| Brand Name(s) in US | Cloxapen, Orbenin, Tegopen
|
| Chemical Properties | White or almost white, hygroscopic, crystalline powder. |
| Uses | Penicillin antibacterial. |
| Uses | Targets primarily Gram-positive bacteria, especially -lactamase producing Staphylococci |
| Definition | ChEBI: Cloxacillin sodium monohydrate is an organic sodium salt and a hydrate. It contains a cloxacillin sodium. |
| Brand name | Cloxapen (GlaxoSmithKline); Tegopen
(Apothecon). |
| Contact allergens | Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic penicillin close to oxacillin.
It induced contact dermatitis in a pharmaceutical
factory worker with positive reactions to ampicillin,
but not to penicillin. In cutaneous drug reactions such
as acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis due to
amoxicillin, cross-reactivity is frequent to cloxacillin
(personal observations). |
| Clinical Use | The chlorine atom ortho to the position of attachment of thephenyl ring to the isoxazole ring enhances the activity ofcloxacillin sodium, [3-(o-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl]penicillin sodium monohydrate (Tegopen), over that ofoxacillin, not by increasing its intrinsic antibacterial activitybut by enhancing its oral absorption, leading to higher plasmalevels. In almost all other respects, it resembles oxacillin. |
| Safety Profile | Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and intravenous routes. Mildly toxic by ingestion. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of Cl-, NOx, Na2O, and SOx. |
| Veterinary Drugs and Treatments | Cloxacillin is used via intramammary infusion in dry and lactating
dairy cattle. |
