Chlordecone

Chlordecone Basic information
Product Name:Chlordecone
Synonyms:1,1a,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-decachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-2h-cyclobuta(cd)pe;1,1a,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-Decachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta(cd)pentalen-2-one;1,1a,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-decachloro-octahydro-1,3,4-metheno-2h-cyclobuta[cd]pen;1,2,3,4,5,5,6,7,8,9,10,10-dodecachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-2-cyclobuta-(c,d);1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,10-decachloro(5.2.1.0(sup2,6).0(sup3,9).0(sup5,8))decan;1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,10-Decachloro(5.2.1.02,6.03,9 .05,8)decan-4-one;1,3,4-Metheno-2H-cyclobuta(cd)pentalen-2-one, 1,1a,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-decachloroctahydro-;decachloropentacyclo(5.2.1.0(2,6).0(3,9).0(5),(8))decan-4-one
CAS:143-50-0
MF:C10Cl10O
MW:490.64
EINECS:205-601-3
Product Categories:
Mol File:143-50-0.mol
Chlordecone Structure
Chlordecone Chemical Properties
Melting point 350℃ (DEC.)
Boiling point 450.5±45.0 °C(Predicted)
density 2.27
vapor pressure 2.25 x 10-7 mmHg at 25 °C (Kilzer et al., 1979)
Fp >100 °C
storage temp. 0-6°C
solubility Soluble in acetic acid, alcohols, and ketones (Windholz et al., 1983)
form Tan to white crystalline solid
Water Solubility (mg/L):
7.600 at 24 °C (shake flask-nephelometry, Hollifield, 1979)
2.7 at 20–25 °C (Kilzer et al., 1979)

Merck 13,2098
Henry's Law Constant(x 10-2 atm?m3/mol): 3.11 at 25 °C (approximate - calculated from experimentally determined water solubility and vapor pressure values)
Exposure limitsNIOSH REL: TWA 1 mg/m3.
IARC2B (Vol. 20, Sup 7) 1987
EPA Substance Registry SystemChlordecone (143-50-0)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes T,N
Risk Statements 24/25-40-50/53
Safety Statements 22-36/37-45-60-61
RIDADR 2761
RTECS PC8575000
HazardClass 6.1(b)
PackingGroup III
Hazardous Substances Data143-50-0(Hazardous Substances Data)
ToxicityLD50 orally in rats: 125 mg/kg (Gaines)
MSDS Information
Chlordecone Usage And Synthesis
DescriptionChemically, kepone is a chlorinated polycyclic insecticide and fungicide. Chlordecone was used as an insecticide for leaf-eating insects, ants, and cockroaches; as a larvicide for flies; and for control of insects that attack structures. Chlordecone was also used on bananas, nonbearing citrus trees, tobacco, ornamental shrubs, lawns, turf, and flowers. The dry powder is readily absorbed through the skin and respiratory tract. Occupational workers handling kepone without appropriate workplace safety dress and PPE suffered chemical poisoning. The symptoms included, tremors, jerky eye movements, memory loss, headaches, slurred speech, unsteadiness, lack of coordination, loss of weight, rash, enlarged liver, decreased libido, sterility, chest pain, and arthralgia (sharp pain, extending along a nerve or group of nerves, experienced in a joint and/or joints). Chlordecone was first introduced as a pesticide in 1958 and was used until 1978, when its use in the United States was discontinued (NCI 1976, IARC 1979, HSDB 2009).
Chemical PropertiesKerosene is a white to pale yellow, flammable liquid that has wide use in household and industrial activities. For instance, in heating, as cooking fuel, in cleaning, degreasing, as a solvent, for paints, enamels, polishes, varnishes, and in asphalt coating.
Chemical PropertiesKepone is a tan to white, odorless crystalline solid.
Physical propertiesColorless to tan, odorless, noncombustible, crystalline solid
UsesInsecticide; fungicide.
UsesFormerly as insecticide, fungicide.
UsesChlordecone, a chlorinated dicyclodiene compound, was introduced under the trade name Kepone in 1958. In the United States, Kepone found use as an ant and cockroach poison. Outside the United States, it was used primarily as a pesticide against the banana root borer. The compound is the ketone analog of mirex; it is a contaminant of mirex and is also a product of mirex degradation.
DefinitionChEBI: An organochlorine compound with insecticidal activity.
General DescriptionOdorless colorless crystalline solid.
Air & Water ReactionsInsoluble in water.
Reactivity ProfileA halogenated ketone. Ketones are reactive with many acids and bases liberating heat and flammable gases (e.g., H2). The amount of heat may be sufficient to start a fire in the unreacted portion of the ketone. Ketones react with reducing agents such as hydrides, alkali metals, and nitrides to produce flammable gas (H2) and heat. Ketones are incompatible with isocyanates, aldehydes, cyanides, peroxides, and anhydrides. They react violently with aldehydes, HNO3, HNO3 + H2O2, and HClO4.
Health HazardINHALATION AND INGESTION: These symptoms present in all affected patients - Neurologic Impairment - anxiety, irritability, memory disturbance, headache, tremors, opsiclonus, stuttering, slurred speech, and abnormal tandem gait.
Health HazardKerosene toxicity is variable and is based on the composition. It is rapidly absorbed by the skin and accidental ingestion results in mucous membrane irritation, gastrointestinal irritation, vomiting, diarrhea, pneumonitis, CNS depression, drowsiness, coma, and may lead to death. Prolonged contact is also known to cause skin blisters and dermatitis. Studies with non-human primates have demonstrated that aerosols and kerosene aspiration into the lungs cause cellular damage. Household activities and possible long-term exposures to kerosine require proper care to avoid skin contact and possible damage. Kerosene should never be sucked by mouth.
Fire HazardFlash point data for KEPONE (TM) are not available; however, KEPONE (TM) is probably combustible.
Potential ExposureKepone was registered for the control of rootborers on bananas with a residue tolerance of 0.01 ppm. This constituted the only food or feed use of Kepone. Nonfood uses included wireworm control in tobacco fields and bait to control ants and other insects in indoor and outdoor areas. A rebuttable presumption against registration of chlordecone was issued by the United States Environmental Protection Agency on March 25, 1976 on the basis of oncogenicity. The trademarked Kepone and products of six formulations were the subject of voluntary cancellation according to a United States Environmental Protection Agency notice dated July 27, 1977. In a series of decisions, the first of which was issued on June 17, 1976, the EPA effectively canceled all registered products containing Kepone as of May 1, 1978.
CarcinogenicityKepone (chlordecone) is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.
Environmental FatePhotolytic. Kepone-contaminated soils from a site in Hopewell, VA were analyzed by GC/MS. 8-Chloro and 9-chloro homologs identified suggested these were photodegradation products of kepone (Borsetti and Roach, 1978). Products identified from the photolysis of kepone in cyclohexane were 1,2,3,4,6,7,9,10,10-nonachloro-5,5-dihydroxypentacyclo[ 5.3.0.02,6.03,9.04,8]decane for the hydrate and 1,2,3,4,6,7,9,10,10-nonachloro-5,5- dimethoxypentacyclo[5.3.0.02,6.03,9.04,8]decane (Alley et al., 1974).
Chemical/Physical. Readily reacts with moisture forming hydrates (Hollifield, 1979). Decomposes at 350°C (Windholz et al., 1983) probably emitting toxic chlorine fumes.
ShippingUN2761 Organochlorine pesticides, solid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
IncompatibilitiesAcids, acid fumes.
Waste DisposalA process has been developed which effects chlordecone degradation by treatment of aqueous wastes with UV radiation in the presence of hydrogen in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. Up to 95% decomposition was effected by this process. Chlordecone previously presented serious disposal problems because of its great resistance to bio- and photo degradation in the environment. It is highly toxic to normally occur in degrading microorganisms. Although it can undergo some photodecomposition when exposed to sunlight to the dihydro compound (leaving a compound with 8 chloro substituents) that degradation product does not significantly reduce toxicity. Disposal by incineration with HCl scrubbing is recommended.
Chlordecone Preparation Products And Raw materials
1,9-DICHLORONONANE 1,7-Dichloroheptan-4-one 1,10-Dichlorodecane 1 5-DICHLORO-3-PENTANONE 2-CHLOROCYCLOOCTANONE 2,3-Dichloropropionaldehyde 1,3-Dichloroacetone CYCLOOCTANONE EPSILON-HCH LINDANE 2-Chlorocyclopentanone 1,2,5,6,9-PENTACHLORODECANE CYCLOHEPTYL CHLORIDE 2-CYCLOPENTYLCYCLOPENTANONE 1,2,7,8-TETRACHLOROOCTANE Chlordecone 2-isopropyl cyclopentanone 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorocyclopentane

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