Lithium borohydride

Lithium borohydride Basic information
Physical Properties Uses Preparation Reactions
Product Name:Lithium borohydride
Synonyms:Lithium boron tetrahydride;Lithium borohydride, 4M (10 wt.%) solution in THF, AcroSeal;LithiuM borohydride, 95% 10GR;LithiuM borohydride, 95% 50GR;LithiuM borohydride, 2.0 M solution in THF;LithiuM borohydride solution 3M in THF;LithiuM borohydrid;LithiuM borohydride >=90%
CAS:16949-15-8
MF:BH4Li
MW:21.78
EINECS:241-021-7
Product Categories:metal hydrides;B (Classes of Boron Compounds);Classes of Metal Compounds;Li (Lithium) Compounds;Reduction;Synthetic Organic Chemistry;Tetrahydroborates;Typical Metal Compounds;Borohydrides;BorohydridesAlternative Energy;Boron Hydrides;Materials for Hydrogen Storage;Synthetic Reagents;Halogenated Heterocycles ,Heterocyclic Acids,Thiophenes
Mol File:16949-15-8.mol
Lithium borohydride Structure
Lithium borohydride Chemical Properties
Melting point 280 °C
Boiling point 66°C/760mmHg
density 0.896 g/mL at 25 °C
Fp −1 °F
storage temp. water-free area
solubility Soluble in ether, THF, and aliphatic aminesSoluble in ether, tetrahydrofuran, aliphatic amines and ethanol.
form Powder
Specific Gravity0.66
color White
explosive limit4.00-75.60%(V)
Water Solubility soluble H2O above pH 7, ether, tetrahydrofuran, aliphatic amines [MER06]
Sensitive Air & Moisture Sensitive
Merck 14,5525
CAS DataBase Reference16949-15-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry ReferenceLithium tetrahydroborate(16949-15-8)
EPA Substance Registry SystemBorate(1-), tetrahydro-, lithium (16949-15-8)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes F,T,C,Xn,F+
Risk Statements 14/15-23/24/25-34-20/21/22-11-40-36/37/38-19-67-66-22-12
Safety Statements 26-36/37/39-43-45-36/37-16
RIDADR UN 3399 4.3/PG 1
WGK Germany 2
RTECS ED2725000
10-21
TSCA Yes
HS Code 2850 00 20
HazardClass 4.3
PackingGroup I
MSDS Information
ProviderLanguage
ACROS English
SigmaAldrich English
ALFA English
Lithium borohydride Usage And Synthesis
Physical PropertiesWhite orthorhombic crystals; density 0.67 g/cm3; decomposes in moist air; melts at 268°C; decomposes at 380°C; reacts with water; dissolves in ether, tetrahydrofuran, and diethylamine; solubility in ether, 25g/L at 25°C.
UsesLithium borohydride is used as a strong reducing agent. Its principal applications are in organic syntheses for reducing carbonyl groups such as aldehydes, ketones, and esters. It also is used for selectively reducing a carbonyl group in the presence of a nitrile group. Such selective reduction cannot be achieved with lithium aluminum hydride, which is a much stronger reducing agent. The compound also is used to detect free carbonyl groups in proteins and peptides.
PreparationLithium borohydride is prepared by reacting ethyllithium with aluminum borohydride:
C2H5Li + Al(BH4)3→3LiBH4 + Al(C2H5)3
Alternatively, the compound may be obtained by the reaction of ethyllithium with diborane:
C2H5Li + B2H6→LiBH4 + C2H5BH2
ReactionsLithium borohydride reacts with water with liberation of hydrogen:
LiBH4 + 2H2O → LiBO2 + 4H2
Reaction with methanol yields lithium boromethoxide and hydrogen:
LiBH4 + 2CH3OH → LiB(OCH3)2 + 3H2
Reaction with hydrogen chloride yields diborane, lithium chloride and hydrogen:
2LiBH4 + 2HCl → 2LiCl + B2H6 + 2H2
Reactions with oxidizing agents are violent.
Chemical PropertiesWHITE POWDER
Physical propertiesWhite orthorhombic crystals; density 0.67 g/cm3; decomposes in moist air; melts at 268°C; decomposes at 380°C; reacts with water; dissolves in ether, tetrahydrofuran, and diethylamine; solubility in ether, 25g/L at 25°C.
UsesLithium borohydride (LiBH4) is a complex hydride with a high hydrogen density. It is a strong reducing agent and an electrode material. It has a high gravimetric (18.4 wt%) and volumetric (121 kg/m3) hydrogen storage capacities. It can also be used in lithium-ion batteries.
UsesStrong reducing agent. Used in the reduction of Compounds contg ketonic, aldehydic, or ester carbonyls and a nitrile group, where reduction of the carbonyl, but not of the nitrile group, is wanted. In the determination of free carboxyl groups in peptides and proteins; after esterification and acetylation, only the ester groups, and none of the peptide bonds are reduced.
UsesStrong reducing agent. Used to reduce compounds containing ketones, aldehydes, ester carbonyls, acid chlorides, lactones, and epoxidesLithium borohydride is a versatile reducing agent for aldehydes, ketones, nitriles, primary amides, acid chlorides, lactones, epoxides, and esters. It is involved in the preparation of intercalation compounds and nanocomposites. It is used as a precursor for other borohydrides and acts as a catalyst in hydroboration reactions. It is known to be good reversible storage compound for anhydrous ammonia and hydrogen.
General DescriptionA white to grayish crystalline powder.
Air & Water ReactionsLikely to ignite when moistened with water [Lab. Gov. Chemist 1965].
Reactivity ProfileLithium borohydride is a strong reducing agent. Is easily ignited and burns vigorously once ignited. Reacts on contact with water or acids to form hydrogen gas and corrosive products. Reaction with limited amounts of water or moisture may cause ignition after a delay [Gaylord, 1965, p. 22].
Health HazardInhalation or contact with vapors, substance or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. May produce corrosive solutions on contact with water. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.
Fire HazardProduce flammable gases on contact with water. May ignite on contact with water or moist air. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. Some are transported in highly flammable liquids. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
Safety ProfilePoison by ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. Flammable; can liberate H2. Incompatible with H20 as moisture on fibers of cellulose or as liquid. See also LITHIUM, BORON COMPOUNDS, and HYDRIDES.
Purification MethodsIt is crystallised from Et2O, and pumped free of ether at 90-100o during 2hours [Schaeffer et al. J Am Chem Soc 78 729 1956]. Store it dry as it decomposes slowly in moist air. [Becher in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 775 1963.]
Potassium borohydride Lithium triisobutylhydroborate LITHIUM TETRA(2-METHYL-8-HYDROXYQUINOLINATO)BORON LITHIUM TRISIAMYLBOROHYDRIDE LITHIUM B-ISOPINOCAMPHEYL-9-BORABICYCLO[3.3.1]NONYL HYDRIDE LITHIUM BOROHYDRIDE, [3H] LITHIUM (DIMETHYLAMINO)TRIHYDROBORATE LITHIUM TETRA(8-HYDROXYQUINOLINATO)BORON LITHIUM HYDRIDO(9-BBN-NOPOL BENZYL ETHER ADDUCT) LITHIUM 9-BBN HYDRIDE LITHIUM BORODEUTERIDE LITHIUM TETRAKIS(PENTAFLUOROPHENYL)BORATE-ETHYL ETHER COMPLEX Lithium borohydride-d4 Lithium tetrafluoroborate Lithium bis(oxalate)borate LITHIUM TETRAKIS(PENTAFLUOROPHENYL)BORATE-ETHYL ETHER COMPLEX LITHIUM TRIETHYLBOROHYDRIDE, [3H] LITHIUM B-ISOPINOCAMPHEYL-9-BORABICYCLO[3.3.1]NONYL HYDRIDE

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