White phosphorus

White phosphorus Basic information
Product Name:White phosphorus
Synonyms:white phosphorus;[Td-(13)-delta(4)-closo]tetraphosphorus;Chebi:35895;tetraphosphorus;Molecular phosphorus;Phosphorus tetraatomic molecule;Phosphorus tetramer;Tetraatomic phosphorus
CAS:12185-10-3
MF:P4
MW:123.896
EINECS:
Product Categories:
Mol File:12185-10-3.mol
White phosphorus Structure
White phosphorus Chemical Properties
Melting point 44.1 (0.181mm) [MER06]
Boiling point 277℃ [CRC10]
density α: 1.83; β. 1.88 [MER06]
Water Solubility 1 part/300,000 parts H2O; 1g/400mL absolute alcohol; 1 g/200mL CHCl2; 1g/40mL benzene [MER06]
NIST Chemistry ReferencePhosphorus tetramer(12185-10-3)
EPA Substance Registry SystemPhosphorus (white or yellow) (12185-10-3)
Safety Information
MSDS Information
White phosphorus Usage And Synthesis
DescriptionWhite phosphorus,also known as yellow phosphorus, is a nonmetallic element that is found in the form of crystals or a wax-like transparent solid. It ignites spontaneously in air at 86°F, which is also its ignition temperature. White phosphorus should be stored under water and away from heat. It is a dangerous fire risk, with a boiling point of 536°F (280°C) and a melting point of 111°F (43°C). White phosphorus is toxic by inhalation and ingestion, and contact with skin produces burns. The TLV is 0.1 mg/m3 of air, and it is insoluble in water, with a specific gravity of 1.82, which is heavier than air. White phosphorus is shipped and stored under water to keep it from contacting air. The four-digit UN identification number is 2447. The NFPA 704 designation is health 4, flammability 4, and reactivity 2. The primary uses are in rodenticides, smoke screens, and analytical chemistry.
Chemical PropertiesPhosphorus is a white to yellow, soft, waxy solid with acrid fumes in air. White/yellow phosphorus is either a yellow or colorless, volatile, crystalline solid which darkens when exposed to light and ignites in air to form white fumes and greenish light. It has a garlic-like odor. Usually shipped or stored in water.
Potential ExposureWhite or yellow phosphorus is handled away from air so that exposure is usually limited. Phosphorus was at one time used for the production of matches or “lucifers” but has long since been replaced due to its chronic toxicity. It is used in the manufacture of munitions including tracer bullets, pyrotechnics, explosives, smoke bombs; and other incendiary agents; (because it spontaneously catches fire in air) and as a smoke agent (because it produces clouds of irritating white smoke). Phosphorus is used artificial fertilizers; rodenticides, phosphor bronze alloys; semiconductors, Electro-luminescent coating; and chemicals, such as phosphoric and metallic phosphides. RP is used as a choking/pulmonary agent
ShippingUN1338 Phosphorus, amorphous, Hazard Class: 4.1; Labels: 4.1-Flammable solid. UN1381 Phosphorus, white, dry; under water, in solution; Phosphorus, yellow, dry; yellow, under water; in solution, Hazard Class: 4.2; Labels: 4.2-Spontaneously combustible material, 6.1Poisonous materials. UN2447 Phosphorus white, molten, Hazard Class: 4.2; Labels: 4.2-Spontaneously combustible material, 6.1-Poisonous materials.
IncompatibilitiesPhosphorus, a pyrophoric solid, spontaneously ignite on contact with air, producing toxic phosphorus oxide fumes. Reacts with strong bases, releasing toxic phosphine gas. Phosphorus reacts violently with oxidizers, halogens, some metals, nitrites, sulfur, and many other compounds, causing a fire and explosion hazard. White/yellow reacts with air, halogens, halides, sulfur, oxidizers, alkali hydroxides (forming gas); and metals (forming reactive phosphides). Red is a combustible solid. Friction or contact with oxidizers can cause ignition. Incompatible with many other substances. Forms gas and phosphoric acid on contact with moisture. Opened packages of red phosphorus should be stored under inert gas blanket.
Waste DisposalControlled incineration followed by alkaline scrubbing and particulate removal equipment.
Rosin Nitroglycerin HYDROXYLAMINE Triethylaluminum Sulfur dioxide URANIUM Phosphorus pentasulfide Pentane Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Adenosine Ammonium chlorate Phosphorus Phosphorus pentoxide Potassium METHANE Sodium carbonate Mineral oil White phosphorus

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