Sodium tetraborate decahydrate

Sodium tetraborate decahydrate Basic information
Description References
Product Name:Sodium tetraborate decahydrate
Synonyms:SWABS 10ML PEPTON FYSIOLOG. SALINE SOL.;SODIUM TETRABORATE DECAHYDRATE BIOXT;Borax,Sodium tetraborate,decahydrate,sodium borate, decahydrate,antipyonin,borascu;Boric acid sodium decahydrate;Sodium tetraborate decahydrateACS reagent, 99.5-105.0% (Titration);antipyonin;antipyonin[qr];borascu
CAS:1303-96-4
MF:B4H20Na2O17
MW:381.37
EINECS:603-411-9
Product Categories:Inorganics;organic or inorganic borate;1303-96-4
Mol File:1303-96-4.mol
Sodium tetraborate decahydrate Structure
Sodium tetraborate decahydrate Chemical Properties
Melting point 75 °C
Boiling point 320°C
density 1.73 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure 0.213 hPa (20 °C)
storage temp. 2-8°C
solubility H2O: 0.1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form Powder/Solid
Specific Gravity1.73
color White, gray, bluish or greenish white
OdorOdorless
PH Range9.2
PH9.21(1 mM solution);9.17(10 mM solution);9.05(100 mM solution);
Water Solubility 60 g/L (20 ºC)
λmaxλ: 260 nm Amax: 0.012
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.010
Merck 14,8590
Exposure limitsACGIH: TWA 2 mg/m3; STEL 6 mg/m3
NIOSH: TWA 5 mg/m3
InChIKeyCDMADVZSLOHIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference1303-96-4
EPA Substance Registry SystemBorax (1303-96-4)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes Xn,T
Risk Statements 62-61-60
Safety Statements 22-24/25-36/37-45-53
RIDADR UN 1458
WGK Germany 1
RTECS VZ2275000
TSCA Yes
HS Code 28401990
Hazardous Substances Data1303-96-4(Hazardous Substances Data)
ToxicityLD50 orally in rats: 5.66 g/kg (Smyth)
MSDS Information
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Sodium tetraborate decahydrate Usage And Synthesis
DescriptionSodium tetraborate decahydrate also known as Borax, sodium borate, sodium tetraborate, or disodium tetraborate is a naturally occurring compound.
It is mostly used as a cleaning aid especially for laundry (softening the water). As a cleaning aid, borax is also used as dishwasher detergent, as floor and wall cleaner, and to clean outdoor furniture, toilet, porcelain sinks, stains from stainless steel. Borax can be used for parasite control to keep ants, water bugs, and cockroaches away and help dogs with mange and people with a variety of parasite problems including lice and mites. Due to its alkalinity and antifungal properties, Borax is used in hair care products to heal chronic and embarrassing scalp conditions. Borax is also used as a remedy for health problems (arthritis, osteoporosis, bone spurs, calcium deposits, lupus, autoimmune disease, hormone imbalances, fungus, candida, ringworm, tinea versicolor, insomnia, rough skin). Furthermore, Borax is applied as a fire retardant, as a flux in metallurgy, as a precursor for other boron compounds, as anti-fungal compound for fiberglass and cellulose insulation, to make buffer solutions in biochemistry, and to make indelible ink for dip pens by dissolving shellac into heated borax.
References[1] https://www.earthclinic.com/remedies/borax.html
[2] http://www.cqconcepts.com/chem_sodiumborate.php
[3] http://www.usesfor.net/uses-for-borax.html

Chemical PropertiesWhite cryst. powder
Chemical PropertiesBorax is a noncombustible (an inherent fire retardant), bluish-gray or green, odorless crystalline powder or granules.
Chemical PropertiesSodium borate occurs as white, hard crystals, granules, or crystalline powder. It is odorless and efflorescent.
Physical propertiesWhite monoclinic crystal; density 1.73 g/cm3; decomposes at 75°C; soluble in water; the vapor pressure of the pure compound 1.6 torr at 20°C and that of a saturated solution 130 torr at 58°C; the pH of a 1% aqueous solution 9.24 (the pH is nearly independent of concentration); readily dissolves in alcohols.
OccurrenceBorax decahydrate occurs in nature as mineral, borax (tincal). It is one of the most common sodium borate ores. The compound has several industrial applications. The refined material is mostly used in household cleaning products. It is used to make pyrex and other borosilicate glasses. Borax is added to fertilizers in small quantities as a source of boron, as a trace nutrient for plants. High purity grade borax is used in cosmetics, toilet products and electrolytic capacitors. It also is used in fire retardants, adhesives and herbicides.
UsesSodium Tetraborate Decahydrate is used as a buffer in antigetn-retrieval procedure for bromodeoxyuridine immunolabeling with concurrent labeling of nuclear DNA and antigens damaged by hydrochloric acid pretreatment.
UsesA natural, colorless salt crystal found in some lake beds. It is soluble in water and glycerin but not in alcohol. When mixed with water, it produces a slight alkaline reaction. Its use in photography was principally as a pH modifier in gold toning baths, but it was also used as a restrainer in pyrogallic acid developers and as an accelerator in hydroquinone developers.
Usesmetabolite
UsesBuffers; complexing or masking agent.
UsesSoldering metals; manufacture of glazes and enamels; tanning; in the production of adhesives and in anticorrosion systems; in cleaning Compounds; artificially aging wood; as preservative, either alone or with other antiseptics against wood fungus; fireproofing fabrics and wood; curing and preserving skins; in cockroach control. Pharmaceutic aid (alkalizer).
Production MethodsSodium borate can be prepared from minerals such as borosodium calcite, pandermite, or tinkal; these are natural sodium or calcium borates. Treatment of the mineral with sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogencarbonate yields the sodium borate decahydrate. In the USA, brine from salt lakes is also an important source of sodium borate.
HazardToxic by inhalation.
Health HazardBorates are irritants of the eyes, nose, and throat; at high concentrations ingestion of the compounds can result in gastrointestinal irritation, kidney injury, and even death from central nervous system depression or cardiovascular collapse.
Pharmaceutical ApplicationsSodium borate is used in pharmaceutical applications similarly to boric acid (see Boric Acid). It has been used externally as a mild astringent and as an emulsifying agent in creams. It has also been used in lozenges, mouthwashes, otic preparations (0.3% w/v), and ophthalmic solutions (0.03–1.0% w/v). Sodium borate has additionally been investigated in the prevention of crystal formation in freeze-dried solutions.
Preparations of sodium borate in honey have historically been used as paints for the throat, tongue, and mouth, but such use is now inadvisable because of concerns about toxicity in such applications. Sodium borate is also used in cosmetics such as moisturizers, deodorants, and shampoos.
Agricultural UsesBorate is a salt of boric acid (H3BO3). There are two known types of borates - orthoborate and metaborate which are used as fertilizers. Besides these, polyborates, boric acid, calcium polyborate (colemanite), sodium tetraborate, solubor and complex borosilicate (boron frits) are also used as fertilizers to reduce boron deficiency. Borate minerals like kernite and tincal are the main sources of borax.
Borax, a source of boron, is the salt of boric acid, sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate. Borax, otherwise called disodium tetraborate decahydrate(Na2B4O7·10H2O)is a water-soluble white compound. It occurs as a mineral in some alkaline salt deposits. The main sources of borax are borate minerals, kernite(Na2B4·4H2O),a sorite and heal(Na2B4O7·10H2O)which are purified by recrystallization. On treatment with an acid, borax gives boric acid which is absorbed as boron by plants. Borax contains 10.5 to 11.4% boron or 36.5% boric oxide (B2O3).
Borax is a supplier of micronutrient boron for plants and is applied as such or as a foliar spray. Solubor is preferred to borax for its greater solubility and because it causes minimum changes in the crystallization temperature.
Borax is a very important substance in other industries too. It is used as a metallurgical flux in glass and ceramic industries, a buffer, a mild alkaline antiseptic and a source of boron compounds.


Agricultural UsesSolubor is a type of borate containing 20.3% boron. It is chemically a polyborate, similar to borax, and is represented as Na2B2O7?5H2O +Na2B10O16?10H2O. is a finely-ground, white product specially designed for foliar, liquid or dust applications, to correct boron deficiency.
Safety ProfileExperimental poison by subcutaneous route. Moderately toxic to humans by ingestion. Moderately toxic experimentally by ingestion, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. Ingestion of 5-10 g of borax by children can cause severe vomiting, diarrhea, shock, death. Incompatible with acids, metallic salts. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Na2O, boron. See also BORON COMPOUNDS. Used in ant poisons, for fly control around refuse and manure piles, as a larvicide, in manufacture of glazes, enamels, cleaning compounds, and in soldering metals.
SafetySodium borate has weak bacteriostatic and astringent properties. Historically, sodium borate has been used as a disinfectant in skin lotions and eye-, nose-, and mouthwashes. However, boric acid is easily absorbed via mucous membranes and damaged skin, and severe toxicity has been observed, especially in babies and children. Consequently, the use of sodium borate as a disinfectant is now considered somewhat obsolete and careful use is recommended. The toxic effects of sodium borate include vomiting, diarrhea, erythema, CNS depression, and kidney damage. The lethal oral intake is approximately 20 g in adults and 5 g in children.
LD50 (guinea pig, oral): 5.33 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, IP): 2.711 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, IV): 1.320 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, oral): 2.0 g/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): 2.66 g/kg




Potential ExposureBorax is used as a soldering flux, preservative against wood fungus; and as an antiseptic. Used in ant poisons, for fly control around refuse and manure piles, as a larvicide. It is used in the manufacture of enamels and glazes, fiberglass insulation; sodium perborate bleach; in tanning, cleaning compounds; for fireproofing fabrics and wood; and in artificial aging of wood.
CarcinogenicitySodium borate tested negatively in the Ames bioassay but was found to be cytotoxic to cultured human fibroblasts.
storageSodium borate should be stored in a well-closed container in a cool, dry, place.
ShippingUN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances, solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9—Miscellaneous hazardous material, Technical Name Required.
Purification MethodsCrystallise the borate from water (3.3mL/g), keeping below 55o to avoid formation of the pentahydrate. Filter it off at the pump, wash it with water and equilibrate it for several days in a desiccator containing an aqueous solution saturated with respect to sucrose and NaCl. Borax can be prepared more quickly (but its water content is somewhat variable) by washing the recrystallised material at the pump with water, followed by 95% EtOH, then Et2O, and dried in air at room temperature for 12-18hours on a clock glass. [Becher in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I pp 794-795 1963.]
IncompatibilitiesDissolves in water forming a basic solution. Boron dust may form explosive mixture with air. Contact with strong oxidizers may be violent. Boron is incompatible with ammonia, bromine tetrafluoride, cesium carbide, chlorine, fluorine, interhalogens, iodic acid, lead dioxide, nitric acid, nitric oxide, nitrosyl fluoride, nitrous oxide, potassium nitrite, rubidium carbide, silver fluoride.
IncompatibilitiesSodium borate is incompatible with acids and with metallic and alkaloidal salts.
Waste DisposalBorax, dehydrated: The material is diluted to the recommended provisional limit (0.10 mg/L) in water. The pH is adjusted to between 6.5 and 9.1 and then the material can be discharged into sewers or natural streams.
Regulatory StatusAccepted for use as a food additive in Europe. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (otic preparations; ophthalmic solutions and suspensions). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK, Italy, France, Germany, and Japan. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.
Sodium tetraborate decahydrate Preparation Products And Raw materials
Raw materialsSodium hydroxide-->Sodium carbonate-->CARBON DIOXIDE-->CALCIUM CARBONATE-->Paste-->Pressure vessels
Preparation ProductsOrthoboric acid-->Boron oxide-->Zinc borate-->Sodium perborate
Sodium sulfate Sodium tetraborate Sodium benzoate Sodium tetraborate decahydrate SODIUM SULFATE DECAHYDRATE Ammonium borate trihydrate Tincalconite (B4Na2O7.5H2O) sodium Diclofenac sodium Disodium succinate STANDARD BUFFER Sodium bicarbonate Sodium hydroxide Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt Sodium carbonate decahydrate Sodium chlorite BORAX DECAHYDRATE FOOD GRADE Sodium tetraborate pentahydrate Borax Decahydrate Sodium Borate Decahydrate

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