Sodium chloride

Sodium chloride Basic information
Product Name:Sodium chloride
Synonyms:Sodium chloride puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., >=99.5%;Sodium chloride puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, USP, 99.0-100.5% (calc. to the dried substance), <=0.00002% Al;Sodium chloride random crystals, optical grade, 99.98% trace metals basis;Sodium chloride ReagentPlus(R), >=99%;Sodium chloride Redi-Dri(TM), anhydrous, free-flowing, ACS reagent, >=99%;Sodium chloride Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 99%;BORIC ACID SODIUM DECAHYDRATE NF GRADE;BICINE HIGH PURITY GRADE
CAS:7647-14-5
MF:NaCl
MW:58.44277
EINECS:231-598-3
Product Categories:Synthetic Reagents;SN - SZ;SN - SZCertified Reference Materials (CRMs);Alphabetic;Application CRMs;S;S - Z;Salt Solutions;Volumetric Solutions;Titrimetry;Titrimetry CRMs;TitrimetryAnalytical Standards;Reagents and Media SupplementsSynthetic Reagents;Specialty Media Systems;Inorganic Salts;ACS Grade BuffersBiological Buffers;ACS GradeBiological Buffers;Buffers A to ZSynthetic Reagents;Acids and BasesEssential Chemicals;Biochemicals and Reagents;Denaturation;Routine Reagents;Reagent Grade;Sodium Chloride (NaCl) and Sodium Chloride Solutions;Sodium Salts;Essential Chemicals;Inorganic Salts;Materials Science;Metal and Ceramic Science;Research Essentials;Analytical Reagents for General Use;HPLC;HPLC Buffer;HPLC Buffer - SolidChromatography/CE Reagents;HPLC Buffers;Solid;Anionic SolutionsChromatography;Anionic Standard SolutionsAlphabetic;C;CH;Ion Chromatography;Ion Chromatography Standards;Biotechnology Performance Certified (BPC) BuffersBiological Buffers;Buffer Convenience Packaging;Buffer SolutionsBiological Buffers;Buffers A to ZEssential Chemicals;Reagent Plus;Buffers A to ZSerum-free Media;Companion Products and ReagentsSynthetic Reagents;Insect Platform;Concentrates (e.g. FIXANAL);Reference Material Silver nitrateTitration;Accessories;AlphabeticalMolecular Biology;BioUltraProtein Structural Analysis;DNA&RNA Purification;Optimization ReagentsMolecular Biology;Biological Buffers;Solutions and Reagents;Crystal Grade Inorganics;Sodium;Ultra-High Purity Materials;Inorganics;Chemistry;Embryo Culture;Analytical Reagents;Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS);Digestion Reagents;Pure Salts for Melting Digestions (Trace SELECT)Analytical/Chromatography;Trace Analysis Reagents;Puriss p.a.;Q-S, Puriss p.a.;Acids and BasesBiological Buffers;Buffers A to ZBiological Buffers;SigmaUltra Buffers;Acids and BasesCell Culture;Biological BuffersBiological Buffers;Reagents and Supplements;IR Spectroscopy ReagentsMetal and Ceramic Science;IR Spectroscopy;Salts;Sodium Salts;Spectroscopy;Analytical/Chromatography;Auxiliaries for ISE;Ion Sensor Materials;Buffers A to ZHIS-Select;Reagents and Products for use with HIS-SelectSynthetic Reagents;Acids and BasesMolecular Biology;BiochemicalsBiological Buffers;HIS Select Supporting Products and Reagents;Molecular Biology Reagents;Crystal Grade Inorganics;Metal and Ceramic Science;SodiumMetal and Ceramic Science;Optimization ReagentsBiochemicals and Reagents;AlphabeticalProtein Structural Analysis;Density Gradient;Salts of Alkali Metals;X-Ray Crystallography;Reference Material Silver nitrateVolumetric Solutions;S - ZSynthetic Reagents;By Reference Material;Buffer TabletsBiological Buffers;Buffers A to Z;Reagent GradeMetal and Ceramic Science;Buffers A to ZPharmacopoeia (USP);Pharmacopoeia A-ZPharmacopoeia (USP);Pharmacopoeial InorganicsBiological Buffers;USP/MultiCompendial Grade Buffers;Salt Concentrates;ReagentsBiochemicals and Reagents;PurissSynthetic Reagents;Salts of Alkali MetalsMore...Close...;Acids and BasesBiochemicals and Reagents;AlphabeticalBiochemicals and Reagents;BioUltraMolecular Biology;metal halide;7647-14-5
Mol File:7647-14-5.mol
Sodium chloride Structure
Sodium chloride Chemical Properties
Melting point 801 °C (lit.)
Boiling point 1465 °C/1 atm (lit.)
density 1.199 g/mL at 20 °C
vapor pressure 1 mm Hg ( 865 °C)
refractive index n20/D 1.378
Fp 1413°C
storage temp. +15C to +30C
solubility H2O: soluble
form tablets
Specific Gravity2.165
color White
PH5.5-6.5(1 tablet in 100 mL purified water)
Water Solubility 360 g/L (20 ºC)
λmaxλ: 260 nm Amax: 0.02
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.01
Sensitive Hygroscopic
Merck 14,8599
BRN 3534976
BCS Class1
Stability:Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKeyFAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M
CAS DataBase Reference7647-14-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry ReferenceSodium chloride(7647-14-5)
EPA Substance Registry SystemSodium chloride (7647-14-5)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes Xi
Risk Statements 36-36/37/38-22
Safety Statements 24/25-26-36
WGK Germany 1
RTECS VZ4725000
3-10
TSCA Yes
HS Code 38220000
Hazardous Substances Data7647-14-5(Hazardous Substances Data)
ToxicityLD50 orally in rats: 3.75 ±0.43 g/kg (Boyd, Shanas)
MSDS Information
ProviderLanguage
Sodium chloride English
ACROS English
SigmaAldrich English
ALFA English
Sodium chloride Usage And Synthesis
DescriptionSodium chloride is widely distributed in nature. Oceans are the vast source of sodium chloride. It occurs in seawater at an average concentration of 2.68 wt%. It also occurs in many inland saline waters and in salt deposits in sedimentary rocks, as the mineral halite.
Sodium chloride is probably the most important salt of both sodium and chlorine. Sodium chloride, common table salt, is an essential component of most food preparation, imparting flavor to food and providing the sodium nutritional requirement. Also, it is used for preserving food. Therapeutically, NaCl solution is used to combat dehydration as an electrolyte replenisher, and it is an emetic.
The most important applications of sodium chloride in the chemical industry are in making a number of important industrial chemicals such as hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and metallic sodium. It is the starting material in manufacturing these substances. Other uses are in dyeing and printing fabrics, glazing pottery, in making soap, and for curing hides. Sodium chloride is a component of many freezing mixtures.

Chemical PropertiesSodium chloride, NaCl, also known as common salt and halite, is a white crystalline solid.It is soluble in water,slightly soluble in alcohol, and melts at 804 °C (1480 °F). Sodium chloride is the most important sodium mineral and occurs naturally in seawater, underground deposits, and brine wells.Sodiumchlorideis a basic raw material for the production of chlorine,sodium hypochlorite, sodium bisulfate,soda ash, and hydrogen chloride. Sodium chloride is also used in food preparation, fertilizers, and by highway departments to control icy road conditions.
Chemical PropertiesSodium chloride occurs as a white crystalline powder or colorless crystals; it has a saline taste. The crystal lattice is a face-centered cubic structure. Solid sodium chloride contains no water of crystallization although, below 0℃, salt may crystallize as a dihydrate.
Physical propertiesSodium chloride is the familiar compound commonly referred to as salt or table salt. Th e mineral form of sodium chloride is halite and is found in natural deposits throughout the world. It accounts for approximately 2.7% by weight of the dissolved minerals in seawater. Sodium chloride is an ionic compound existing as a white crystalline cubic structure of alternating sodium and chloride ions. Sodium chloride is essential for life, with the average adult requiring about 1 to 2 grams per day. Salt supplies sodium and provides numerous essential functions such as maintaining water balance in cells, taking part in nerve signal transmission and muscle contraction.
OccurrenceSodium chloride is widely distributed in nature. Oceans are the vast source of sodium chloride. It occurs in seawater at an average concentration of 2.68 wt%. It also occurs in many inland saline waters and in salt deposits in sedimentary rocks, as the mineral halite.
Sodium chloride is probably the most important salt of both sodium and chlorine. Sodium chloride, common table salt, is an essential component of most food preparation, imparting flavor to food and providing the sodium nutritional requirement. Also, it is used for preserving food. Therapeutically, NaCl solution is used to combat dehydration as an electrolyte replenisher, and it is an emetic.
The most important applications of sodium chloride in the chemical industry are in making a number of important industrial chemicals such as hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and metallic sodium. It is the starting material in manufacturing these substances. Other uses are in dyeing and printing fabrics, glazing pottery, in making soap, and for curing hides. Sodium chloride is a component of many freezing mixtures.

UsesFacilitates the cross-coupling of organostannanes with iodides without using palladium.1
UsesUsed in biochemistry and molecular biology applications; a component of PBS and SSC buffers
UsesNatural salt is the source of chlorine and of sodium as well as of all, or practically all, their Compounds, e.g., hydrochloric acid, chlorates, sodium carbonate, hydroxide, etc.; for preserving foods; manufacture of soap, to salt out dyes; in freezing mixtures; for dyeing and printing fabrics, glazing pottery, curing hides; metallurgy of tin and other metals.
UsesUsed as an electrolyte; buffers ; matrix modification.
Usessodium chloride (table salt) is used as a preservative, astringent, and anti-septic to treat inflamed lesions. It can also be used to mask odor, reduce product density, and control viscosity. Diluted solutions are not considered irritating.
UsesSodium chloride Commonly known as table salt, sodium chloride is found as the mineral halite and in brines and seawater. Sodium chloride is soluble in water but less so in alcohol. It was the first halide to be combined with silver nitrate and was also used by L. J. M. Daguerre and W. H. F. Talbot as a stabilizer before fi xing with hypo was adopted.
DefinitionChEBI: An inorganic chloride salt having sodium(1+) as the counterion.
PreparationSodium chloride is produced by solar evaporation of seawater or brine from underground salt deposits. It also is produced by mining rock salt. The commercial product contains small amounts of calcium and magnesium chlorides.
Production MethodsSodium chloride occurs naturally as the mineral halite. Commercially, it is obtained by the solar evaporation of sea water, by mining, or by the evaporation of brine from underground salt deposits.
DefinitionA compound with an acidic and a basic radical, or a compound formed by total or partial replacement of the hydrogen in an acid by a metal. In general terms a salt is a material that has identifiable cationic and anionic components.
Definitionsaline: Describing a chemical compoundthat is a salt, or a solutioncontaining a salt.
Definitionsalt: A compound formed by reactionof an acid with a base, in whichthe hydrogen of the acid has been replacedby metal or other positiveions. Typically, salts are crystallineionic compounds such as Na+Cl– andNH4+NO3-. Covalent metal compounds,such as TiCl4, are also oftenregarded as salts.
Brand nameBroncho Saline (Blairex).
General DescriptionA white crystalline solid. Commercial grade usually contains some chlorides of calcium and magnesium which absorb moisture and cause caking.
Air & Water ReactionsWater soluble.
Reactivity ProfileSodium chloride is generally unreactive. Releases gaseous hydrogen chloride if mixed with a concentrated nonvolatile acid such as sulfuric acid.
Fire HazardLiterature sources indicate that Sodium chloride is nonflammable.
Flammability and ExplosibilityNonflammable
Pharmaceutical ApplicationsSodium chloride is widely used in a variety of parenteral and nonparenteral pharmaceutical formulations, where the primary use is to produce isotonic solutions.
Sodium chloride has been used as a lubricant and diluent in capsules and direct-compression tablet formulations in the past, although this practice is no longer common. Sodium chloride has also been used as a channeling agent and as an osmotic agent in the cores of controlled-release tablets. It has been used as a porosity modifier in tablet coatings, and to control drug release from microcapsules.
The addition of sodium chloride to aqueous spray-coating solutions containing hydroxypropyl cellulose or hypromellose suppresses the agglomeration of crystalline cellulose particles.(13) Sodium chloride can also be used to modify drug release from gels and from emulsions. It can be used to control micelle size, and to adjust the viscosity of polymer dispersions by altering the ionic character of a formulation.

Agricultural UsesHalite is a naturally occurring sodium chloride (NaCl) deposit. The most abundant potash mineral deposit is sylvite (KCl). Sylvite with halite forms the common potash ore, called sylvinite.
Biochem/physiol ActionsSodium chloride helps to stimulate the stable induction of T-helper cell 17 (TH17) cells.
Clinical UseTreatment and prophylaxis of sodium chloride deficiency
Safety ProfilePoison by intraperitoneal and intracervical routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion, intravenous, and subcutaneous routes. An experimental teratogen. Human systemic effects by ingestion: blood pressure increase. Human reproductive effects by intraplacental route: terminates pregnancy. Experimental reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. A skin and eye irritant. When bulk sodium chloride is heated to high temperature, a vapor is emitted that is irritating, particularly to the eyes. Ingestion of large amounts of sodium chloride can cause irritation of the stomach. Improper use of salt tablets may produce this effect. Potentially explosive reaction with dichloromaleic anhydride + urea. Electrolysis of mixtures with nitrogen compounds may form the explosive nitrogen trichloride. Reaction with burning lithmm forms the dangerously reactive sodmm. The molten salt at 11 00' reacts explosively with water. Violent reaction with BrF3. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cland Na2O.
SafetySodium chloride is the most important salt in the body for maintaining the osmotic tension of blood and tissues. About 5–12 g of sodium chloride is consumed daily, in the normal adult diet, and a corresponding amount is excreted in the urine. As an excipient, sodium chloride may be regarded as an essentially nontoxic and nonirritant material. However, toxic effects following the oral ingestion of 0.5–1.0 g/kg body-weight in adults may occur. The oral ingestion of larger quantities of sodium chloride, e.g. 1000 g in 600mL of water, is harmful and can induce irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, vomiting, hypernatremia, respiratory distress, convulsions, or death.
In rats, the minimum lethal intravenous dose is 2.5 g/kg bodyweight.
LD50 (mouse, IP): 6.61 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, IV): 0.65 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, oral): 4.0 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, SC): 3.0 g/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): 3.0 g/kg




Drug interactionsPotentially hazardous interactions with other drugs
May impair the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs in chronic renal failure.
MetabolismExcess sodium is mainly excreted by the kidney, and small amounts are lost in the faeces and sweat.
storageAqueous sodium chloride solutions are stable but may cause the separation of glass particles from certain types of glass containers. Aqueous solutions may be sterilized by autoclaving or filtration. The solid material is stable and should be stored in a well-closed container, in a cool, dry place.
It has been shown that the compaction characteristics and the mechanical properties of tablets are influenced by the relative humidity of the storage conditions under which sodium chloride was kept.
Purification MethodsIt is recrystallised from a saturated aqueous solution (2.7mL/g) by passing in HCl gas, or by adding EtOH or acetone. It can be freed from bromide and iodide impurities by adding chlorine water to an aqueous solution and boiling it for some time to expel free bromine and iodine. Traces of iron can be removed by prolonged boiling of solid NaCl in 6M HCl; the crystals are then washed with EtOH and dried at ca 100o. Sodium chloride has been purified by sublimation in a stream of pre-purified N2 and collected by electrostatic discharge [Ross & Winkler J Am Chem Soc 76 2637 1954]. For use as a primary analytical standard, analytical reagent grade NaCl should be finely ground, dried in an electric furnace at 500-600o in a platinum crucible, and allowed to cool in a desiccator. For most purposes, however, drying at 110-120o is satisfactory.
IncompatibilitiesAqueous sodium chloride solutions are corrosive to iron. They also react to form precipitates with silver, lead, and mercury salts. Strong oxidizing agents liberate chlorine from acidified solutions of sodium chloride. The solubility of the antimicrobial preservative methylparaben is decreased in aqueous sodium chloride solutions and the viscosity of carbomer gels and solutions of hydroxyethyl cellulose or hydroxypropyl cellulose is reduced by the addition of sodium chloride.
Regulatory StatusGRAS listed. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (injections; inhalations; nasal, ophthalmic, oral, otic, rectal, and topical preparations). Included in nonparenteral and parenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.
CALCIUM CHLORIDE STANDARD,CALCIUM CHLORIDE STANDARD SOLUTION, 1.0 M,CALCIUM CHLORIDE STANDARD SOLUTION, 0.5 M,CALCIUM CHLORIDE STANDARD SOLUTION Choline chloride Potassium chloride SodiumChlorideInjection Methylene Chloride Benzyl chloride CESIUM CHLORIDE/SODIUM CHLORIDE (2:1) EUTECTIC PHENYLSELENOL sodium Sodium chloride Acetyl chloride GlucoseandSodiumChlorideInjection Ammonium chloride D-GLUCOSAMINE SULFATE SODIUM CHLORIDE TERT-BUTYL ISOCYANIDE Polyvinyl chloride SODIUM CHLORIDE-35CL, 99 ATOM % 35CL 2-​[[(2-​ethylphenyl)​(2-​hydroxyethyl)​amino]​methyl]​-​3,​3-​difluoro-Propanenitrile Sodium Chloride Granular Sodium Chloride Usp Sodium Hydrochloric Acid Rock Salt Sodium Chlorides Table Salt

Email:[email protected] [email protected]
Copyright © 2024 Mywellwork.com All rights reserved.