PROTAMINE

PROTAMINE Basic information
Product Name:PROTAMINE
Synonyms:protamines;PROTAMINE;protamine free base grade iv;protamine from salmon;HSDB 3251;PROTAMINE USP/EP/BP
CAS:9012-00-4
MF:
MW:0
EINECS:232-726-0
Product Categories:Enzyme Inhibitors;Enzyme Inhibitors by Type;Substrate Analogs
Mol File:Mol File
PROTAMINE Structure
PROTAMINE Chemical Properties
storage temp. -20°C
solubility H2O: clear
Safety Information
WGK Germany 3
RTECS UK9440000
Hazardous Substances Data9012-00-4(Hazardous Substances Data)
MSDS Information
ProviderLanguage
SigmaAldrich English
PROTAMINE Usage And Synthesis
Chemical PropertiesWater soluble, producing basic solu- tions.
UsesProtamine from salmon has been used to avoid in vitro AT complex formation in samples from dogs pre-treated with heparin. It has also been used to study the influences of external potential on adsorption of various proteins to a metal surface.
Definitionprotamine: Any of a group of proteinsof relatively low molecularweight found in association with thechromosomal DNA of vertebratesperm cells. They contain a singlepolypeptide chain comprising about67% arginine. Protamines are thoughtto protect and support the chromosomes.
DefinitionSimplest proteins, without sulfur, molecular weights about ~3000.
General DescriptionProtamines are proteins rich in cysteine and arginine. It possesses many phosphorylation sites. Salmon fish contains around 15 genes encoding protamine. It is found to be localized to the sperm head.
Biochem/physiol ActionsProtamines are found to displace histones in DNA during spermatogenesis in animals and plants. Protamine is useful as a heparin neutralizer during heart surgery, dialysis and in many other clinical procedures.
Mechanism of actionProtamine sulfate has been approved in the United States as a specific antagonist to heparin since 1968. Protamines are an arginine-rich, highly basic group of simple proteins derived from salmon sperm. The highly acidic heparin polysaccharides exhibit their anticoagulant activity through binding to antithrombin III. Because of the basicity of protamine, heparin has an increased affinity for protamine relative to antithrombin III. In fact, its binding affinity for protamine is so much greater than that of antithrombin III that protamine actually will induce dissociation of the heparin/antithrombin III complex. If protamine is administered in the absence of heparin, it can have marked effects on coagulation. Protamine is not completely selective for heparin and, in vivo, also interacts with fibrinogen, platelets, and other plasma proteins causing anticoagulation. For this reason, use of the minimal amount of protamine necessary to antagonize heparin-associated bleeding should be employed (usually 1 mg of protamine intravenously for every 100 U of heparin remaining in the patient).
Side effectsAnaphylaxis also has been associated with the use of protamine. Although development of protamine anaphylaxis is not limited to diabetics, those patients with diabetes that have used protaminecontaining insulin (NPH or protamine zinc) do have a slightly increased risk of anaphylaxis. Some less common reactions to protamine include pulmonary vasoconstriction, hypotension, and thrombus formation.
PROTAMINE Preparation Products And Raw materials
Raw materialsΑ-PROTEIN-->Ribonucleic acid
Preparation ProductsDeoxynucleotide
Aluminum acetylacetonate METHYL ISOCYANOACETATE TRIS(2,2,6,6-TETRAMETHYL-3,5-HEPTANEDIONATO)EUROPIUM(III) N-BUTYLISOCYANIDE PHENYLSELENOL Tris(2,4-pentanedionato)chroMiuM(III) DICHLORO(ETHYLENEDIAMINE)PLATINUM(II) SALCOMINE 2,4-PENTANEDIONE, SILVER DERIVATIVE 1,1,3,3-TETRAMETHYLBUTYL ISOCYANIDE Tosylmethyl isocyanide COBALT(II) ACETYLACETONATE Cupric acetylacetonate Ethyl isocyanoacetate Ferric acetylacetonate COBALT ETHYLENE DIAMINE CHLORIDE Benzyl isocyanide TRIS(2,2,6,6-TETRAMETHYL-3,5-HEPTANEDIONATO)DYSPROSIUM(III)

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