D-Glucuronic acid

D-Glucuronic acid Basic information
Product Name:D-Glucuronic acid
Synonyms:GLUCURONIC ACID;D-GLCA;D-GLUCURONIC ACID;Glycuronic acid;Glucosiduronic Acid;Glucuronic Aci;(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid;D-GLUCURONIC ACID FREE ACID F & D &
CAS:6556-12-3
MF:C6H10O7
MW:194.14
EINECS:229-486-4
Product Categories:13C & 2H Sugars;Biochemistry;Glucose;Sugars;Carbohydrates & Derivatives;Carbohydrate LibraryEnzyme Inhibitors by Enzyme;Glucuronidase, betaGlycobiology;InhibitorsAnalytical Enzymes;D to;Inhibitors and Substrates;Metabolic Libraries;Metabolomics;Related Products;β-Glucuronidase;Elisa Kit-plant ELISA Kit
Mol File:6556-12-3.mol
D-Glucuronic acid Structure
D-Glucuronic acid Chemical Properties
Melting point 159-161 °C (lit.)
Boiling point 250.56°C (rough estimate)
alpha [α]D20 +35.0~+39.0゜(c=6,H2O)
density 1.4301 (rough estimate)
refractive index 36 ° (C=6, H2O)
storage temp. -20°C
solubility H2O: soluble100mg/mL, clear to slightly hazy
pkapKa 3.18(H2O t=20.0) (Uncertain)
form Crystalline Powder
color White to off-white
Water Solubility Soluble in water.
Merck 14,4465
BRN 1727083
Stability:Hygroscopic
InChIKeyLCUVNMXNGSEBHT-RJOKPDHXSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference6556-12-3(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry SystemD-Glucuronic acid (6556-12-3)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes Xi
Risk Statements 36/37/38
Safety Statements 37/39-26-36
WGK Germany 3
RTECS LZ8836600
TSCA Yes
HS Code 2932 99 00
MSDS Information
ProviderLanguage
ACROS English
SigmaAldrich English
ALFA English
D-Glucuronic acid Usage And Synthesis
DescriptionGlucuronic acid (from Ancient Greek γλυκ?? "sweet" + ο?ρον "urine") is a carboxylic acid. Its structure is similar to that of glucose. However, glucuronic acid's sixth carbon is oxidized to a carboxylic acid. Its formula is C6H10O7. The salts and esters of glucuronic acid are known as glucuronates; the anion C6H9O7-is the glucuronate ion.
Chemical PropertiesWhite Solid
Uses
  1. D-Glucuronic acid is widely distributed in the plant and animal kingdoms. D-Glucuronic acid usually occurs in "paired" form as a glycosidic combination with phenols, alcohols. Such glucuronides form in the liver to detoxify poisonous hydroxyl-containing substances. The glucuronides present in normal urine are those of phenol, cresol, and indoxyl. After the ingestion of poisons such as morphine, chloral hydrate, camphor, or turpentine, glucuronides formed with the poison or its hydroxylated derivatives appear in the urine.
  2. Chiral D-Glucuronic acid is a basic building block of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate. It is a precursor to vitamin C, the chief detoxifying agent in plants and animals.
  3. D-Glucuronic Acid is a sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.
UsesD-glucuronic acid and D-galacturonic acid are naturally occurring hexuronic acids present in glycosaminoglucans, glucuronide conjugates in mammals and in plant cell wall polysaccharides.
D-Glucuronic acid exists as a component of glycosaminoglucans such as hyaluronan, heparin and chondroitin sulphate present in mammalian connective tissue such as cartilage. In the synthesis of glucuronide conjugates in mammals glucuronic acid is conjugated to xenobiotic compounds, a biosynthesis reaction known as glucuronidation, catalysed by the enzyme UDP-glucuronyltransferase and considered a detoxifying process.
Both D-glucuronic acid and D-galacturonic acid are major components of plant cell wall polysaccharides. D-glucuronic acid is a component of arabinoxylan, which consists of a β-(1,4)-linked xylan backbone substituted with α-(1-2/3)-linked L-arabinofuranose and α-(1-2)- linked 4-O-methylglucuronic acid. D-Galacturonic acid is the major component of pectin comprising the α-(1,4)-linked galacturonan backbone of homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan II, and is present within the repeating disaccharide unit [,4)-α-D-GalpA-(1,2)-α- L-Rhap-(1,] of rhamnogalacturonan I.

UsesD-Glucuronic acid is used as pharmaceutical intermediate and in chemical research.
DefinitionChEBI: A D-glucopyranuronic acid in which the anomeric centre has alpha-configuration.
Definitionglucuronic acid: A compound,OC6H9O6, derived from the oxidationof glucose. It is an important constituentof gums and mucilages. Glucuronicacid can combine withhydroxyl (–OH), carboxyl (–COOH), oramino (-NH2) groups to form a glucuronide.The addition of a glucuronidegroup to a molecule(glucuronidation) generally increasesthe solubility of a compound; henceglucuronidation plays an importantrole in the excretion of foreign substances.
Biological FunctionsProteoglycans Glucuronic acid is common in carbohydrate chains of proteoglycans. It is part of mucous animal secretions (such as saliva), cell glycocalyx and intercellular matrix (for instance hyaluronan))
Glucuronidation of toxic substances
In the animal body, glucuronic acid is often linked to the xenobiotic metabolism of substances such as drugs, pollutants, bilirubin, androgens, estrogens, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, fatty acid derivatives, retinoids, and bile acids. These linkages involve glycosidic bonds, and this linkage process is known as glucuronidation. Glucuronidation occurs mainly in the liver, although the enzyme responsible for its catalysis, UDP-glucuronyltransferase, has been found in all major body organs, e.g., intestine, kidneys, brain, adrenal gland, spleen, and thymus.
Use
Determination of urinary steroids and of steroid conjugates in blood. Contained in some commercially available brands of Kombucha as an antioxidant & organic acid In all plants and mammals - other than guinea pigs and primatesglucuronic acid is a precursor of ascorbic acid , also known as vitamin c.
ConformationUnlike its C5 epimer iduronic acid, which may occur in a number of conformations, glucuronic acid occurs in predominantly the 4C1 conformation.
Glucuronidases
Glucuronidases are those enzymes that hydrolyze the glycosidic bond between glucuronic acid and some other compound.





General DescriptionPharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards
Biochem/physiol ActionsIn humans, glucuronic acid conjugation with steroidal compounds and drugs is an important step in phase II metabolic reactions. This influences the biotransformation process of the compound.
Purification MethodsCrystallise the acid from EtOH or EtOAc, wash it with MeOH and dry it in vacuo to give the “ ” form. Heating converts it to the lactone (see below). The sodium salt monohydrate [207300-70-7] M 234.1 has m ~136-138o(dec) [] D 20 +21o (c 2, H2O after 2hours). [Sutter & Reichstein Helv Chim Acta 21 1210 1938, Beilstein 3 H 886, 3 IV 1997.]
D-Glucuronic acid Preparation Products And Raw materials
Preparation ProductsMonoglucuronyl glycyrrehetic acid-->D-Glucurone-->Potassium bisaccharate-->Glycolic acid
1-O-(4-(1-(4-benzoylphenyl)-3-(3-hydroxy-3-(4-tributylstannylphenyl)propyl)-2-oxo-4-azetidinyl)phenyl)glucuronic acid 3-O-(1-carboxyethyl)glucuronic acid,3-O-(1-carboxyethyl)glucuronic acid PHENOLPHTHALEIN GLUCURONIC ACID UDP GLUCURONIC ACID [GLUCURONYL-14C(U)],UDP GLUCURONIC ACID [GLUCURONYL-14C(U)] D(+)Glucuronic Acid g-Lactone (1.00282),D(+)Glucuronic Acid g-Lactone (1.00282) Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid,Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid L-Glucurono-3,6-lactone UREA-D-GLUCURONIC ACID,UREA-D-GLUCURONIC ACID D-Glucuronic acid sodium salt 4-O-(1-carboxyethyl)glucuronic acid,4-O-(1-carboxyethyl)glucuronic acid 1,2,3,4-TETRA-O-ACETYL-A,BETA-D-GLUCURONIC ACID, METHYL ESTER,1,2,3,4-TETRA-O-ACETYL-A,BETA-D-GLUCURONIC ACID, METHYL ESTER 6-BROMO-2-NAPHTHYL-BETA-D-GLUCURONIC ACID,6-BROMO-2-NAPHTHYL-BETA-D-GLUCURONIC ACID URIDINE-5'-DIPHOSPHO-GLUCURONIC ACID, TRISODIUM SALT 98-100%,URIDINE-5'-DIPHOSPHO-GLUCURONIC ACID, TRISODIUM SALT 98-100% ceramide-beta-glucuronic acid,ceramide-beta-glucuronic acid 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-b-D-glucuronic Acid, Sodium Salt,5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-b-D-glucuronic Acid, Sodium Salt 1-O-(4-(1-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-yl)-3-(3-hydroxy-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propyl)-2-oxo-4-azetidinyl)phenyl)glucuronic acid ACETOBROMO-ALPHA-D-GLUCURONIC ACID METHYL ESTER Indoxyl-b-D-glucuronic Acid, CHA Salt,Indoxyl-b-D-glucuronic Acid, CHA Salt

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