Diisopropyl ether

Diisopropyl ether Basic information
Product Name:Diisopropyl ether
Synonyms:(iso-C3H7)2O;1,1'-Dimethyldiethyl ether;1-methyl-1-(1-methylethoxy)ethane;2,2’-oxybis-propan;2,2’-oxybispropane;2,2’-oxybis-Propane;Isopropyl ether, stabilized with 100-200 ppm BHT;DI-ISO-PROPYL ETHER PURISS. P.A.,STABILIZED
CAS:108-20-3
MF:C6H14O
MW:102.17
EINECS:203-560-6
Product Categories:Aluminum Bottles;ACS and Reagent Grade Solvents;ACS Grade;ACS Grade Solvents;Amber Glass Bottles;Carbon Steel Cans with NPT Threads;Semi-Bulk Solvents;Solvent Bottles;Solvent by Application;Solvent Packaging Options;Solvents;Analytical Reagents;Analytical Reagents for General Use;Analytical/Chromatography;C-D;Puriss p.a.;Puriss p.a. ACS;bc0001
Mol File:108-20-3.mol
Diisopropyl ether Structure
Diisopropyl ether Chemical Properties
Melting point -85.5 °C
Boiling point 68-69 °C(lit.)
density 0.725 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density 3.5 (vs air)
vapor pressure 120 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index n20/D 1.367(lit.)
Fp −29 °F
storage temp. Store below +30°C.
solubility 3.11g/l
form Liquid
color APHA: ≤25
Relative polarity2.2
OdorSweet, slightly sharp; characteristic pungent; ethereal; like amphor and ethyl ether.
explosive limit1-21%, 100°F
Water Solubility 9 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck 14,5212
BRN 1731256
Henry's Law Constant2.57 at 25 °C (headspace-GC, Arp and Schmidt, 2004)
Exposure limitsTLV-TWA 1045 mg/m3 (250 ppm) (ACGIH), 2090 mg/m3 (500 ppm) (OSHA); STEL 1300 mg/m3 (310 ppm) (ACGIH).
Stability:Extremely flammable. This material is a serious fire and explosion risk. Vapour may travel considerable distances to an ignition source, which need not be an open flame, but may be a hot plate, steam pipe, etc. Vapour may be ignited by the static electricty which can build up when isopropyl ether is being poured from one vessel
LogP2.4 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference108-20-3(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry ReferenceDiisopropyl ether(108-20-3)
EPA Substance Registry SystemIsopropyl ether (108-20-3)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes F
Risk Statements 11-19-66-67-52/53
Safety Statements 9-16-29-33-61
RIDADR UN 1159 3/PG 2
WGK Germany 1
RTECS TZ5425000
10
Autoignition Temperature827 °F
HS Code 2909 19 90
HazardClass 3
PackingGroup II
Hazardous Substances Data108-20-3(Hazardous Substances Data)
ToxicityLD50 in 14 day old, young adult, adult rats (ml/kg): 6.4, 16.5, 16.0 orally (Kimura)
IDLA1,400 ppm [10% LEL]
MSDS Information
ProviderLanguage
ACROS English
SigmaAldrich English
ALFA English
Diisopropyl ether Usage And Synthesis
DescriptionDiisopropyl ether [108-20-3], also known as 2-isopropoxyisopropane or isopropyl ether, is a clear, colorless, mobile, highly flammable liquid with a characteristic ethereal odor. Its solubility in water is low, but it is soluble in organic solvents and readily forms explosive peroxides. It has a higher boiling point, a lower vapor pressure, and a lower water solubility than diethyl ether, which means that diisopropyl ether can be recovered without significant loss after use as a solvent or as an extractant.
Chemical PropertiesDiisopropyl ether(Isopropyl ether) is highly flammable, with a wide flammable range of 1.4%–21% in air. Boiling point is 156°F (68°C), flash point is 18°F (27°C), and ignition temperature is 830°F (443°C). Vapor density is 3.5, which is heavier than air. In addition to flammability, isopropyl ether is toxic by inhalation and a strong irritant, with a TLV of 250 ppm in air. Diisopropyl ether is an excellent solvent for natural oils, mineral oils, and waxes. It is used as an extracting agent and reaction medium in chemical and pharmaceutical syntheses.
Physical propertiesClear, colorless, volatile, flammable liquid with a penetrating, sweet, ether-like odor. Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 70 μg/m3 (17 ppbv) and 220 μg/m3 (53 ppbv), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974).
UsesIsopropyl ether is used as a solvent for oils,waxes, resins, and dyes; and as a varnishremover.
PreparationDiisopropyl ether can be prepared by liquid-phase dehydration of 2-propanol at 130 – 190°C and 1.96– 7.85 MPa over acidic catalysts containing aluminum.
General DescriptionDiisopropyl ether appears as a clear colorless liquid with an ethereal odor. Flash point -18°F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air.
Air & Water ReactionsHighly flammable. Slightly soluble in water. Form explosive peroxide in storage. A flask of Isopropyl ether was heated on a steam bath with gentle shaking when an explosion occurred. In a second instance, an explosion occurred after practically all the ether had been distilled, [MCA Guide for Safety(1972)].
Reactivity ProfileEthers, such as Isopropyl ether, can act as bases. They form salts with strong acids and addition complexes with Lewis acids. The complex between diethyl ether and boron trifluoride is an example. Ethers may react violently with strong oxidizing agents. In other reactions, which typically involve the breaking of the carbon-oxygen bond, ethers are relatively inert. Mixing Isopropyl ether in equal molar portions with any of the following substances in a closed container caused the temperature and pressure to increase: chlorosulfonic acid, nitric acid, [NFPA 1991].
HazardFlammable, dangerous fire risk, explosive limits in air 1.4–21%. Toxic by inhalation, strong irritant.
Health HazardIsopropyl ether is a narcotic and an irritant tothe skin and mucous membranes. It is moretoxic than ethyl ether and the toxic symptomsare similar to the latter compound. Inhalationof its vapors can produce anesthetic effects.Exposure to high concentrations can causeintoxication, respiratory arrest, and death.Exposure to 3.14% and 2.9% of isopropylether in air (by volume) produced the symp toms of somnolence, change in motor activ ity, and muscle contractions in mice andrabbits, respectively, causing the death of50% of test animals. Exposure to 7–10% byvolume concentration in air can be fatal tohumans
Acute oral toxicity of isopropyl ether islow. The liquid is irritating to the mucousmembranes. Skin contact may cause mildirritation, and repeated exposure may causedermatitis. The irritation effect of isopropylether on eyes is mild. In humans, exposureto 800 ppm in air for a few minutes causedirritation of the eyes and nose. There is noreport of its carcinogenic action in animalsor humans.
Fire HazardBehavior in Fire: Vapor is heavier than air and may travel a considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back. Containers may explode when heated.
Flammability and ExplosibilityHighlyflammable
Industrial usesIsopropyl ether is a solvent of minor importance since its boiling point is intermediate between the two widely used solvents diethyl ether and acetone. Hazardous peroxides are formed more readily in isopropyl ether than in other dialkyl ethers.
SourceSome unleaded gasoline may contain isopropyl ether and other oxygenates as an octane booster and to prevent engine knock.
Environmental fateBiological. Bridié et al. (1979) reported BOD and COD values of 0.19 and 1.75 g/g using filtered effluent from a biological sanitary waste treatment plant. These values were determined using a standard dilution method at 20 °C and stirred for a period of 5 d. The ThOD for isopropyl ether is 2.82 g/g.
Chemical/Physical. May form explosive peroxides on standing with air (NIOSH, 1997). At an influent concentration of 1,018 mg/L, treatment with GAC resulted in an effluent concentration of 203 mg/L. The adsorbability of the GAC used was 162 mg/g carbon (Guisti et al., 1974).
Isopropyl will not hydrolyze in water except at elevated temperatures and low pH.
storageIsopropyl ether is stored in a flammable-liquids storage room, isolated from combustible and oxidizing materials. It shouldalso be protected from direct sunlight, staticelectricity, and lightning. It is stabilized with0.01% hydroquinone or p-benzylaminphenol.The ether is shipped in amber glass bottles,steel cans, and drums.
Purification MethodsCommon impurities are water and peroxides [detected by the liberation of iodine from weakly acid (HCl) solutions of 2% KI]. Peroxides can be removed by shaking with aqueous Na2SO3 or with acidified ferrous sulfate (0.6g FeSO4 and 6mL conc H2SO4 in 110mL of water, using 5-10g of solution per L of ether), or aqueous NaBH4 solution. The ether is then washed with water, dried with CaCl2 and distilled. Alternatively, refluxing with LiAlH4 or CaH2, or drying with CaSO4, then passage through an activated alumina column, can be used to remove water and peroxides. Other dehydrating agents used with isopropyl ether include P2O5, sodium amalgam and sodium wire. (The ether is often stored in brown bottles, or in the dark, with sodium wire.) Bonner and Goishi (J Am Chem Soc 83 85 1961) treated isopropyl ether with dilute sodium dichromate/sulfuric acid solution, followed by repeated shaking with a 1:1 mixture of 6M NaOH and saturated KMnO4. The ether is washed several times with water, dilute aqueous HCl, and water, with a final washing with, and storage over, ferrous ammonium sulfate acidified with H2SO4. Blaustein and Gryder (J Am Chem Soc 79 540 1957), after washing with alkaline KMnO4, then water, treated the ether with ceric nitrate in nitric acid, and again washed it with water. Hydroquinone is added before drying with CaCl2 and MgSO4, and refluxing with sodium amalgam (108g Hg/100g Na) for 2hours under nitrogen. The distillate (nitrogen atmosphere) is made 2 x 10-5M in hydroquinone to inhibit formation of peroxides (which is negligible if the ether is stored in the dark). Catechol (pyrocatechol) and resorcinol are alternative inhibitors. [Beilstein 1 IV 1471.]
Waste DisposalIsopropyl ether is burned in a chemicalincinerator equipped with an afterburner andscrubber. A small amount of ether, if free ofperoxides, can be evaporated in a fume hoodin the absence of any open flame or sourceof ignition nearby.
Isopropyl alcohol ISOPROPYL LAURATE BIS(2-CHLOROISOPROPYL)ETHER N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone Allyl glycidyl ether Isoproterenol N,N'-Diisopropylcarbodiimide Ethylbenzene DIISOPROPYLNAPHTHALENE N,N-Diisopropylethylamine 2,6-Diisopropylaniline Diisopropylamine ETHYLENE GLYCOL ISOPROPYL ETHER,beta-Hydroxyethyl isopropyl ether Lithium diisopropylamide Diethyl ether Dimethyl ether Diisopropyl ether 2-Butoxyethanol

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