p-Toluidine

p-Toluidine Basic information
Product Name:p-Toluidine
Synonyms:P-TOLUIDINE;Benzenamine,4-methyl-;benzenamine,-methyl-;benzeneamine,4-methyl-;benzeneamine,-methyl-;c.i. Azoic coupling component 107;c.i.37107;c.i.azoiccouplingcomponent107
CAS:106-49-0
MF:C7H9N
MW:107.15
EINECS:203-403-1
Product Categories:Azo dye;API intermediates;Intermediates of Dyes and Pigments;Anilines (Building Blocks for Liquid Crystals);Building Blocks for Liquid Crystals;Functional Materials;Intermediates;Amines;Aromatics;Miscellaneous Reagents;amine;Furans;K00001
Mol File:106-49-0.mol
p-Toluidine Structure
p-Toluidine Chemical Properties
Melting point 41-46 °C(lit.)
Boiling point 200 °C(lit.)
density 0.973 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density 3.9 (vs air)
vapor pressure 0.26 mm Hg ( 25 °C)
refractive index 1.5636
Fp 192 °F
storage temp. Store below +30°C.
solubility Soluble in ethanol, pyridine, diethyl ether, acetone, carbon tetrachloride, methanol, carbon disulfide, oils and dilute acids.
form powder
pka5.08(at 25℃)
color tan to brown
Specific Gravity0.962
explosive limit6.6%
Water Solubility 1.1 g/100 mL
Sensitive Air & Light Sensitive
Merck 14,9536
BRN 471281
Exposure limitsTLV-TWA skin 2 ppm (~9 mg/m3) (ACGIH); Suspected Human Carcinogen (ACGIH).
Stability:Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids.
LogP1.39-1.44 at pH7.4-7.5
CAS DataBase Reference106-49-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Referencep-Toluidine(106-49-0)
EPA Substance Registry Systemp-Toluidine (106-49-0)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes T,N
Risk Statements 23/24/25-36-40-43-50
Safety Statements 28-36/37-45-61-28A
RIDADR UN 3451 6.1/PG 2
WGK Germany 2
RTECS XU3150000
8-23
Autoignition Temperature899 °F
TSCA Yes
HazardClass 6.1
PackingGroup II
HS Code 38220000
Hazardous Substances Data106-49-0(Hazardous Substances Data)
ToxicityLD50 orally in Rabbit: 336 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit 890 mg/kg
MSDS Information
ProviderLanguage
4-Methylaniline English
SigmaAldrich English
ACROS English
ALFA English
p-Toluidine Usage And Synthesis
Chemical PropertiesWhite lustrous plates or leaflets. Soluble in alcohol and ether; very slightly soluble in water. Combustible.
Chemical Propertiesp-Toluidine is a colorless solid.
Usesp-Toluidine is used as an intermediate in themanufacture of various dyes. It is also usedas a reagent for lignin and nitrites.
UsesManufacture of various dyes and other organic chemicals. o-Isomer also in printing textiles blue black; making colors fast to acids. p-Isomer also as a reagent for lignin, nitrite, phloroglucinol.
Usesp-Toluidine is an intermediate in the production of dyes, organic chemicals and aromatic azo compounds. It serves as a component of accelerators for cyanoacrylate glues. Furthermore, it acts as a bidentate Schiff base ligand through condensation with salicylaldehyde. It reacts with catecholamine to form a dye which is useful for spectrophotometric determination of catecholamine drugs.
DefinitionChEBI: An aminotoluene in which the amino substituent is para to the methyl group.
Synthesis Reference(s)Tetrahedron Letters, 32, p. 2759, 1991 DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(91)85078-J
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 89, p. 5311, 1967 DOI: 10.1021/ja00996a055
General DescriptionColorless solid. Melting point 44°C (111°F). Specific gravity 1.046. Vapor heavier than air. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. May be absorbed through the skin. Used in dyes, and in organic chemical manufacturing.
Reactivity Profilep-Toluidine neutralizes acids to form salts plus water in exothermic reactions. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. Can react vigorously with oxidizing reagents. Emits very toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen when heated to decomposition. Hypergolic reaction with red fuming nitric acid [Kit and Evered, 1960, p. 239, 242].
Health HazardAbsorption of toxic quantities by any route causes cyanosis (blue discoloration of lips, nails, skin); nausea, vomiting, and coma may follow. Repeated inhalation of low concentrations may cause pallor, low-grade secondary anemia, fatigability, and loss of appetite. Contact with eyes causes irritation.
Health Hazardp-Toluidine is a mild to moderate irritanton the skin. The irritant effect on rabbits’eyes was strong. The toxic properties ofp-toluidine are similar to its ortho- and meta isomers and aniline. The clinical signs of tox icity are methemoglobinemia, anemia, andcyanosis. The major metabolite in urine afteroral application in male rats was 2-amino-5-methylphenol, which was excreted alongwith 3.5% unchanged p-toluidine (ACGIH1986). Exposure to 40-ppm concentrationfor 1 hour resulted in severe poisoning inhumans.
Fire HazardSpecial Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic and flammable vapors may form in fire.
Safety ProfileConfirmed carcinogen. Poison by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Mutation data reported. A severe skin and eye irritant. Flammable when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers. Can react vigorously on contact with oxidzing materials. To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of NOx. See also o- TOLUIDINE and ANILINE.
Potential Exposurepara-Toluidine is used in dyes, and in organic chemical manufacturing
CarcinogenicityIn an 18-month p-toluidine hydrochloride diet carcinogenicity study, maleCDrats (1000 and 2000 ppmfor 18 months) did not develop statistically significant increases of tumors; however,CD-1male and female mice (1000 ppmfor 6 months and then 500 ppmfor additional 12 months; or 2000 ppm for 6 months and then 1000 ppm for additional 12 months) showed significant increases in liver carcinomas: in males at both dose levels and in females at the high dose level.
ShippingUN3451 Toluidines, solid, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials
Purification MethodsIn general, methods similar to those for purifying aniline can be used. It can be separated from the o-and m-isomers by fractional crystallisation from its melt. p-Toluidine has been crystallised from hot water (charcoal), EtOH, *benzene, pet ether or EtOH/water (1:4), and dried in a vacuum desiccator. It can also be sublimed at 30o under vacuum. For further purification, use has been made of the oxalate, the sulfate and acetylation. The oxalate, formed as described for o-toluidine, is filtered, washed and recrystallised three times from hot distilled water. The base is regenerated with aqueous Na2CO3 and recrystallised three times from distilled water. [Berliner & May J Am Chem Soc 49 1007 1927.] Alternatively, p-toluidine is converted to its acetyl derivative which, after repeated crystallisation from EtOH, is hydrolysed by refluxing (50g) in a mixture of 500mL of water and 115mL of conc H2SO4 until a clear solution is obtained. The amine sulfate is isolated, suspended in water, and NaOH is added. The free base is distilled twice from zinc dust under vacuum. The p-toluidine is then recrystallised from pet ether and dried in a vacuum desiccator or in a vacuum for 6hours at 40o. The benzoyl derivative has m 158o (from EtOH). [Berliner & Berliner J Am Chem Soc 76 6179 1954, Moore et al. J Am Chem Soc 108 2257 1986, Beilstein 12 H 880, 12 I 140, 12 II 482, 12 III 2017, 12 IV 1866.]
Incompatibilitiespara-Toluidine is incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. p-Toluidine neutralizes acids to form salts plus water in exothermic reactions. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. Hypergolic reaction with red fuming nitric acid
Waste DisposalConsult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Controlled incineration (oxides of nitrogen are removed from the effluent gas by scrubbers and/or thermal devices).
EMERALDINE BASE POLYANILINE 2-Bromo-4-methylaniline 4-Methyl-3-nitroaniline N-Methylaniline 2-Methyl-4-methoxybenzenamine 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine dihydrochloride N,N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine toluidine Basic Blue 17 N,N-Dimethylaniline Diphenylamine p-Toluidine 2-FLUORO-7-NITROFLUORENE, 99 3-Aminobenzotrifluoride N,N-Dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine 2-ACETAMIDOFLUORENE 2-Fluoro-4-methylaniline 2,7-Dinitrofluorene

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