Imipenem

Imipenem Basic information
Product Name:Imipenem
Synonyms:(5r-(5-alpha,6-alpha(r*)))-nomethyl)amino)ethyl)thio)-7-oxo;1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)hept-2-ene-2-carboxylicacid,6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-3-((2-((imi;imipemide;mk-787;[5R-[5alpha, 6alpha(R*)]]-6-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-3-[[2-[(iminomethyl)amino]ethyl]thio]-7-oxo-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid;Imipenem;(5R,6S)-6-[(1R)-1hydroxyethyl]-3-[[2-[(iminomethyl)amine]ethyl]thio]7-oxo-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid;IMIPEMIDE IMIPENEM IMIPENEN N-FORMIMIDOYLTHIENAMYCIN TIENAMYCIN
CAS:64221-86-9
MF:C12H17N3O4S
MW:299.35
EINECS:264-734-5
Product Categories:Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Mol File:64221-86-9.mol
Imipenem Structure
Imipenem Chemical Properties
Melting point 106-111 C
Boiling point 530.2±60.0 °C(Predicted)
density 1.62±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)
storage temp. Keep in dark place,Sealed in dry,Store in freezer, under -20°C
solubility Sparingly soluble in water, slightly soluble in methanol.
pka4.29±0.40(Predicted)
CAS DataBase Reference64221-86-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry SystemImipenem (64221-86-9)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes Xi
Risk Statements 36/37/38
Safety Statements 26-27-36/37/39
HS Code 29419000
MSDS Information
Imipenem Usage And Synthesis
DescriptionImipenem is a chemically stable thienamycin derivative with an antibacterial activity that is broader in spectrum and of greater potency than most of the third generation cephalosporins. Combination with cilastatin, an inhibitor of renal brush-border dehydropeptidase-I, increases both urinary and plasma levels of imipenem.
Chemical PropertiesWhite Crystals
OriginatorMerck (USA)
UsesCarbapenem antibacterial.
DefinitionChEBI: Imipenem is a broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It is a beta-lactam antibiotic allergen and a member of carbapenems. It is a tautomer of an imipenem zwitterion.
Manufacturing ProcessPreparation of N-formimidoyl thienamycin:
Thienamycin (517 mg) is dissolved in pH 7 0.1 N phosphate buffer (25 ml) and cooled in an ice bath with magnetic stirring. The solution is adjusted to pH 8.5 using 2.5 N sodium hydroxide solution dispensed from an automatic burette. While maintaining a pH of 8.5, methyl formimidate hydrochloride (711 mg) is added portionwise over 2-3 minutes. After an additional 10 min, the pH of the solution is brought to 7.0 using 2.5 N hydrochloric acid. The solution is chromatographed on a column of XAD-2 resin (150 ml) which is eluted with water. The N-formimidoyl thienamycin derivative (imipenem) elutes in 1.5-2.0 column volumes (200-300 ml) and is lyophilized to a white solid (217 mg). UV (pH 7 0.1 N phosphate buffer); λmax297 nm (8,590); ir (Nujol mull) 1767 Cm-1(β-lactam).
Another method preparation of imipenem:
6-(1)-Hydroxyethyl-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-3,7-dione-2-carboxylate is converted to the diphenoxyphosphate enol ester and this in turn reacted with N,S-bistrimethylsilyl-N-formimidoylcysteamine (use of the bistrimethylsilylated reagent is necessary in order to avoid side reactions caused by cyclization reactions). As a result the (PhO)2OPO-groups are converted to Me3SiN = CHNH-groups. Removal of the protecting groups complete the synthesis of 1- azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-3-((2- ((iminomethyl)amino)ethyl)thio)-7-oxo-, (5R-(5-alpha,6-alpha(R*)))-.


Brand nameZIENAM
Therapeutic FunctionAntibiotic
Antimicrobial activityImipenem shows potent activity against a wide range of Grampositive and Gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes, including many resistant to other agents.Concentrations (mg/L) inhibiting 50% of strains of other organisms are: Listeria monocytogenes, 0.03; Legionella pneumophila, 0.03; Enterococcus faecium, 4; Yersinia spp., 0.06. Mycobacterium fortuitum is inhibited by 6.25 mg/L. Imipenem is active against many Pseudomonas species, but not Sten. maltophilia. It is active against most anaerobes, with the exception of Cl. perfringens, which is only moderately susceptible. It is bactericidal at 2–4 times the MIC for most species, but some strains of Staph. aureus exhibit ‘tolerance’ . Bactericidal synergy with aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, fosfomycin and rifampicin (rifampin) has been observed against many strains of Staph. aureus and enterococci.
Antibacterial activity is unaffected by the presence of cilastatin, which is itself devoid of antimicrobial activity.
Imipenem is stable to hydrolysis by most serine β-lactamases, with the exception of the group 2f carbapenem-hydrolyzingenzymes hydrolyzingenzymes . Strains of B. fragilis, Aeromonas spp. and Sten. maltophilia can produce metallo-β-lactamases that hydrolyze the drug rapidly. These strains, in addition to occasional strains of enterobacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii and Ps. aeruginosa, show variable resistance to imipenem depending upon the level of carbapenem-hydrolyzing enzymes and the presence or absence of imipenem-specific porins. Efflux pumps also exist that may extrude imipenem from Gramnegative bacteria.

Acquired resistanceSome strains of Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Proteus vulgaris, Providencia, Ps. aeruginosa and Serratia spp. may be resistant to imipenem and other β-lactam agents, often because of the selection of stably derepressed mutants expressing high levels of group 1 β-lactamases coupled with decreased intracellular drug levels due to porin mutations or increased efflux.
Induction of class 1 β-lactamases by imipenem in strains of Aeromonas, Pseudomonas and Serratia spp. is responsible for antagonism of β-lactamase-labile β-lactam agents in vitro. Imipenem resistance in Ps. aeruginosa can occur following selection of mutants that hyperproduce the group 1 cephalosporinase and which are also deficient in an outer membrane protein (OprD or D2) which specifically transports imipenem, but not cephalosporins or monobactams.
Clinical UseLower respiratory tract infections
Urinary tract infections (complicated and uncomplicated)
Intra-abdominal infections
Gynecological infections
Bacterial septicemia
Bone and joint infections
Skin and skin structure infections
Endocarditis
Polymicrobial infections


Side effectsCNS effects such as confusional states and seizures have been reported, especially when recommended doses were exceeded, and in patients with renal failure or creatinine clearances of ≤20 mL/min/1.73 m2.
Other reactions include phlebitis/thrombophlebitis (3.1%), nausea (2.0%), diarrhea (1.8%) and vomiting (1.5%).
Increased hepatic enzymes may be seen in adults and children. Superinfection with Aspergillus, Candida and resistant Pseudomonas spp. have been described and pseudomembranous colitis has been reported.
Patients with a history of hypersensitivity reactions to penicillins, cephalosporins or other β-lactam antibiotics should be treated cautiously with carbapenems.
Imipenem Preparation Products And Raw materials
Raw materialsThienamycin
side chain for imipenem INTERMEDIATE OF IMIPENEM,IMIPENEM INTERMEDIATE Cilastatin&imipenem Imipenem+Cilastatin(1:1) Imipenem and cilastatin sodium,Imipenem hydrate·cilastatin sodium,imipenem-cilastatinsodiummixt Imipenem-Cilastatin sodium hydrate Imipenem + Cilastatin Rifaximin/Azteronam/Faropenem/Imipenem, ALTRENOGEST Intermediate for Imipenem Imipenem imipenem-cefoxitin-hydrolyzing enzyme Ethyl vanillin STERILE IMIPENEM AND CILASTATIN SODIUM AMINO ACIDS Thienamycin Meropenem,Imipenem,Cinnarizine panipenem-betamipron

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