CALCIUM CYANIDE

CALCIUM CYANIDE Basic information
Product Name:CALCIUM CYANIDE
Synonyms:ca(cn)2;calcid;calciumcyanide(ca(cn)2);calcyan;calcyanide;caswellno142;cyanideofcalcium;cyanogas
CAS:592-01-8
MF:C2CaN2
MW:92.11
EINECS:209-740-0
Product Categories:Inorganics
Mol File:592-01-8.mol
CALCIUM CYANIDE Structure
CALCIUM CYANIDE Chemical Properties
Melting point 640 estimated [KIR78]
density 1.8 g/cm3
form white rhombohedral crystals
Water Solubility soluble H2O, gradually releasing HCN [MER06]
Exposure limitsTLV-TWA (measured as CN) skin 5 mg(CN)/ m3 (ACGIH); 5 mg(CN)/m3/10-min ceiling (NIOSH).
EPA Substance Registry SystemCalcium cyanide (592-01-8)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes T+,N
Risk Statements 28-32-50/53
Safety Statements 7/8-23-36/37-45-60-61
RIDADR 1575
HazardClass 6.1(a)
PackingGroup I
HS Code 28371990
Hazardous Substances Data592-01-8(Hazardous Substances Data)
ToxicityLD50 orally in rats: 39 mg/kg (Smyth)
MSDS Information
CALCIUM CYANIDE Usage And Synthesis
DescriptionCalcium cyanide is used mainly for the extraction or cyanidation of gold and silver ores. It is also used in the production of prussiates or ferrocyanides, in the froth flotation of minerals, in processes where gold complexes are adsorbed on carbon, in the manufacture of stainless steel, as a fumigant and rodenticide, and as a cement stabiliser. The main users of cyanides are the steel, electroplating, mining, and chemical industries. The principal cyanide compounds used in industrial operations are potassium and sodium cyanide and calcium cyanide, particularly in metal leaching operations. Cyanides have been well established in uses as insecticides and fumigants; in the extraction of gold and silver ores; in metal cleaning; in the manufacture of synthetic fibres, various plastics, dyes, pigments, and nylon; and as reagents in analytical chemistry. Calcium cyanide decomposes on heating above 350°C, producing toxic fumes including nitrogen oxides and HCN. It reacts violently with water, moist air, carbon dioxide, acids, and acid salts producing highly toxic and flammable HCN. It reacts violently when heated with oxidising substances causing fire and explosion hazard.
Chemical PropertiesCalcium cyanide is a white crystalline solid or powder. Odor of hydrogen cyanide.
UsesCalcium cyanide is used for the extraction of gold and silver from their ores, in the froth flotation of minerals, as a fumigant, and as a rodenticide.
UsesFumigant; rodenticide; in stainless-steel manufacture; in leaching ores of precious metals; stabilizer for cement.
Production MethodsCalcium cyanide is made commercially from lime, calcium oxide, coke, and nitrogen. The reactions are carried out in an electric furnace. The resulting melt is cooled rapidly to prevent reversion to calcium cyanamide. The product is marketed in the form of flakes, which are dark gray because of the presence of carbon. The extraction or cyanidation of precious-metal ores was the first and is still the largest use for calcium cyanide.
General DescriptionWhite crystals or powder or gray-black powder (technical grade). Toxic by skin absorption through open wounds, by ingestion, and by inhalation.
Air & Water ReactionsWater soluble with evolution of some hydrogen cyanide, a flammable poison gas. Release of gas is much more rapid if acid is present.
Reactivity ProfileCALCIUM CYANIDE gives weakly acidic solutions. Contact with acids causes rapid evolution of hydrogen cyanide. Incompatible with isocyanates, nitrides, and peroxides. May react rapidly with oxidizing agents.
HazardToxic by ingestion and skin absorption.
Health HazardCalcium cyanide is a highly poisonous compound to humans, animals, and fish. The toxic routes are ingestion, skin contact, and inhalation of the dust. It forms HCN readily when it reacts with CO2 or water. This makes it highly hazardous, more so than the alkalimetal cyanides, although the LD50 value of Ca(CN)2 is greater than the sodium or potassium cyanides.
LD50 value, oral (rats): 39 mg/kg.
Health HazardInhalation or ingestion causes headache, nausea, vomiting and weakness; high concentrations are rapidly fatal.
Fire HazardSpecial Hazards of Combustion Products: Decomposes in fire to give very toxic gases, including hydrogen cyanide.
Safety ProfileA deadly poison by ingestion and probably other routes. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NO, and CN-. See also CALCIUM COMPOUNDS and CYANIDE
Potential ExposureCalcium cyanide is used as a fumigant; as a rodenticide; in leaching precious metal ores; in the manufacture of stainless steel; and as a stabilizer forcement. Used as raw material for production of nitrogenous compounds and in treatment of alcoholism
storageCalcium cyanide is stored in tight containers free from moisture. Proper ventilation and protective equipment should be used while handling the solid or while preparing an aqueous solution. It is shipped in mild-steel or fiber drums.
ShippingUN1575 Calcium cyanide, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials
IncompatibilitiesContact with water, acids, acidic salts; moist air, or carbon dioxide, forms highly toxic and flammable hydrogen cyanide. Incompatible with fluorine, magnesium. Reacts violently when heated with nitrites, nitrates, chlorates, and perchlorates. Calcium cyanide decomposes in high heat forming hydrogen cyanide and nitrous oxides fumes
Waste DisposalAdd cyanide waste to strong alkaline sodium hypochlorite. Let stand 24 hours then flush to sewage plant.
CALCIUM CYANIDE Preparation Products And Raw materials
Raw materialsHYDROGEN CYANIDE
Preparation ProductsTetrapotassium hexacyanoferrate trihydrate
Calcium cyanamide Calcium thiocyanate NICKEL CALCIUM CYANIDE Calcium Ferrocyanide CALCIUM FERROCYANIDE CALCIUM CYANIDE

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