Naled

Naled Basic information
Product Name:Naled
Synonyms:DIBROM;DIBROM (NALED);BROMEX;BROMCHLOPHOS;BRP;1,2-DIBROMO-2,2-DICHLOROETHYL DIMETHYL-PHOSPHATE;RE-4355;O,O'-DIMETHYL-1,2-DIBROMO-2,2-DICHLOROETHYL PHOSPHATE
CAS:300-76-5
MF:C4H7Br2Cl2O4P
MW:380.78
EINECS:206-098-3
Product Categories:Aliphatics;Phosphorylating and Phosphitylating Agents
Mol File:300-76-5.mol
Naled Structure
Naled Chemical Properties
Melting point 212℃ (decomposition)
Boiling point 110℃ (0.5 Torr)
density 1.96 g/cm3
vapor pressure 2 (quoted, Verschueren, 1983)
refractive index 1.5108 (28℃)
storage temp. 0-6°C
solubility Freely soluble in ketone, alcohols, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons but sparingly soluble in petroleum solvents and mineral oils (Windholz et al., 1983)
Water Solubility 2000mg l-1(20 °C)
form solid
Specific Gravity1.96 (20℃)
Merck 13,6384
BRN 2049930
Exposure limitsNIOSH REL: TWA 3 mg/m3, IDLH 200 mg/m3; OSHA PEL: TWA 3 mg/m3; ACGIH TLV: TWA 3 mg/m3.
Stability:Light Sensitive, Moisture Sensitive
EPA Substance Registry SystemNaled (300-76-5)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes Xn,N,T
Risk Statements 21/22-36/38-50-25-21
Safety Statements 36/37-61-26
RIDADR 3018
WGK Germany 3
RTECS TB9450000
HazardClass 6.1(a)
PackingGroup I
HS Code 29199000
Hazardous Substances Data300-76-5(Hazardous Substances Data)
ToxicityLD50 in male rats (mg/kg): 250 orally; 800 dermally (Gaines)
IDLA200 mg/m3
MSDS Information
Naled Usage And Synthesis
DescriptionSensitization to Naled seems to be rare.
DescriptionNaled is an organophosphate insecticide and acaricide that inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). It reduces the number of A. sollicitans mosquitos by 97% after one hour when aerially applied at a concentration of 0.1 pounds per acre. Naled (125 ppm AI) induces 100 and 64% mortality of T. telarius adults and immature mites, respectively, in an immediate contact toxicity test but does not induce mortality in mite eggs. It is toxic to rats with an LD50 value of 250 mg/kg. Formulations containing naled have been used in the control of mosquitoes in public areas and of crop-damaging insects in agriculture.
Chemical PropertiesClear Colorless Liquid
Chemical PropertiesNaled is a white crystalline solid (when pure) or light straw-colored liquid (above 26.7℃) with a slightly pungent insecticide odor.
Physical propertiesColorless to pale yellow liquid or solid with a pungent odor
UsesNaled is used to control mites, sucking pests and some other insects in a wide variety of crops. It is also used for the control of public and animal health pests including mosquitoes.
UsesInsecticide used for control of spider mites, sucking and chewing insects in fruits, vegetables and ornamentals. Its use may be restricted.
UsesA cholinesterase inhibitor. Insecticide; acaricide.
UsesInsecticide; acaricide.
DefinitionChEBI: An dialkyl phosphate resulting from the formal condensation of the acidic hydroxy group of dimethyl hydrogen phosphate with the alcoholic hydroxy group of 1,2-dibromo-2,2-dichloroethanol. An organophosphate insecticide, it is no longer approved for use wit in the European Union.
General DescriptionDIBROM is a white solid that may be dissolved in a liquid organic carrier with a pungent odor. DIBROM is a water emulsifiable liquid. DIBROM is insoluble in water and sinks in water. DIBROM can cause illness by inhalation, skin absorption and/or ingestion. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. If DIBROM is in liquid form, DIBROM can easily penetrate the soil and contaminate groundwater and nearby streams. DIBROM is used as a pesticide.
Air & Water ReactionsPractically insoluble in water [Farm Chemicals Handbook]. Hydrolyzed slowly in presence of water.
Reactivity ProfileDIBROM is incompatible with the following: Strong oxidizers, acids, sunlight, water [Note: Corrosive to metals. Hydrolyzed in presence of water.] . Unstable in presence of Iron [USCG, 1999]. Organophosphates are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.
HazardTechnical compound is a moderately volatile liquid. Bp 110C (0.5 mm Hg). Insoluble in water; slightly soluble in aliphatic solvents; very soluble in aromatic solvents; hydrolyzes in water.
Health HazardINHALATION OR INGESTION: Symptoms secondary to cholinesterase inhibition are: headache, giddiness, nervousness, blurred vision, weakness, nausea, cramps, diarrhea, chest discomfort, sweating, miosis, tearing, salivation, and other excessive respiratory tract secretion, vomiting, cyanosis, muscle twitching, and convulsions. EYES: Irritating. SKIN: Irritating-can cause dermatitis.
Fire HazardMay be combustible. (NOAA, 2007)
Agricultural UsesInsecticide, Fungicide, Bactericide, Acaricide: Naled is a fast-acting, nonsystemic contact and stomach insecticide used to control aphids, mites, mosquitoes,and flies on crops and in greenhouses, mushroom houses, animal and poultry houses, kennels, food-processing plants, and aquaria and in outdoor mosquito control. Liquid formulations can be applied to greenhouse heating pipes to kill insects by vapor action. It has been used by veterinarians to kill parasitic worms (other than tapeworms) in dogs. Naled may no longer be used in and around the home by residents or professional applicators. Naled is available in dust, emulsion concentrate, liquid, and ULV formulations. Also used in cooling towers, veterinary medicine, pulp and paper mill systems, hospitals, swimming pools, and bathrooms. A U.S. EPA restricted Use Pesticide (RUP). Not approved for use in EU countries. Registered for use in the U.S.
Trade nameAI3-24988®; ARTHODIBROM®; BROMCHLOPHOS®; BROMEX®; DIBROM®; FLYKILLER®; LUCANAL®; HIBROM®; ORTHO® 4355; ORTHODIBROM®; ORTHODIBROMO®; PROKIL® Naled; TRUMPET®
Contact allergensNaled is an organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and acaricide. Sensitization seems to be very rare.
Potential ExposureA potential danger to those involved in the manufacture, formulation, and application of this insecticide, fungicide, bactericide, acaricide. Also used in cooling towers, veterinary medicine, pulp and paper mill systems; hospitals, swimming pools; and bathrooms.
CarcinogenicityWhen dogs were given 0.2, 2.0, or 20 mg/kg/day naled by gavage for 1 year, cholinergic signs (soft stools/diarrhea, salivation, and emesis), increases in mineralization of spinal cord, and mild testicular degeneration in males occurred at 2 and 20 mg/kg/day dose levels . Erythrocyte and brain cholinesterase activities were depressed at the same dose levels. Anemia also occurred at 2 and 20 mg/kg/day, and erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were reduced. At 20 mg/kg/ day dose level, liver and kidney weights increased but these were not accompanied by histopathological changes. There was no evidence of carcinogenicity.
Environmental FateChemical/Physical. Completely hydrolyzed in water within 2 days (Windholz et al., 1983). In the presence of metals or reducing agents, naled loses bromine, forming dichlorvos (Hartley and Kidd, 1987)
Naled emits toxic fumes of bromines, chlorides and phosphorus oxides when heated to decomposition (Lewis, 1990).
Metabolic pathwayNaled is produced by the photochemical bromination of the dichlorovinyl moiety of dichlorvos. The main route of naled metabolism and transformation in the environment is through debromination to dichlorvos which is probably the active cholinesterase inhibitor in vivo. Naled is also rapidly hydrolysed to bromodichloroacetaldehyde in aqueous environments: consequently much of its detoxification is likely to be via a nonenzymatic hydrolytic route.
Solubility in waterFreely soluble in ketone, alcohols, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons but sparingly soluble in petroleum solvents and mineral oils (Windholz et al., 1983)
ShippingUN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required. UN2783 Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials. UN3018 Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
DegradationNaled is stable when dry but it is rapidly hydrolysed in aqueous media and more rapidly in alkaline and acidic media. It is degraded by sunlight. In the presence of metals and reducing agents, bromine is lost and dichlorvos (2) is formed (PM). In unbuffered aqueous solution naled was rapidly hydrolysed via two routes, one leading to the formation of dimethyl phosphate (3) and bromodichloroacetaldehyde (4) and the second via desmethyhaled (5), which further decomposed to yield bromodichloroacetaldehyde (4) and monomethyl phosphate (6) as shown in Scheme 1. Naled was found to be much less hydrolytically stable than dichlorvos and exhibited a maximum stability at pH 4 (Jentzen and Fischer, 1978).
IncompatibilitiesIncompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Hydrolyzed in presence of water. Degraded by sunlight. Decomposes when heated; on contact with acids, acid fumes; bases, producing fumes of hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, phosphorous oxides. Reacts with acids, strong oxidizers in sunlight. Slowly reacts with water; hydrolysis is; corrosive to metals. Attacks some plastics, rubber and coatings.
Waste DisposalThis pesticide is more stable to hydrolysis than dichlorvos (50% hydrolysis at pH 9 @ 37.5℃ in 301 minutes). It is unstable in alkaline conditions, in presence of iron; and is degraded by sunlight. About 10% hydrolysis per day is obtained in ambient water. Incineration is recommended for large amounts. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.
Naled Preparation Products And Raw materials
Raw materialsBenzoyl peroxide-->Dichlorvos
3,4-DIBROMOHEXANE DIBROM SOLUTION 100UG/ML IN TOLUENE 5ML 1-Bromo-2-chloroethane 1-BROMO-1-CHLOROETHANE BROMODICHLOROMETHANE (S)-(+)-6,6'-DIBROM-2,2'-DIHYDROXY-1,1'-BINAPHTHYL 1,6-dibrom-1,6-didesoxy-d-manni DIBROM SOLUTION 100UG/ML IN TOLUENE 1ML 3,5-dibrom0-4-hydroxyacetophenone Bromchlophos+β-Cypermethrin,E.C. disodium2,7-dibrom-4-hydroxy-mercuri-fluorescei AMMONIUM, (p-PHENYLENEDIMETHYLENE)BIS(DIETHYL(2-HYDROXYETHYL)-, DIBROM IDE Dibrom-d6 1,2-DIBROMO-1-CHLOROETHANE ALPHA,ALPHA'-DIBROM-P-XYLOL Bromochloromethane 1,2-DIBROMO-1,1-DICHLOROETHANE Naled

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