Picloram

Picloram Basic information
Product Name:Picloram
Synonyms:RARECHEM AL BO 1809;PICLORAM;OTAVA-BB BB5110090065;4-aminotrichloropicolinicacid;IFLAB-BB F3055-0927;PICLORAM, 250MG, NEAT;4-AMINO-3,5,6-TRICHLOROPICOLINIC ACID, T ECH.;PICLORAM PESTANAL (4-AMINO-3,5,6-TRICHLO
CAS:1918-02-1
MF:C6H3Cl3N2O2
MW:241.46
EINECS:217-636-1
Product Categories:INSECT HORMONE
Mol File:1918-02-1.mol
Picloram Structure
Picloram Chemical Properties
Melting point 200 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Boiling point 421℃
density 1.9163 (rough estimate)
refractive index 1.6770 (estimate)
Fp >110°(230°F)
storage temp. 0-6°C
solubility Soluble in acetone
form Granules
pka4.1(at 25℃)
color White, tan
Water Solubility 420 mg/L
λmax252nm(Phosphate buffer sol.)(lit.)
Merck 14,7397
BRN 479075
Exposure limitsOSHA PEL: 15 mg/m3 (total), 5 mg/m3 (respirable fraction); ACGIH TLV: TWA 10 mg/m3, STEL 20 mg/m3.
InChIKeyNQQVFXUMIDALNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP0.300
CAS DataBase Reference1918-02-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference2-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-(1918-02-1)
IARC3 (Vol. 53) 1991
EPA Substance Registry SystemPicloram (1918-02-1)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes Xi
Risk Statements 36
Safety Statements 26
RIDADR 3077
WGK Germany 2
RTECS TJ7525000
TSCA Yes
HazardClass 9
PackingGroup III
HS Code 2933399990
Hazardous Substances Data1918-02-1(Hazardous Substances Data)
ToxicityLD50 in rats, mice, rabbits, guinea pig, chickens, sheep, cattle (mg/kg): 8200, 2000-4000, 2000, 3000, 6000, >1000, >750 orally (Mullison)
MSDS Information
ProviderLanguage
4-Amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid English
SigmaAldrich English
Picloram Usage And Synthesis
DescriptionPicloram is a colourless crystal. It is very soluble in acetone, ethanol, benzene, and dichloromethane. It is a systemic herbicide used for general woody plant control, sold under the trade names Tordon and Grazon. It also controls a wide range of broad-leaved weeds, but most grasses are resistant. It is used in formulations with other herbicides such as bromoxynil, diuron, 2,4-D, MCPA, triclorpyr, and atrazine. It is also compatible with fertilisers. Picloram, in the pyridine family of compounds, is a systemic herbicide used for control of woody plants and a wide range of broad-leaved weeds. Most grasses are resistant to picloram, so it is used in range management programs. Picloram is formulated either as an acid (technical product), a potassium or triisopropanolamine salt, or an isooctyl ester, and is available as either soluble concentrates, pellets, or granular formulations. The materials in this document refer to the technical acid form unless otherwise indicated. Picloram is stable under acidic, neutral and basic conditions. Picloram is formulated either as an acid (technical product), a potassium or triisopropanolamine salt, or an isooctyl ester, and is available as either soluble concentrates, pellets, or granular formulations and related manufacturing impurities.
Chemical PropertiesPicloram is a colorless powder. Chlorine odor.
UsesSystemic herbicide used to control most broad-leaved weeds on grassland and noncrop areas. Use as a pesticide is restricted
UsesIt is used as a herbicide and defoliant.
UsesHerbicide.
UsesPicloram is a dicot-selective, persistent herbicide and in salt form is used to control a variety of annual weeds on crops, perennial broadleaved herbs, and woody species in combination with 2,4-D or 2,4,5-T. It can persist in an active form in the soil from several months to years, and can also be released from the roots of treated plants into the soil, where other nontarget species may take it up and die. Picloram is of great use in the management of unwanted vegetation in rangeland, grass pastures, and forestry as well as non-cropland and rightsof- way sites, such as around industrial and military installations, roads, railways, airports, under power lines, and along pipelines. Additional uses in some countries include in rice, sugarcane, cereals, and oilseed rape.
DefinitionChEBI: Picloram is a pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine-2-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a chloro group at positions 3,5 and 6, and by an amino group at position 4. It is a systemic herbicide used to control deeply rooted herbaceous weeds and woody plants in rights-of-way, forestry, range lands, pastures, and small grain crops. It has a role as a herbicide and a synthetic auxin. It is an aminopyridine, a pyridinemonocarboxylic acid, a chloropyridine and an organochlorine pesticide. It is functionally related to a picolinic acid.
General DescriptionFine beige crystals or white powder. Odor of chlorine.
Air & Water ReactionsInsoluble in water.
Reactivity ProfilePicloram may be sensitive to prolonged exposure to light. Aqueous solutions may be decomposed by light. Picloram is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, acid chlorides and acid anhydrides.
Health HazardThe toxic effects from ingestion or inhalation of dusts of picloram in test animals were mild. The acute oral LD50 values inrats and rabbits are 2900 and 2000 mg/kg,respectively. Maternal toxicity in rats wasobserved at a dose level of 750 mg/kg/day.Oral administration of picloram in rats andmice caused tumors in thyroid and liver.
Fire HazardFlash point data for Picloram are not available; however, Picloram is probably combustible.
Agricultural UsesHerbicide: Picloram is a systemic herbicide used for control of woody plants and a wide range of broad-leaved weeds along roads, power lines and long right-of-ways. Most grasses are resistant to picloram, so it is used in range management programs to control noxious weeds and brush. It is used to prepare sites for tree planting. Picloram is formulated either as an acid (technical product), a potassium or triisopropanolamine salt, or an isooctyl ester, and is available as either soluble concentrates, pellets, or granular formulations. During the Vietnam war, a herbicide named Agent White was used to control vegetation. It was a mixture of 2,4-D, triisopropanolamine salt and picloram. A U.S. EPA restricted Use Pesticide (RUP).
Trade nameACCESS®; AMDON®; AMDON GRAZON®; BOROLIN®; GRAZON® Picloram; K-PIN®; PATHWAY®; TORDON®[C]; TORDON® 101 MIXTURE; TORDON® 10 K; TORDON® 22 K
Biochem/physiol ActionsPicloram (4-Amino-3,5,6-trichloropyridine-2-carboxylic acid) is a chlorinated systemic herbicide widely used for woody plant and broad-leaved weed control. Picloram induces direct somatic embryogenesis of Lilium longiflorum var. Ceb-dazzel.
Safety ProfileModerately toxic by ingestion. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic, neoplas tigenic, tumorigenic, and teratogenic data. An experimental teratogen. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of Cland NOx.
Potential ExposureA potential danger to those involved in the manufacture, formulation or application of this herbicide.
Environmental FateSoil. Degrades in soil via cleavage of the chlorine atom at the m-position to form 4- amino-5,6-dichloro-2-picolinic acid. Replacement of the chlorine at the m-posi-tion by a hydroxyl group yields 4-amino-3-hydroxy-5,6-dichloropicolinic acid (Hartley and Kidd, 1987). Other soil metabolites reported include carbon dioxide, chloride ions, 4-amino-6- hydroxy-3,5-dichloropicolinic acid (Meikle et al., 1974), 4-amino-3,5-dichloro-6-hydroxypicolinic acid and 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropyridine (Goring and Hamaker, 1971). Youngson et al. (1967) reported that degradation increased with an increase in temperature and organic matter
The half-lives for picloram in soil incubated in the laboratory under aerobic conditions ranged from 29 days to 3 years with an average of 201 days (Meikle et al., 1973; Yoshida and Castro, 1975; Merkle et al., 1976). In field soils, the half-lives for pi
Groundwater. According to the U.S. EPA (1986) picloram has a high potential to leach to groundwater.
Plant. Picloram degraded very slowly in cotton plants releasing carbon dioxide (Meikle et al., 1966). Metabolites identified in spring wheat were 4-amino-2,3,5-trichloropyridine, oxalic acid and 4-amino-3,5-dichloro-6-hydroxypicolinic acid (Redemann et al., 1968; Plimmer, 1970). In soil, 4-amino-3,5-dichloro-6-hydroxypicolinic acid was the only compound positively identified (Redemann et al., 1968)
Photolytic. The sodium salt of picloram in aqueous solution was readily decom-posed by UV light (λ = 300–380 nm). Two chloride ions were formed for each molecule of picloram that reacted. It was postulated that degradation proceeded via a free ra



MetabolismChemical. Picloram is generally stable to hydrolytic degradation but will decompose in hot, concentrated alkali solutions. It undergoes photodecomposition when irradiated with UV light and, to a lesser extent, with sunlight. Degradation via photolysis is thought to primarily involve cleavage of the ring structure and liberation of substituent chlorine atoms producing oxamic acid and 3-oxo-β-alanine. Decarboxylation is not thought to be a major pathway in photolytic degradation.
Plant. Hall et al. (16) have shown that in rapeseed plants (Brassica spp.) >25% of picloram is metabolized 24 hours after treatment.
Soil. There is only limited microbial degradation in the soil. If picloram remains on the soil surface, it may undergo photolysis.

ShippingUN2588 Pesticides, solid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.
Toxicity evaluationMammalian Toxicity. Studies conducted on dog, rat, steer, and human males indicate that most, if not all, of orally administered picloram is quickly excreted unmodified in the urine. The acute oral LD50s for male rat, mice, rabbit, guinea pig, sheep, and cattle are >5000, 2000–4000, ca. 2000, ca. 3000, >1000, and >750 mg/kg, respectively.
Weed Resistance/Modified Crop Tolerance. Weed resistance to picloram has been reported in populations of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) (48) and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) (34). No crops with modified tolerance toward picloram are currently in production.
IncompatibilitiesIncompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Compounds of the carboxyl group react with all bases, both inorganic and organic (i.e., amines) releasing substantial heat, water and a salt that may be harmful. Incompatible with arsenic compounds (releases hydrogen cyanide gas), diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides (releasing heat, toxic and possibly flammable gases), thiosulfates and dithionites (releasing hydrogen sulfate and oxides of sulfur). This material is acidic. Reacts with hot concentrated alkali (hydrolyzes), strong bases. May attack metals.
Waste DisposalThis chlorinated brush killer is usually formulated with 2,4-D and the disposal problems are similar. Incineration @ 1000C for 2 seconds is required for thermal decomposition. Alternatively, the free acid can be precipitated from its solutions by addition of a mineral acid. The concentrated acid can then be incinerated and the dilute residual solution disposed in an area where several years’ persistence in the soil can be tolerated.
Picloram Preparation Products And Raw materials
Preparation ProductsAMINOPYRALID-->2-Pyridinemethanol,4-amino-(6CI,9CI)
PENTYL 4-AMINO-3,5,6-TRICHLOROPYRIDINE-2-CARBOXYLATE picloram isosoctyl ester 2,3,5-TRICHLORO-4-PYRIDINOL 3-Aminopyridine 6-Aminocaproic acid Glycine ISOBUTYL 4-AMINO-3,5,6-TRICHLOROPYRIDINE-2-CARBOXYLATE 2,5-PYRIDINEDICARBOXYLIC ACID ETHYL 3,5,6-TRICHLORO-4-[(4-FLUOROPHENYL)AMINO]PYRIDINE-2-CARBOXYLATE Quinolinic acid 2,4,6-Trichloropyridine CARBOXYLIC ACID Picloram 2-Aminopyridine 3,5,6-TRICHLORO-4-HYDRAZINO-PYRIDINE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID PICLORAM METYL ESTER,PICLORAM METHYL ESTER,PICLORAM METHYL ESTER, 100MG, NEAT,PICLORAM METHYL ESTER STANDARD 4-Dimethylaminopyridine 4-Aminopyridine

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