Triethyl phosphite

Triethyl phosphite Basic information
Product Name:Triethyl phosphite
Synonyms:TRIETHYLPHOSPHILE;triethyl phosphite94%;Phosphorous acid triethyl;TRIETHYLPHOSPHITE FOR SYNTHESIS;TRIETHYL PHOSPHITE HP;(C2H5O)3P;Ethyl phosphite, (EtO)3P;fosforyntrojetylowy
CAS:122-52-1
MF:C6H15O3P
MW:166.16
EINECS:204-552-5
Product Categories:Phosphite Ligands;Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry;Phosphonate chemicals;Phosphorus Compounds;organophosphorus compound
Mol File:122-52-1.mol
Triethyl phosphite Structure
Triethyl phosphite Chemical Properties
Melting point -112°C
Boiling point 65 °C
density 0.969 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure <6 hPa (20 °C)
refractive index n20/D 1.413(lit.)
Fp 130 °F
storage temp. Flammables area
solubility Chloroform (Slightly), Dichloromethane (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
form liquid
color colorless
Specific Gravity0.969
Odorcharacteristic, obnoxious, phosphiteodor
explosive limit3.75-42.5%(V)
Water Solubility slightly soluble
Sensitive Air & Moisture Sensitive
Hydrolytic Sensitivity7: reacts slowly with moisture/water
BRN 956578
Stability:Air Sensitive, Moisture Sensitive
CAS DataBase Reference122-52-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry ReferencePhosphorous acid, triethyl ester(122-52-1)
EPA Substance Registry SystemTriethyl phosphite (122-52-1)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes Xn
Risk Statements 10-22-36/37/38-20/22
Safety Statements 16-26-36
RIDADR UN 2323 3/PG 3
WGK Germany 1
RTECS TH1130000
10-23
Autoignition Temperature250 °C
TSCA Yes
HS Code 2920 24 00
HazardClass 3
PackingGroup III
Hazardous Substances Data122-52-1(Hazardous Substances Data)
ToxicityLD50 orl-rat: 1840 mg/kg JACTDZ 1,218,92
MSDS Information
ProviderLanguage
Phosphorous acid triethyl ester English
SigmaAldrich English
ALFA English
Triethyl phosphite Usage And Synthesis
Chemical PropertiesTriethyl phosphite is a clear colorless liquid with a strong foul odor. Insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol and ether. Combustible.Vapors heavier than air.
UsesSynthesis, plasticizers, stabilizers, lubricant and grease additives.
UsesTriethyl phosphite is an organophosphorus compound. It is used as a reducing agent; can react with electrophiles to form phosphonates or phosphates; forms a stable complex with copper(I) iodide.
Triethyl phosphite is a very good nucleophile. The carbon adjacent to the bromine is the most electrophilic position, and phosphorus is the only nucleophile. Triethyl phosphite displaces the bromine in an SN2-like process, and back attack by the bromide which is released generates a phosphonate product, in which the α-protons are strongly acidic.
UsesTriethyl phosphite is used as a ligand in organometallic chemistry and as a reagent in organic synthesis. It is used as reference to phosphoric acid standard in 31P NMR spectroscopy. It acts as a reducing agent to prepare 2-phenylindazole from o-nitrobenzylidineaniline as well as reacts with electrophiles to get phosphonates. It forms a stable complex with copper(I) iodide. It finds application in a modified Staudinger reaction for the alkyl bromide to an amine through the azide. Further, it is also used in the preparation of 3-phenyl-2-substituted indoles by reacting with beta-nitro styrenes.
PreparationTriethyl phosphite is produced in a closed system by reaction of phosphorous trichlorid and ethanol in the presence of an inorganic or organic base. The product is purified by distillation (Bayer AG, 2002a).
122-52-1 synthesis
Triethyl phosphite is exclusively used as an intermediate for the manufacturing of different products: flame retardants (about 60 %), optical brighteners (about 15 %), pesticides (about 15 %), antioxidants (about 5 %), and pharmaceuticals (about 5 %).

ReactionsThis reaction is currently used for the preparation of synthetically useful phosphonate reagents employed in modified retinal studies. Thus, diethyl 3-alkoxycarbonyl-2-propenylphosphonates are prepared in 72-91% yields by the reaction of methyl or ethyl 4-bromocrotonates with triethyl phosphite at 150-160°C. Similarly, diethyl 3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2 methyl-2-propenylphosphonate is prepared in 81% yield from triethyl phosphite and ethyl 3-methyl-4-chlorocrotonate by heating at 180- 200°C.The diethyl (E)- and (Z)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-3 fluoro-2 -methyl-2-propenylphosphonates are respectively obtained from triethyl phosphite and (E)- or (Z)-4-bromo-2-fuoro-3-methyl-2-butenoates at 140°C.
Reactivity ProfileTriethyl phosphite is colorless, moderately toxic liquid, combustible. Flammable when exposed to heat or flame. When heated to decomposition Triethyl phosphite emits toxic fumes of oxides of phosphorus [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 1271].
Health HazardExposure to high concentrations may cause headache, nausea, and dizziness due to reduced chlolinesterase activity.
Fire HazardSpecial Hazards of Combustion Products: May form hazardous decomposition products.
Flammability and ExplosibilityFlammable
Safety ProfileModerately toxic by ingestion. A skin and eye irritant. Flammable liquid when exposed to heat, sparks, or flame. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of POx.
Toxicity evaluationThe acute toxicity after oral, dermal, and inhalation exposure is relatively low. The oral LD50s in rats ranged between 1840 mg/kg bw (females) and 2470 mg/kg bw (males). Symptoms of rapid breathing and tremors were observed prior to death. In mice LD50 values above 3700 mg/kg bw were recorded. The 6-hour inhalation LC50 with an aerosol of 1.6-3.5 μm MMAD in rats was between 11,100 mg/m3 (females) and 11,600 mg/m3 (males). Clinical signs included eye and upper respiratory irritation, salivation and rapid, shallow breathing. The dermal LD50 in rabbits was between 2800 mg/kg bw (males) and > 3000 mg/kg bw (females).
Triethyl phosphate Triethyl orthoformate Triphenyl phosphite Trimethyl phosphite Diethyl phosphite Dimethyl phosphite Orthophosphorus acid Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate Tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphate ARSENIC ACID TRIETHYL ESTER Triethylamine Triethyl citrate BUTYL OLEATE TRIBUTYL PHOSPHITE Methyl acrylate Dimethyl succinate Phosphorus Triethyl phosphite

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