Phosphorus pentachloride

Phosphorus pentachloride Basic information
Physical Properties Uses Preparation Reactions
Product Name:Phosphorus pentachloride
Synonyms:Fosforpentachloride;fosforpentachloride[dutch];PCl5;pentachloro-phosphoran;pentachlorophosphorane;pentachloro-phosphorane;pentachlorophosphorus;PhosphorusVchloridewhitextl
CAS:10026-13-8
MF:Cl5P
MW:208.24
EINECS:233-060-3
Product Categories:metal halide;Inorganics
Mol File:10026-13-8.mol
Phosphorus pentachloride Structure
Phosphorus pentachloride Chemical Properties
Melting point 179-181°C (subl.)
Boiling point 160 °C
density 1.6
vapor pressure 0.016 hPa (20 °C)
storage temp. 2-8°C
solubility Soluble in carbon disulfide and carbon tetrachloride.
form macroporous
color Yellow
Specific Gravity1.6
OdorPungent odour
PH1 (5g/l, H2O)acidic
Water Solubility decomposes
Sensitive Moisture Sensitive
Merck 14,7351
Exposure limitsTLV-TWA 0.85 mg/m3 (0.1 ppm) (ACGIH), ~1 mg/m3 (0.1 ppm) (OSHA). .
Stability:Hygroscopic, Moisture Sensitive
InChIKeyUHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference10026-13-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry ReferencePhosphorus pentachloride(10026-13-8)
EPA Substance Registry SystemPhosphorus pentachloride (10026-13-8)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes T+
Risk Statements 14-22-26-34-48/20
Safety Statements 26-36/37/39-45-7/8
RIDADR UN 1806 8/PG 2
WGK Germany 3
RTECS TB6125000
3-10
TSCA Yes
HazardClass 8
PackingGroup II
HS Code 28121045
Hazardous Substances Data10026-13-8(Hazardous Substances Data)
ToxicityLD50 orally in Rabbit: 660 mg/kg
IDLA70 mg/m3
MSDS Information
ProviderLanguage
SigmaAldrich English
ALFA English
Phosphorus pentachloride Usage And Synthesis
Physical PropertiesYellowish-white tetragonal crystals; pungent odor; fumes in air; deliquescent; density 2.1 g/cm3; decomposes on heating; melts at 166.8°C under the pressure of its own vapor(triple point); sublimes at 160°C; critical temperature 373°C; hydrolyzes in water; soluble in carbon disulfide and carbon tetrachloride.
UsesPhosphorus pentachloride is used as a chlorinating agent in many organic syntheses, such as production of alkyl and acid chlorides. It also is a catalyst in manufacturing acetylcellulose.
PreparationPhosphorus pentachloride is prepared by reacting white phosphorus with excess dry chlorine. The white phosphorus is placed over sand in a retort from which air and moisture have been purged. The reaction is indicated by inflaming phosphorus:
P4 + 10Cl2 → 4PCl5
Also, the compound is obtained by reaction of dry chlorine with phosphorus trichloride:
PCl3 + Cl2 → PCl5
ReactionsPhosphorus pentachloride absorbs moisture from air forming phosphoryl chloride:
PCl5 + H2O → POCl3 + 2HCl
The above reaction is difficult to control and progresses to complete hydrolysis. Thus, in the presence of excess water or when treated with water, the pentachloride is hydrolyzed to phosphoric acid:
PCl5 + 4H2O → H3PO4 + 5HCl
Reaction with sulfur dioxide yields thionyl chloride and phosphoryl chloride:
PCl5 + SO2 → SOCl2 + POCl3
Reaction with liquid hydrogen sulfide forms thiophosphoryl chloride, PSCl3:
PCl5 + H2S → PSCl3 + 2HCl
Phosphorus pentachoride converts arsenic to arsenic trichloride:
3PCl5 + 2As → 3AsCl3 + 3PCl3
Reaction with oxalic acid or boric acid yields phosphoryl chloride:
PCl5 + (COOH)2 → POCl3 + CO + CO2 + 2HCl
3PCl5 + 2B(OH)3 → 3POCl3 + B2O3 + 6HCl
Reaction with phosphorus pentoxide produces phosphoryl chloride:
3PCl5 + P2O5 → 5POCl3
Chemical PropertiesPhosphorus pentachloride is a pale yellow, fuming solid with an odor like hydrochloric acid.162℃ sublimation and partial decomposition. All decomposed into chlorine gas and phosphorus trichloride at 300℃. Soluble in carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride. Decomposed in water, hydrolyzed in moist air into phosphoric acid and hydrogen chloride, white smoke and special irritating odor occur, strongly irritate the eyes.
UsesAs catalyst in manufacture of acetylcellulose; for replacing hydroxyl groups by Cl, particularly for converting acids into acid chlorides.
UsesPhosphorus pentachloride is used as a chlorinating agent to convert acids into acid chlorides, as a dehydrating agent, and as a catalyst.
UsesCatalyst in manufacture of acetylcellulose; chlorinating and dehydrating agent
DefinitionChEBI: Phosphorus pentachloride is a phosphorus halide.
General DescriptionPhosphorus pentachloride is a greenish-yellow crystalline solid with an irritating odor. Phosphorus pentachloride is decomposed by water to form hydrochloric and phosphoric acid and heat. This heat may be sufficient to ignite surrounding combustible material. Phosphorus pentachloride is corrosive to metals and tissue. Long term exposure to low concentrations or short term exposure to high concentrations can result in adverse health effects from inhalation.
Reactivity ProfilePhosphorus pentachloride is a lightly yellow, fuming crystalline material, highly caustic, corrosive and toxic. Flammable by chemical reaction. Violent exothermic reaction with water or steam. When heated to decomposition Phosphorus pentachloride emits highly toxic fumes of chlorides and oxides of phosphorus. Explosive reaction with alkaline metals (sodium, potassium), urea. Ignites on contact with fluorine. Violent reaction with aluminum, chlorine trioxide, hydroxylamine, magnesium oxide, nitrobenzene, phosphorus(III) oxide, potassium. Carbamates form explosive products [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 1360]. Reaction with the mixture of chlorine and chlorine dioxide causes explosion [Mellor, 1941, vol. 2, p. 281; 1940, vol. 8, p. 1013].
Health HazardPhosphorus pentachloride vapors are a strong irritant to the eyes and mucous membranes. Contact with skin can cause acid burns, as it reacts readily with moisture to form hydrochloric and phosphoric acids:
PCl5+4H2O→ H3PO4+5HCl
Chronic exposure to this compound can result in bronchitis.
LC50 value, inhalation (rats): 205 mg (24 ppm)/m3 (NIOSH 1986).
Flammability and ExplosibilityNonflammable
Safety ProfilePoison by inhalation. Moderately toxic by ingestion. A severe eye, skin, and mucous membrane irritant. Corrosive to body tissues. Flammable by chemical reaction. Explosive reaction with chlorine dioxide + chlorine, sodium, urea + heat. Reacts to form explosive products with carbamates, 3'-methy-2-nitrobenzanilide (product explodes on contact with air). Ignites on contact with fluorine. Reacts violently with moisture, ClO3, hydroxyl- amine, magnesium oxide, nitrobenzene, phosphorus(Ⅲ) oxide, K. To fight fire, use CO2, dry chemical. Incompatible with aluminum, chlorine dioxide, chlorine,diphosphorus trioxide, fluorine, hydroxylamine, magnesium oxide, 3'-methyl- 2-nitrobenzanilide, nitrobenzene, sodium, urea, water. Will react with water or steam to produce heat and toxic and corrosive fumes. Used as a catalyst, chlorinating and dehydrating agent. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of Cland POx.
Potential ExposurePhosphorus pentachloride is used as a as a chlorinating and dehydrating agent and as a catalyst. It is used in the manufacture of agricultural chemicals;chlorinated compounds; gasoline additives, plasticizers and surfactants; and in pharmaceutical manufacture
ShippingUN1806 Phosphorus pentachloride, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material.
Purification Methods[All operations should be carried out in an efficient fume cupboard.] Sublime it at 160-170o in an atmosphere of chlorine. Excess chlorine is then displaced by dry N2 gas. All subsequent manipulations should be performed in a dry-box [Downs & Johnson J Am Chem Soc 77 2098 1955]. It fumes in moist air and attacks the eyes and the mucous membranes of the nose. It should not be breathed in and has very HARMFUL VAPOURS (wash burning eyes with aqueous NaHCO3).
IncompatibilitiesPhosphorus pentachloride is a powerful oxidizer. Reacts with water (violent), magnesium oxide, chemically active metals, such as sodium and potassium, alkalis, amines, carbamates, aluminum powder, combustibles, fluorine, phosphorus pentoxide, phosphorus trioxide, and many other substances. Hydrolyzes in water (even in humid air) to form hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid. Corrosive to many metals, forming flammable and explosive hydrogen gas. Attacks plastic and rubber.
Waste DisposalDecompose with water, forming phosphoric and hydrochloric acids. Neutralize acids and dilute if necessary for discharge into the sewer system.
Phosphorus pentachloride Preparation Products And Raw materials
Preparation ProductsMETHYL 2-CHLORO-6-METHYLPYRIMIDINE-4-CARBOXYLATE-->2-CHLORO-3-NITROTHIOPHENE-->3-METHYL-2-NITROBENZYL ALCOHOL-->Cefuzonam-->5-Bromo-2-chloro-3-nitropyridine-->Cilostazol-->2-CHLORO-3,5-DINITROPYRIDINE-->2-Chloro-6-methylpyridine-4-carboxylic acid-->Ropivacaine-->3-BENZOYLPHENYLACETIC ACID-->DIMETHYL 4-CHLOROPYRIDINE-2,6-DICARBOXYLATE-->5-CHLORO-4-NITROTHIOPHENE-2-SULFONYL CHLORIDE-->Propylphosphonic anhydride-->Sodium cloxacillin monohydrate-->1-methyl-4-[3,3,3-tris(4-chlorophenyl)propionyl]piperazine-->2-Chlorobenzothiazole-->2-CHLORO-PYRIMIDINE-5-SULFONYL CHLORIDE-->1-Methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole-5-carbonitrile-->5-ACETAMIDONAPHTHALENE-1-SULFONYL CHLORIDE-->Isophthaloyl dichloride-->Hexylamine-->2,4,5,6-TETRAMETHYLBENZENEDISULFONYL DICHLORIDE-->dimethyl 4-chloropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate-->Isopropyl(4-chlorophenyl)acetyl chloride-->3-(2-Chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carbonyl chloride-->9-AMINOACRIDINE-->Diphenyl N-cyanocarbonimidate-->2,4-MESITYLENEDISULFONYL DICHLORIDE-->1,1-Dichlorodimethyl ether-->2,2'-OXYDIACETYL CHLORIDE-->2'-IODOHIPPURIC ACID-->5-Chlorothiophene-2-sulfonyl chloride-->PYRROLIDINE-1-SULFONYL CHLORIDE-->(R)-(-)-2-Phenylglycine chloride hydrochloride-->1-CHLORO-2-METHYL-1-PROPENE-->5-Methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carbonyl chloride-->4-(1H-PYRAZOL-1-YL)BENZENESULFONYL CHLORIDE-->3-methyl-2-nitrobenzoyl chloride-->4,5-Dibromothiophene-2-sulphonyl chloride-->DIBENZYL PHTHALATE
dinitrogen trioxide XENON DIFLUORIDE Phosphorus oxychloride Phosphorus N-(PHOSPHORUS PENTACHLORIDE)-N,N-DIMETHYL-AMINOMETHYL POLYSTYRENE (16-50 MESH, 1.0-1.5 MMOL/G) Phosphorus chloride difluoride AURORA KA-1204 TRIPHENYL ETHYL PHOSPHORUS CHLORIDE Phosphorus chloride biscyanate Phosphorus(Ⅴ)chloride AURORA KA-1777 AURORA KA-1776 Phosphorus pentachloride Phosphorus chloride (cl6p2),Phosphorus chloride (pcl3),PHOSPHORUS CHLORIDE PHOSPHOROUS PENTACHLORIDE (822340) CATECHYL PHOSPHORUS CHLORIDE Bis(dimethylamino)phosphorus chloride PHOSPHORUS PENTACHLORIDE,98%

Email:[email protected] [email protected]
Copyright © 2024 Mywellwork.com All rights reserved.