Acridine

Acridine Chemical Properties
Melting point 106-109 °C
Boiling point 346 °C(lit.)
density 1,005 g/cm3
refractive index 1.7270 (estimate)
Fp 346°C
storage temp. Refrigerator
solubility dioxane: 0.1 g/mL, clear
pka5.58(at 20℃)
form Crystalline Powder
color Yellow to yellow-brown
PH RangeGreen B uorescence (5.2) to violet B uorescence (6.6)
Water Solubility 57.35mg/L(24 ºC)
λmax358nm, 392nm
Merck 14,122
BRN 120200
Exposure limitsOSHA: TWA 0.2 mg/m3
Stability:Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Major ApplicationOrganic light-emitting diode, photoresists, nanosensors, fuel cells, memory device, semiconductors, information storage device, liquid crystal displays, identification of product forgeries, inks, adhesives, textile, hair dyes, gene detection assay, staining cells, biosensors, detecting nucleic acids, proteins, antiHCV antibodies, antibacterial, antiamyloid agents, wound dressing materials, vaccines against infection, allergy and cancer
InChIKeyDZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP3.400
CAS DataBase Reference260-94-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry SystemAcridine (260-94-6)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes Xn
Risk Statements 22-68-36/37/38
Safety Statements 22-36-45-36/37/39-26
RIDADR UN 2713 6.1/PG 3
WGK Germany 3
RTECS AR7175000
TSCA Yes
HazardClass 6.1
PackingGroup III
HS Code 29333990
Hazardous Substances Data260-94-6(Hazardous Substances Data)
ToxicityLD50 s.c. in mice: 0.40 g/kg (Rubbo)
MSDS Information
ProviderLanguage
ACROS English
SigmaAldrich English
ALFA English
Acridine Usage And Synthesis
ApplicationsSeveral dyes and drugs feature the acridine skeleton. Many acridines, such as proflavine, also have antiseptic properties. Acridine and related derivatives (such as amsacrine) bind to DNA and RNA due to their abilities to intercalate. Acridine orange (3,6-dimethylaminoacridine) is a nucleic acid-selective metachromatic stain useful for cell cycle determination.
Acridine
Reactions

Acridine displays the reactions expected of an unsaturated N-heterocycle. It undergoes N-alkylation with alkyl iodides to form alkyl acridinium iodides, which are readily transformed by the action of alkaline potassium ferricyanide to N-alkyl acridones.
Basicity
Acridine and its homologues are weakly basic. Acridine is a photobase which has a ground state pKa of 5.1, similar to that of pyridine, and an excited state pKa of 10.6. It also shares properties with quinoline.
Reduction and oxidation
Acridines can be reduced to the 9,10-dihydroacridines, sometimes called leuco acridines. Reaction with potassium cyanide gives the 9-cyano-9,10-dehydro derivative. On oxidation with potassium permanganate, it yields acridinic acid (C9H5N(CO2H)2) otherwise known as quinoline-1,2-dicarboxylic acid. Acridine is easily oxidized by peroxymonosulfuric acid to the acridine amine oxide. The carbon 9-position of acridine is activated for addition reactions.



Chemical Propertiescolourless to light yellow crystals
Usesmanufacture of dyes and intermediates; some dyes derived from it are used as antiseptics, e.g. 9-aminoacridine, acriflavine and proflavine. The hydrochloride has been used as reagent for cobalt, iron and zinc.
UsesA quinoline derivative used as manufacturing dyes and as intermediate for antileishmanial agents. A catabolic product of carbamazepine (C175840) metabolite.
UsesAcridine is a compound occurring in coal tar that has been used in the manufacture of dyes and intermediates. Derivatives are used as antiseptics (e.g., proflavine). Acridine is a strong irritant to mucous membranes and skin, and it causes sneezing on inhalation.
DefinitionChEBI: A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.
Definitionacridine: A colourless crystallineheterocyclic compound, C12H9N; m.p.110°C. The ring structure is similarto that of anthracene, with threefused rings, the centre ring containinga nitrogen heteroatom. Severalderivatives of acridine (such as acridineorange) are used as dyes or biologicalstains.
DefinitionA colorless crystalline heterocyclic compound with three fused rings. Derivatives of acridine are used as dyes and biological stains.
Brand nameEuflavin;Proflavin.
World Health Organization (WHO)Acridine derivatives with antiseptic and disinfectant activity, including acriflavine, proflavine and euflavine, were formerly used in the treatment of infected wounds and burns. Such use has largely been discontinued on the grounds that safer and more effective alternatives are now available. Following demonstration of the mutagenic activity of proflavine in 1978 it was withdrawn from dental products in Denmark. Subsequently, euflavine was similarly withdrawn.
Synthesis Reference(s)The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 21, p. 1286, 1956 DOI: 10.1021/jo01117a019
Synthesis, p. 732, 1987 DOI: 10.1055/s-1987-28066
General DescriptionSmall colorless needle-like crystalline solid. Slightly soluble in hot water. Slightly denser than water. Contact may irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Sublimes before melting when heated. May be toxic by ingestion.
Air & Water ReactionsSlightly soluble in hot water.
Reactivity ProfileAcridine neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. Burns to give toxic oxides of nitrogen.
Health HazardInhalation irritates respiratory system and causes sneezing, crying, and vomiting. Contact with liquid irritates eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. At high temperature and during sun exposure, damage to the cornea, skin, and mucous membranes may occur following the liberation of Acridine vapor.
Safety ProfilePoison by ingestion, subcutaneous, and intravenous routes. Mutation data reported. A skin, eye, and mucous membrane irritant. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NO,.
Potential ExposureAcridine and its derivatives are widely used in the production of dyestuffs, such as acriflavine, benzoflavine, and chrysaniline; and in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals; such as aurinacrine, proflavine, and rivanol. A constituent of coal tar, coal tar creosote; found in wastes from gas and tar plants and coke oven emissions. Incompatibilities: Strong acids, strong oxidizers.
ShippingUN2713 Acridine, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials
Purification MethodsAcridine has been crystallised twice from *benzene/cyclohexane, or from aqueous EtOH, then sublimed, removing and discarding the first 25% of the sublimate. The remainder is again crystallised and sublimed, discarding the first 10-15% [Wolf & Anderson J Am Chem Soc 77 1608 1955]. Acridine can also be purified by crystallisation from n-heptane and then from ethanol/water after pre-treatment with activated charcoal, or by chromatography on alumina with pet ether in a darkened room. Alternatively, acridine can be precipitated as the hydrochloride from *benzene solution by adding HCl, after which the base is regenerated, dried at 110o/50mm, and recrystallised to constant melting point from pet ether [Cumper et al. J Chem Soc 4518 1962]. The regenerated free base may be recrystallised, chromatographed on basic alumina, then vacuum-sublimed and zone-refined. [Williams & Clarke, J Chem Soc, Faraday Trans 1 73 514 1977, Albert, The Acridines Arnold Press 1966.] It can exist in five crystalline forms and is steam volatile. It is a strong IRRITANT to skin and mucous membranes and can become a chronic irritant— handle it with CARE. [Beilstein 20/8 V 199.]
IncompatibilitiesAcridine and its derivatives are widely used in the production of dyestuffs, such as acriflavine, benzoflavine, and chrysaniline; and in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals; such as aurinacrine, proflavine, and rivanol. A constituent of coal tar, coal tar creosote; found in wastes from gas and tar plants and coke oven emissions. Incompatibilities: Strong acids, strong oxidizers.
Waste DisposalIncineration with nitrogen oxide removal from the effluent gas by scrubber, catalytic, or thermal device.
Lucigenin(bis-N-methylacridiniumnitrate) NONYL ACRIDINE ORANGE PROFLAVINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE N-(3-AMINOPROPYL)ACRIDINE-9-CARBOXAMIDE 3,6-DIAMINO-10-METHYLACRIDINIUM CHLORIDE BETA-BENZOQUINOLINE 3-b]acridine-7,14-dione,5,12-dihydro-quino 2-METHYL-9-ACRIDINECARBALDEHYDE 6-CHLORO-9-[3-N-(2-CHLOROETHYL)ETHYLAMINO]PROPYLAMINO-2-METHOXYACRIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE Mepacrine hydrochloride CI 46025 acridine,9-amino,hydrochlorid 7,8-BENZOQUINOLINE, S. BENZO/H/QUINOLINE ICR 191 ACRIDINE MUTAGEN DIHYDROCHLORIDE,ICR 191 ACRIDINE MUTAGEN,2-methoxy-6-chloro-9-(3-(2-chloroethyl)aminopropylamino)acridine,dihydroch PROFLAVINE HEMISULFATE DIBENZ(A,J)ACRIDINE (D13) 9-Chloroacridine 5,6-BENZOQUINOLINE SULFATE

Email:[email protected] [email protected]
Copyright © 2024 Mywellwork.com All rights reserved.