Pyridoxine

Pyridoxine Basic information
Description Pharmacodynamics Toxicity References
Product Name:Pyridoxine
Synonyms:2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine;2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroxymethyl-pyridin;2-Methyl-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-hydroxypyridine;2-Picoline-4,5-dimethanol, 3-hydroxy-;3,4-Pyridinedimethanol, 5-hydroxy-6-methyl-;3-hydroxy-2-picoline-5-dimethanol;3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine;3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethylol-alpha-picoline
CAS:65-23-6
MF:C8H11NO3
MW:169.18
EINECS:200-603-0
Product Categories:Heterocycle-Pyridine series;GANTRISIN;Inhibitors;vitamin series;65-23-6
Mol File:65-23-6.mol
Pyridoxine Structure
Pyridoxine Chemical Properties
Melting point 214-215 °C(lit.)
Boiling point 298.46°C (rough estimate)
density 1.2435 (rough estimate)
refractive index 1.5100 (estimate)
storage temp. Inert atmosphere,2-8°C
solubility H2O: 0.1 g/mL at 20 °C, clear, colorless
pkapKa 5.00(H2O t = 25.0 I = 0.15 (mixed)) (Uncertain)
form Solid
color White to Off-White
OdorOdorless
BCS Class1,3
Stability:Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKeyLXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP-0.770
CAS DataBase Reference65-23-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroxymethylpyridine(65-23-6)
EPA Substance Registry System3,4-Pyridinedimethanol, 5-hydroxy-6-methyl- (65-23-6)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes Xi
Risk Statements 36/37/38
Safety Statements 26-36
WGK Germany 3
RTECS UV1350000
8-10
HS Code 29362500
MSDS Information
ProviderLanguage
2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroxymethylpyridine English
SigmaAldrich English
ACROS English
ALFA English
Pyridoxine Usage And Synthesis
Description

Pyridoxine hydrochloride provides pyridoxine, which is also known as vitamin B6. Vitamin B6 is naturally found in foods such as cereals, beans, vegetables, liver, meat, and eggs.  Vitamin B6 functionalizes as a coenzyme in the metabolism of protein, carbohydrate, and fat. Vitamin 6 is needed to maintain the health of nerves, skin, and red blood cells.
Pyridoxine is used to prevent or treat vitamin B6 deficiency caused by inadequate dietary intake. It is also used to treat drug induced deficiency in patients taking isoniazid or oral contraceptives.

PharmacodynamicsVitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is a water-soluble vitamin used in the prophylaxis and treatment of vitamin B6 deficiency and peripheral neuropathy in those receiving isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide, INH). Vitamin B6 has been found to lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a small group of subjects with essential hypertension. Hypertension is another risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Another study showed pyridoxine hydrochloride to inhibit ADP- or epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation and to lower total cholesterol levels and increase HDL-cholesterol levels, again in a small group of subjects. Vitamin B6, in the form of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, was found to protect vascular endothelial cells in culture from injury by activated platelets. Endothelial injury and dysfunction are critical initiating events in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
ToxicityOral Rat LD50 = 4 gm/kg. Toxic effects include convulsions, dyspnea, hypermotility, diarrhea, ataxia and muscle weakness.
References[1] http://www.webmd.com
[2] https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov
Chemical Propertiescrystalline solid
Physical propertiesIt is one kind of B vitamins, containing pyridoxine or pyridoxal or pyridoxamine. Appearance: colorless crystals at room temperature. Solubility: soluble in water and ethanol. Stability: stable in acid liquor but easily destroyed in alkali liquor. Pyridoxol is resistant to high temperature, but pyridoxal and pyridoxamine are not.
HistoryThe discovery of vitamin was tortuous and legendary. After fat-soluble A and water soluble B were discovered by the year of 1915, the discovery of vitamins entered into a rapid developed period. In separation process of riboflavin by Kuhn and his colleagues, they noticed the unusual relationship between growth-promoting activ ity and fluorescence of extracts. Then they supposed that the existence of no fluorescent substances were very necessary for growth-promoting activity of riboflavin. And they considered this phenomenon as the evidence of a second chem ical existence in the thermostable complex. At last, they named this substance as vitamin B6 .
Vitamin B6 is widely distributed in foods, including meats, whole-grain products (especially wheat), vegetables, and nuts. In the cereal grains, vitamin B6 is concen trated primarily in the germ and aleuronic layer. Thus, the refining of grains in the production of flours, which removes much of these fractions, results in substantial reductions of vitamin B6 content. The chemical forms of vitamin B6 tend to vary among foods between plant and animal origin: plant tissues contain most pyridox ine (the free alcohol form, pyridoxol), whereas animal tissues contain most pyri doxal and pyridoxamine.
Usesantibacterial
Usespyridoxine HCL is a skin-conditioning agent that is also widely used in hair products.
UsesVitamin B6, a water-soluble vitamin with a solubility of 1 g in 5 ml of water. It functions in the utilization of protein and is an essential nutrient in enzyme reactions. It is necessary for proper growth. During processing, there is a loss due to leaching of the vitamin in water. It is destroyed by high temperatures, high irradiation, and exposure to light. During storage, loss increases with temperature and storage time. It is found in liver, eggs, and meats.
DefinitionChEBI: A hydroxymethylpyridine with hydroxymethyl groups at positions 4 and 5, a hydroxy group at position 3 and a methyl group at position 2. The 4-methanol form of vitamin B6, it is converted intoto pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme f r synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters, sphingolipids and aminolevulinic acid.
IndicationsVitamin B6 deficiency
Brand nameHexa-Betalin (Lilly).
World Health Organization (WHO)Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) is listed in theWHO Model List of Essential Drugs.
General DescriptionThe discovery of vitamin B6 is generally ascribed to Paul Gy?rgy who first realized there was a vitamin that was distinctly different from vitamin B2 in 1934. Pyridoxine (PN) is the C4 hydroxymethyl derivative, pyridoxal (PL) is the C4 formyl derivative and pyridoxamine (PM) is the C4 aminomethyl derivative of 5-(hydroxymethyl)- 2-methylpyridin-3-ol). Each of these are also converted to their corresponding 5'-phosphate derivatives referred to as pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP), pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP), respectively . Because of their ability to interconvert, all are considered active forms of vitamin B6 in vivo. Although PLP is the major coenzyme form, PMP can also function as a coenzyme primarily in aminotransferases. The major metabolite is 4-pyridoxic acid, which is excreted in the urine.
Biological Activitypyridoxine (pyridoxol, vitamin b6, gravidox), also known as vitamin b6, is a form of vitamin b6 found commonly in food and used as dietary supplement. pyridoxine exerts antioxidant effects in cell model of alzheimer's disease via the nrf-2/ho-1 pathway.
Biochem/physiol ActionsPyridoxine plays a key role in cell maintenance and amino acid metabolism. Deficiency of vitamin B6 leads to anemia especially in pregnant women and seizures in newborns. It serves as cofactor for heme biosynthesis during δ-amino levulinic acid formation, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase and glutamic acid decarboxylase. Vitamin B6 also helps in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and helps plants in overcoming the abiotic and biotic stress.
PharmacologyThe metabolically active form of vitamin B6 is pyridoxal phosphate, which serves as a coenzyme of numerous enzymes, most of which are involved in the metabolism of amino acids. Vitamin B6 functions through the following general mechanisms: decarboxylation, transamination, racemization, elimination, replacement reactions, and β-group interconversions.
Pyridoxal phosphate is practically involved in all amino acid metabolism reac tions, such as transaminations, transsulfuration, and selenoamino acid metabolism, in both their biosynthesis and their catabolism. Vitamin B6 also plays an important role in the tryptophan–niacin conversion, histamine synthesis, neurotransmitter syn thesis, and hemoglobin synthesis.
Vitamin B6 has two roles in gluconeogenesis, transaminations and glycogen uti lization. It is required for the utilization of glycogen to release glucose by serving as a coenzyme of glycogen phosphorylase.

Clinical UsePyridoxine is indicated in the treatment and prevention of known or suspected vitamin B6 deficiency, which is most likely to occur in the setting of alcoholism in developed countries. At least seven genetic disorders that result in a vitamin B6 deficiency syndrome in the presence of an adequate dietary intake have been identified. These result from defects in enzymes that are responsible for the bioactivation or utilization of vitamin B6.
Safety ProfileModerately toxic by ingestion, subcutaneous, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Human systemic effects: ataxia, local anesthetic, paresthesia. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Nox
Veterinary Drugs and TreatmentsPyridoxine use in veterinary medicine is relatively infrequent. It may be of benefit in the treatment of isoniazid (INH) or crimidine (an older rodenticide) toxicity. Pyridoxine deficiency is apparently extremely rare in dogs or cats able to ingest food. Cats with severe intestinal disease may have a greater requirement for pyridoxine in their diet. Experimentally, pyridoxine has been successfully used in dogs to reduce the cutaneous toxicity associated with doxorubicin containing pegylated liposomes (Doxil?). Pyridoxine has been demonstrated to suppress the growth of feline mammary tumors (cell line FRM) in vitro.
In humans, labeled uses for pyridoxine include pyridoxine deficiency and intractable neonatal seizures secondary to pyridoxine dependency syndrome. Unlabeled uses include premenstrual syndrome (PMS), carpal tunnel syndrome, tardive dyskinesia secondary to antipsychotic drugs, nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, hyperoxaluria type 1 and oxalate kidney stones, and for the treatment of isoniazid (INH), cycloserine, hydrazine or Gyometra mushroom poisonings.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride Methyl 3-Hydroxy-2-methylpyridine 2-Chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine 2-Picoline 4-Methylpyridine Doxycycline hydrochloride SPINOSAD Azamethiphos Kresoxim-methyl 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)butyric acid 2,6-Lutidine Methanol Doxycycline Methyl acrylate Methyl bromide CHLOROPHOSPHONAZO III METSULFURON METHYL

Email:[email protected] [email protected]
Copyright © 2024 Mywellwork.com All rights reserved.