| Uses | Iodine trichloride is used in organic synthesis as a chlorinating and iodinating agent to introduce chlorine and iodine into organic compounds producing their halogen derivatives. It also is used as a topical antiseptic.
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| Preparation | Iodine trichloride is prepared by adding iodine to liquid chlorine in a stoichiometric amount:
3Cl2 + I2 → 2ICl3
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| Reactions | Iodine trichloride decomposes on heating at 77°C, forming iodine monochloride and chlorine:
ICl3 →ICl + Cl2
It dissolves in concentrated hydrochloric acid , forming HICl4•4H2O:
ICl3 + HCl + 4H2O → HICl4•4H2O
Iodine trichloride hydrolyzes in water or dilute acids, the products depending upon reaction conditions. This reaction usually is similar to iodine monochloride:
4ICl3 + 6H2O → I2 + 6HCl + 2HIO3 + 3Cl2
It combines with potassium chloride, forming a complex salt, KICl4:
ICl3 + KCl → KICl4
Reaction with acetylene produces chlorovinyl iododichloride, containing two active chlorine atoms attached to the iodine atom:
ICl3 + HC≡CH → ClCH=CHICl2
The above product has many applications in chemical synthesis.
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| Toxicity | Iodine trichloride is highly corrosive. Contact with skin can cause a burn. Vapors are highly irritating to eyes and respiratory tract.
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| Chemical Properties | Orange-yellow, deliquescent, crystalline
powder; pungent irritating odor.
Soluble in water (with decomposition), alcohol, and
benzene. |
| Physical properties | Orange yellow triclinic crystals or fluffy powder; hygroscopic; density 3.111g/cm3at 15°C; sublimes at 64°C with decomposition; melts at 101°C at 16 atm;hydrolyzes in water; soluble in ethanol, carbon tetrachloride and benzene; soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid but hydrolyzes in dilute acid. |
| Uses | Iodine trichloride can be used to introduce iodine and chlorine in organic synthesis. It is also used as topical antiseptic and as laboratory reagent. |
| Uses | Iodine trichloride is used as a chlorinatingand oxidizing agent. |
| Uses | Chlorinating and oxidizing agent. |
| Hazard | Toxic by ingestion and inhalation, corrosive
to tissue. |
| Health Hazard | Iodine trichloride is a highly corrosive sub stance. Skin contact can cause burn. Vaporsare irritating to the skin, eyes, and mucousmembranes. When heated at 77°C (170°F),it decomposes to chlorine and iodine mono chloride. |
| Fire Hazard | Noncombustible solid. Violent reaction oc curs with potassium. It reacts violently when
heated with sodium, aluminum, phosphorus,
phosphorus trichloride, or organic matter. |
| Purification Methods | Purify ICl3 by sublimation at room temperature. Irritant vapours. [Booth & Morris Inorg Synth I 167 1939.] |
