-3 C22H21ClN2O8
Calcium oxytetracycline Calcium oxytetracycline 7179-50-2 C22H26CaN2O9
terramycin hy drochloride,oxytetracycline hydrochl terramycin hy drochloride,oxytetracycline hydrochl
6-EPIDOXYCYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE 6-EPIDOXYCYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Doxycycline calcium Doxycycline calcium 94088-85-4 C22H26CaN2O8
guamecycline guamecycline 16545-11-2 C29H38N8O8
Tetracyline Examination Agar Tetracyline Examination Agar
ALPHA-APO-OXYTETRACYCLINE ALPHA-APO-OXYTETRACYCLINE 18751-99-0 C22H22N2O8
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