3-Nitroaniline

3-Nitroaniline Chemical Properties
Melting point 111-114 °C (lit.)
Boiling point 306 °C
density 0,901 g/cm3
vapor pressure 1 mm Hg ( 119 °C)
refractive index 1.6396 (estimate)
Fp 196 °C
storage temp. Store below +30°C.
solubility 1.25g/l
pka2.466(at 25℃)
Colour Index 37030
form Crystals, Crystalline Powder and/or Chunks
Specific Gravity0.901
color Yellow to ochre-yellow to orange
Water Solubility 1.25 g/L
Merck 14,6581
BRN 636962
Henry's Law Constant1.93 x 10-5 atm?m3/mol at 25 °C (approximate - calculated from water solubility and vapor pressure)
CAS DataBase Reference99-09-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Referencem-Nitroaniline(99-09-2)
EPA Substance Registry Systemm-Nitroaniline (99-09-2)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes T
Risk Statements 23/24/25-33-52/53
Safety Statements 28-36/37-45-61-28A
RIDADR UN 1661 6.1/PG 2
WGK Germany 2
RTECS BY6825000
8
Autoignition Temperature521℃
TSCA Yes
HazardClass 6.1
PackingGroup II
HS Code 29214210
Hazardous Substances Data99-09-2(Hazardous Substances Data)
ToxicityAcute LD50 for guinea pigs 450 mg/kg, mice 308 mg/kg, quail 562 mg/kg, rats 535 mg/kg (quoted, RTECS, 1985).
MSDS Information
ProviderLanguage
3-Nitrophenylamine English
SigmaAldrich English
ACROS English
ALFA English
3-Nitroaniline Usage And Synthesis
Chemical Properties3-Nitroaniline is a ochre-yellow to orange crystalline powder, crystallizes as yellow needles from water. It is moderately soluble in organic solvents and sparingly soluble in water (0.11 %).
Physical propertiesYellow, rhombic crystals or powder. Finely dispersered particles form explosive mixtures. Combustible.
UsesDyestuff intermediate. Acetylation of 3-nitroaniline followed by reduction gives 3-aminoacetanilide. Diazotization, followed by reduction of the diazosulfonate with ammonium bisulfite and subsequent hydrolysis, gives (3-nitrophenyl) hydrazine; an intermediate in the production of pyrazolone azo coupling components. 3-Nitroaniline is used as a diazo component (Fast Orange R Base) in azo dyes (e.g., C.I. Disperse Yellow 5 and C.I. Acid Orange 18).
Uses3-Nitroaniline is commonly used as a raw material for dyes. It is also used as a chemical intermediate for azo coupling component 17 and the dyes disperse yellow 5 and acid blue 29. The chemical is changed to other substances (dyestuffs and m-nitrophenol) during the dyeing process.
PreparationM-nitroaniline partial reduction.
Synthesis Reference(s)The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 45, p. 4992, 1980 DOI: 10.1021/jo01312a039
Tetrahedron Letters, 30, p. 251, 1989 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)95173-6
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 34, p. 2013, 1986 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.34.2013
General DescriptionYellow needles or yellow powder.
Air & Water ReactionsInsoluble in water.
Reactivity ProfileThermal stability of 3-Nitroaniline is reduced by various impurities. 3-Nitroaniline may be sensitive to prolonged exposure to light. 3-Nitroaniline may react explosively with ethylene oxide at 266° F. 3-Nitroaniline is incompatible with acids (nitric, sulfuric), acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, chloroformates and strong oxidizing agents. . Unstable when heated.
HazardModerate fire risk. Toxic when absorbed by skin.
Fire HazardFlash point data for 3-Nitroaniline are not available; however, 3-Nitroaniline is probably combustible.
Synthesis1,3-Dinitrobenzene is added towarmwater containing magnesium sulfate. An aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen sulfide (6molar equivalents) is added gradually to the vigorously stirred emulsion, and reduction is completed by heating to 90℃. The 3-nitroaniline produced solidifies on cooling and is separated by filtration.
Environmental fateBiological. A bacterial culture isolated from the Oconee River in North Georgia degraded 3- nitroaniline to the intermediate 4-nitrocatechol (Paris and Wolfe, 1987). A Pseudomonas sp. strain P6, isolated from a Matapeake silt loam, did not grow on 3-nitroaniline as the sole source of carbon. However, in the presence of 4-nitroaniline, all of the applied 3-nitroaniline metabolized completely to carbon dioxide (Zeyer and Kearney, 1983). In the presence of suspended natural populations from unpolluted aquatic systems, the second-order microbial transformation rate constant determined in the laboratory was reported to be 4.6 ± 0.1 x 10-13 L/organism?h (Steen, 1991).
In activated sludge inoculum, following a 20-d adaptation period, no degradation was observed (Pitter, 1976).
Chemical/Physical. Reacts with acids forming water soluble salts.

Purification MethodsPurify it as for o-nitroaniline. Warning: it is absorbed through the skin. [Beilstein 12 IV 1589.]
Nitroaniline 4-NITROANILINE-2-SULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT 4-CHLORO-5-MORPHOLINO-2-NITROANILINE 4-BROMO-3-FLUORO-2-NITROANILINE 1-(2',4',6'-Trichlorophenyl)-3-(2'-chloro-5'-nitroanilino)-5-pyrazolone ACID ORANGE 74 4-NITROANILINE [14C(U)],4-NITROANILINE-UL-14C 9-DICYANOMETHYLENE-2,4,7-TRINITROFLUORENE 4-BROMO-2-FLUORO-5-NITROANILINE 2,4,5,7-TETRANITRO-9-FLUORENONE 4-METHOXY-2-NITROANILINE 4-BROMO-2-FLUORO-6-NITROANILINE 4-CHLORO-2-FLUORO-5-NITROANILINE 4-(MORPHOLIN-4-YL)-3-NITROANILINE,4-MORPHOLINYL-3-NITROANILINE 4-NITROANILINE-2-SULFONIC ACID AMMONIUM SALT 2-Nitro-N-hydroxyethyl aniline L-Glutamic acid 5-(3-carboxy-4-nitroanilide)ammonium salt 2,4,7-TRINITRO-9-FLUORENONE

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