Cobalt chloride

Cobalt chloride Basic information
Uses Preparation
Product Name:Cobalt chloride
Synonyms:COBALT(II) CHLORIDE: 99.999% ULTRADRY, AMPOULED UNDER ARGON;COBALT(II) CHLORIDE, ANHYDROUS: 99.9%;Cobalt(ii) chloride, 97%, anhydrous;Cobalt(II) dichloride;Dichlorocobalt(II);Cobalt(II) chloride, anhydrous, 97% 5GR;Cobalt(II) chloride, ultra dry, 99.9% (metals basis);Cobalt (II) chloride, 10% in graphite
CAS:7646-79-9
MF:Cl2Co
MW:129.84
EINECS:231-589-4
Product Categories:ATRP Metal Salts;ATRP;Cobalt Salts;Materials Science;Inorganics;metal halide;analytical reagent;Metal and Ceramic Science;Polymer Science;Reagents for Controlled Radical Polymerization;Reagents for Polymerization;Salts
Mol File:7646-79-9.mol
Cobalt chloride Structure
Cobalt chloride Chemical Properties
Melting point 724 °C(lit.)
Boiling point 1049 °C
density 3.35
vapor pressure 40 mm Hg ( 0 °C)
Fp 500°C
storage temp. Store below +30°C.
solubility 585.9g/l soluble
form beads
Specific Gravity3.356
color Pale blue
PHpH (50g/l, 25℃) : >=3.0
Water Solubility soluble
Sensitive Hygroscopic
Sublimation 500 ºC
Merck 14,2437
Exposure limitsACGIH: TWA 0.02 mg/m3
Stability:hygroscopic
CAS DataBase Reference7646-79-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry ReferenceCobalt dichloride(7646-79-9)
EPA Substance Registry SystemCobalt chloride (CoCl2) (7646-79-9)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes T,N
Risk Statements 49-42/43-52/53-50/53-22-68-41-60-51/53
Safety Statements 53-23-36/37-45-60-61-22-39-26
RIDADR UN 2923 8/PG 3
WGK Germany 2
RTECS GF9800000
9-21
TSCA Yes
HazardClass 8
PackingGroup III
HS Code 28273930
Hazardous Substances Data7646-79-9(Hazardous Substances Data)
ToxicityLD50 in mice, rats (mg/kg): 360.0, 171.0 orally; 92.6, 36.9 i.p.; 23.3, 4.3 i.v. (Singh, Junnarkar)
MSDS Information
ProviderLanguage
ACROS English
SigmaAldrich English
ALFA English
Cobalt chloride Usage And Synthesis
UsesCobalt(II) chloride has several applications. It is used in hygrometers; as a
humidity indicator; as a temperature indicator in grinding; as a foam stabilizer in beer; in invisible ink; for painting on glass; in electroplating; and a catalyst in Grignard reactions, promoting coupling with an organic halide. It also is used to prepare several other cobalt salts; and in the manufacture of synthetic vitamin B12.
The vapor-phase co-reductions with other metal halides by hydrogen results in finely divided intermetallics with applications as structural materials or compounds with useful thermoelectric, magnetic, and oxidation-resistance properties.

PreparationCobalt(II) chloride is prepared by the action of cobalt metal or its oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate with hydrochloric acid:
Co(OH)2 + 2HCl → CoCl2 + 2H2O
The solution on concentration and cooling forms crystals of hexahydrate which on heating with SOCl2 dehydrates to anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride.
Alternatively, the hexahydrate may be converted to anhydrous CoCl2 by dehydration in a stream of hydrogen chloride and dried in vacuum at 100–150°C.
The anhydrous compound also may be obtained by passing chlorine over cobalt powder.



Descriptionblue crystals (anhydrous)
violet-blue (dihydrate)
rose red crystals (hexahydrate)
Sinks and mixes with water. Pale blue leaflets, turns pink upon exposure to moist air.


Chemical Properties(1) Blue, (2) ruby-red crystals.Soluble in water, alcohol, and acetone.
Physical propertiesBlue leaflets; turns pink in moist air; hygroscopic; the dihydrate is violet blue crystal; the hexahydrate is pink monoclinic crystal; density 3.36, 2.48 and 1.92 g/cm3 for anhydrous salt, dihydrate and hexahydrate, respectively; anhydrous salt melts at 740°C and vaporizes at 1,049°C; vapor pressure 60 torr at 801°C; the hexahydrate decomposes at 87°C; the anhydrous salt and the hydrates are all soluble in water, ethanol, acetone, and ether; the solubility of hydrates in water is greater than the anhydrous salt.
UsesCobalt chloride (CoCl2) is used to manufacture vitamin B12, even though the compound itself can cause damage to red blood cells. It is also used as a dye mordant (to fix the dye to the textile so that it will not run). It is also of use in manufacturing solid lubricants, as an additive to fertilizers, as a chemical reagent in laboratories, and as an absorbent in gas masks, electroplating, and the manufacture of vitamin B12.
UsesAbsorbent for ammonia, gas masks, electroplating, sympathetic inks, hygrometers, manufacture of vitamin B 12, flux for magnesium refining, solid lubricant, dye mordant, catalyst, barometers, laboratory reagent, fertilizer additive.
UsesCobalt(II) chloride is used in humidity indicator in weather instruments. In the anhydrous form, it finds use in electroplating of cobalt, in organic chemistry and is a precursor to cobaltocene, (bis(cyclopentadienyl)cobalt(II), which is a good reducing agent. It also serves as a Lewis acid. Cobalt chloride is an indicator for water in desiccants, owing to the reversible hydration/dehydration coupled with distinct color change. Cobalt chloride is useful for producing invisible ink as it turns blue when heated and becomes invisible once it gets cooled. Cobalt(II) chloride catalyzes cross coupling of aryl halides or vinyl halides with aryl grignard reagents in excellent yields.
DefinitionChEBI: A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.
General DescriptionCobalt(II) chloride is an anhydrous cobalt salt. Cobalt(II) chloride participates in the synthesis of various esters in the presence of acetonitrile.
Air & Water ReactionsHygroscopic. Soluble in water.
Reactivity ProfileA 0.2 molar aqueous solution has a pH of 4.6. Cobalt chloride acts as a weakly acidic inorganic salt, which is soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydrogen ions and have pH's of less than 7.0. They react as acids to neutralize bases. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of inorganic acids, inorganic oxoacids, and carboxylic acid. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible. Many of these compounds catalyze organic reactions. Potassium or sodium metals act to reduce metal halides, producing exothermic reactions, even explosions [Bretherick, 5th Ed., 1995].
HazardMay not be used in food products (FDA). Can cause blood damage.
Health HazardInhalation causes respiratory disease, shortness of breath, and coughing; permanent disability may occur. Ingestion causes pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. Contact causes irritation of eyes and may cause skin rash.
Fire HazardSpecial Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic cobalt oxide fumes may form in fire.
Flammability and ExplosibilityNotclassified
Biochem/physiol ActionsCobalt chloride induces hypoxia condition in cells by upregulating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), erythropoietin and glycolytic enzymes. It is also responsible for mitochondrial DNA damage in rat neuronal PC12 cells. It is also responsible for the induction of apoptosis.Cobalt chloride 0.1M solution is an additive screening solution of Additive Screening Kit. Additive Screen kit is designed to allow rapid and convenient evaluation of additives and their ability to influence the crystallization of the sample. The Additive Kit provides a tool for refining crystallization conditions.
Safety ProfileSuspected carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic data. Poison experimentally by ingestion, skin contact, intraperitoneal, intravenous, and subcutaneous routes. Moderately toxic to humans by ingestion. Human systemic effects by ingestion: anorexia, goiter (increased thyroid size), and weight loss. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. Incompatible with metals (e.g., sodmm and potassium). See also COBALT. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-.
Purification MethodsA saturated aqueous solution at room temperature is fractionally crystallised by standing overnight. The first half of the material that crystallises in this way is used in the next crystallisation. The process is repeated several times, water being removed in a dry-box using air filtered through glass wool and dried over CaCl2 [Hutchinson J Am Chem Soc 76 1022 1954]. It has also been crystallised from dilute aqueous HCl. The hexahydrate m 86o forms pink to red deliquescent crystals. It loses 4H2O on heating at 52-56o and forms the violet dihydrate which loses a further H2O at 100o to form the violet monohydrate which loses the last H2O at 120-140o to give the pale blue anhydrous deliquescent salt m 735o and b 1049o. A pink solution of CoCl2 in H2O becomes blue on heating to 50o or adding conc HCl which may precipitate the mono or dihydrate. The solid dihydrate gives a blue-purple solution with EtOH. Note: CoCl2 in H2O is a “sympathetic ink”, i.e. writing using an aqueous solution is almost invisible on paper, but becomes blue on warming the paper. On cooling or standing, the writing becomes invisible again. The anhydrous salt is soluble in H2O, EtOH, Et2O, Me2CO and pyridine. [Glemser in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol II p 1515 1965.]
60CO COBALT CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE ACS REAGENT Cobalt chloride COBALT CHLORIDE, DIHYDRATE THIAMINE HCL, COBALT CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, MANGANESE CHLORIDE TETRAHYDRATE Tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt chloride trihydrate Chromium(Ⅱ) chloride protoporphyrin ix cobalt chloride COBALT BLUE BIS(TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE)COBALT (II) CHLORIDE COBALT CHLORIDE TEST PAPER, (PK=100) SODIUM NITRATE/COBALT CHLORIDE/NICKEL CHLORIDE COBALT CHLORIDE CRYSTALS Cobalt chloride 0.01 M - Sodium acetate pH 4.6: 0.1M - 1,6-Hexanediol 1.0M solution PLATINUM COBALT CHLORIDE [1,1'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichlorocobalt(II) PENTAAMMINECHLOROCOBALT(III) CHLORIDE 2-​[[(2-​ethylphenyl)​(2-​hydroxyethyl)​amino]​methyl]​-​3,​3-​difluoro-Propanenitrile

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