Ethyl acetate

Ethyl acetate Basic information
organic ester compound Chemical Properties Purification and water removal methods Uses Production Extinguishing agent Professional standards
Product Name:Ethyl acetate
Synonyms:AKOS BBS-00004223;METHYLATED SPIRIT;METHYLATED SPIRIT INDUSTRIAL;METHYLATED SPIRIT MINERALISED;METHYLCARBINOL;REAGENT ALCOHOL;RARECHEM AL BI 0544;SPIRIT OF WINE
CAS:141-78-6
MF:C4H8O2
MW:88.11
EINECS:205-500-4
Product Categories:Solvent;Residue Analysis (Japan only);Solvent by Application;Solvents by Special Grades (Japan Customers Only);Aluminum Bottles;Solvent Bottles;Ethyl Acetate;Solvent Packaging Options;Amber Glass Bottles;Analytical Reagents;Analytical/Chromatography;CHROMASOLV Plus;Chromatography Reagents &;HPLC &;Carthamus tinctorius (Safflower oil);Ephedra sinica;Nutrition Research;Panax ginseng;Phytochemicals by Plant (Food/Spice/Herb);Solvent by Type;Zingiber officinale (Ginger);Pharmacopoeia;Pharmacopoeia A-Z;Alphabetical Listings;Certified Food Grade Products;Certified Natural Products;Flavors and Fragrances;Kosher Certified Products;E-F;E-H;Solvents for HPLC & Spectrophotometry;Solvents for Spectrophotometry;CHROMASOLV Solvents (HPLC, LC-MS);CHROMASOLV(R) HPLC Grade SolventsSolvents;Solvents;Ethyl AcetateSolvents;Biotech SolventsSolvents;CHROMASOLV for HPLCSemi-Bulk Solvents;CHROMASOLV(R) for HPLCSolvents;Composite Drums;Drums Product Line;NOWPak(R) Products;ACS Grade SolventsSolvents;ACS GradeSolvents;Analytical Reagents for General Use;E-L, Puriss p.a. ACS;Puriss p.a. ACS;ACS GradeDrums Product Line;Closed Head Drums;Ethyl AcetateSaturated fatty acids and derivatives;Chemical Class;EQ - EZAnalytical Standards;EstersAnalytical Standards;Protein Sequencing;Protein Structural Analysis;Reagents for Protein Sequencing;Aluminum Bottles;Ethyl AcetateSolvent Bottles;Spectrophotometric Grade Solvents;Spectrophotometric GradeSolvents;ReagentPlus(R)Semi-Bulk Solvents;LEDA HPLC;Hematology and Histology;Routine Histology Stains;Alpha Sort;E;E-LAlphabetic;EQ - EZ;Volatiles/ Semivolatiles;PVC Coated Bottles;ReagentPlus(R) Solvent Grade ProductsSolvents;ReagentPlus(R)Solvents;Solvent Bottles;Sure/Seal? Bottles;E-FSolvents;Ethyl AcetateFlavors and Fragrances;Prepackaged SamplesFlavors and Fragrances;Redi-Pack Bulk;Alphabetical Listings;Flavors and Fragrances;Ethyl Acetate;Certified Natural ProductsFlavors and Fragrances;Anhydrous Grade SolventsSolvents;AnhydrousSolvents;Returnable Container Solvents;E-H, Puriss p.a.Solvents;Ethyl AcetateChromatography/CE Reagents;Pestanal/Residue Analysis;Puriss p.a.;Solvents - GC/SH;ACS Grade Solvents;Amber Glass Bottles;Pesticide Residue Analysis (PRA) SolventsSolvent Bottles;PRA;CHROMASOLV(R) LC-MSSolvents;Ethyl AcetateSpectroscopy;CHROMASOLV PlusCHROMASOLV Solvents (HPLC, LC-MS);CHROMASOLV(R) PlusSolvents;Capillary GC SolventsSolvent Bottles;GC Capillary;Ethyl EsterMore...Close...;ACS GradeSemi-Bulk Solvents;Carbon Steel Flex-Spout Cans;Esters;HPLC Plus Grade Solvents (CHROMASOLV);HPLC/UHPLC Solvents (CHROMASOLV);UHPLC Solvents (CHROMASOLV);ACS and Reagent Grade Solvents;Carbon Steel Flex-Spout Cans;ReagentPlus;ReagentPlus Solvent Grade Products;Semi-Bulk Solvents;Analytical Reagents for General Use;Puriss p.a.;PVC Coated Bottles;Sure/Seal Bottles;Anhydrous;Anhydrous Solvents;Products;Returnable Containers;GC Solvents;Pesticide Residue Analysis (PRA) Solvents;Solvents for GC applications;Solvents for Organic Residue Analysis;Trace Analysis Reagents &;Biotech Solvents;Intermediates;Organics;Alcohol;Analytical Chemistry;LC-MS SolventsProteomics;Solvents and Solutions for Mass Spectrometry;CHROMASOLV LC-MSCHROMASOLV Solvents (HPLC, LC-MS);LC-MS Plus and Gradient;Mass Spectrometry;Mass Spectrometry (MS)&LC-MS;Chromatography/CE Reagents;CHROMASOLV for HPLC;Composite Drums;Drums Product Line;HPLC Grade Solvents (CHROMASOLV);NOWPak Products;ACS Grade;ACS Grade Solvents;141-78-6
Mol File:141-78-6.mol
Ethyl acetate Structure
Ethyl acetate Chemical Properties
Melting point −84 °C(lit.)
Boiling point 76.5-77.5 °C(lit.)
density 0.902 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density 3 (20 °C, vs air)
vapor pressure 73 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index n20/D 1.3720(lit.)
FEMA 2414 | ETHYL ACETATE
Fp 26 °F
storage temp. Store at +2°C to +25°C.
solubility Miscible with ethanol, acetone, diethyl ether and benzene.
pka16-18(at 25℃)
form Liquid
Specific Gravity0.902 (20/20℃)
color APHA: ≤10
Relative polarity0.228
OdorPleasant fruity odor detectable at 7 to 50 ppm (mean = 18 ppm)
explosive limit2.2-11.5%, 38°F
Odor Typeethereal
Odor Threshold0.87ppm
Water Solubility 80 g/L (20 ºC)
λmaxλ: 256 nm Amax: ≤1.00
λ: 275 nm Amax: ≤0.05
λ: 300 nm Amax: ≤0.03
λ: 325-400 nm Amax: ≤0.005
JECFA Number27
Merck 14,3757
BRN 506104
Henry's Law Constant0.39 at 5.00 °C, 0.58 at 10.00 °C, 0.85 at 15.00 °C, 1.17 at 20.00 °C, 1.58 at 25.00 °C (column stripping-UV, Kutsuna et al., 2005)
Exposure limitsTLV-TWA 400 ppm (~1400 mg/m3) (ACGIH, MSHA, and OSHA); IDLH 10,000 ppm (NIOSH).
Stability:Stable. Incompatible with various plastics, strong oxidizing agents. Highly flammable. Vapour/air mixtures explosive. May be moisture sensitive.
InChIKeyXEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP0.68-0.73 at 20-25℃
CAS DataBase Reference141-78-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry ReferenceEthyl acetate(141-78-6)
EPA Substance Registry SystemEthyl acetate (141-78-6)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes F,Xi,Xn,T
Risk Statements 11-36-66-67-20/21/22-10-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-68/20/21/22
Safety Statements 16-26-33-36/37-45-7-25
RIDADR UN 1173 3/PG 2
WGK Germany 1
RTECS AH5425000
1
Autoignition Temperature427 °C
TSCA Yes
HS Code 2915 31 00
HazardClass 3
PackingGroup II
Hazardous Substances Data141-78-6(Hazardous Substances Data)
ToxicityLD50 orally in rats: 11.3 ml/kg (Smyth)
IDLA2,000 ppm [10% LEL]
MSDS Information
ProviderLanguage
SigmaAldrich English
ACROS English
ALFA English
Ethyl acetate Usage And Synthesis
organic ester compoundEthyl Acetate is an organic ester compound with a molecular formula of C4H8O2 (commonly abbreviated as EtOAc or EA), appears as a colorless liquid. It is highly miscible with all common organic solvents (alcohols, ketones, glycols, esters), which make it a common solvent for cleaning, paint removal and coatings.
Ethyl acetate is found in alcoholic beverages, cereal crops, radishes, fruit juices, beer, wine, spirits etc. It has a fruity characteristic odor that is commonly recognized in glues, nail polish remover, decaffeinating tea and coffee, and cigarettes. Due to its agreeable aroma and low cost, this chemical is commonly used and manufactured in large scale in the world, as over 1 million tons annually.
ethyl acetate structure
ethyl acetate structure
Chemical PropertiesEthyl acetate (structure shown above) is the most familiar ester to many chemistry students and possibly the ester with the widest range of uses. Esters are structurally derived from carboxylic acids by replacing the acidic hydrogen by an alkyl or aryl group. Ethyl acetate itself is a colourless liquid at room temperature with a pleasant "fruity" smell, b.p. 77°C.
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl acetate has many uses, such as artificial fruit essences and aroma enhancers, artificial flavours for confectionery, ice cream and cakes, as a solvent in many applications (including decaffeinating tea and coffee) for varnishes and paints (nail varnish remover), and for the manufacture of printing inks and perfumes.

Purification and water removal methodsEthyl acetate generally has a content of 95% to 98% containing a small amount of water, ethanol and acetic acid. It can be further purified as following: add 100mL of acetic anhydride into 1000mL of ethyl acetate; add 10 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid, heat and reflux for 4h to remove impurities such as ethanol and water, and then further subject to distillation. Distillate is oscillated by 20~30g of anhydrous potassium carbonate and further subject to re-distillation. The product has a boiling point of 77 °C and purity being over 99%.
Uses
Industry
Applications
Role/Benefit
Flavor and essence
Food flavor
Used largely to prepare bananas, pears, peaches, pineapple and grape scent food flavors, etc
Alcoholic essence
Used slightly as fragrance volatile
Perfume essence
Used slightly as fragrance volatile
Chemical manufacture
Production of acetamide, acetyl acetate, methyl heptanone, etc
Organic chemical raw materials
Production of organic acid
Extracting agent
Laboratory
Dilution and extraction
Supply excellent dissolving capacity
Chromatographic analysis
Standard material
Column chromatography and extractions
Main component of mobile phase
Reaction solvent
Be prone to hydrolysis and transesterification
Chemical analysis
Thermometer calibration for sugar separation
 Standard material
Determination of bismuth, boron, gold, molybdenum, platinum and thallium
Solvent
Entomology
Insect collecting and study
Used as effective asphyxiant to kill the collected insect quickly without destroying it
Textile industry
Cleaning agent
Supply excellent dissolving capacity
Printing
Flexographic and rotogravure printing
Dissolve the resin, control the viscosity and modify the drying rate
Electronics industry
Viscosity reducer
Reduce the viscosity of resins used in photoresist formulations
Paint manufacture
Solvent
Dissolve and dilute the paints
Health & personal care products
The formulation of nail polish, nail polish removers and other manicuring products
Supply excellent dissolving capacity
Pharmaceutical
Medicine manufacturing
Extraction agent; intermediate
Cosmetics
Aroma enhancer
In perfume to enhance aroma
Others
Tanning extracts
Used for desulfurization of tanning, cigarette materials, oil field drilling, metal flotation, descaling, etc
Production of adhesive
Solvent
Extract many compounds (phosphorus, cobalt, tungsten, arsenic) from aqueous solution
Extracting agent
ProductionIndustrial production of ethyl acetate is mainly classified into three processes.

The first one is a classical Fischer esterification process of ethanol with acetic acid in presence of acid catalyst. This process needs acid catalyst2 such as sulphuric acid, hydrochloride acid, ptoluene sulfonic acid etc. This mixture converts to the ester in about 65% yield at room temperature. 
CH3CH2OH + CH3COOH ↔ CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
The reaction can be accelerated by acid catalysis and the equilibrium can be shifted to the right by removal of water.

The second one is Tishchenko Reaction of acetaldehyde using aluminium triethoxide as a catalyst. In Germany and Japan, most ethyl acetate is produced via the Tishchenko process. 
2 CH3CHO → CH3COOC2H5
This method has been proposed by two different routes; (i) dehydrogenative process, which uses copper or palladium based catalyst and (ii) the oxidative one, which employs, PdO supported catalysts.

The third one, which has been recently commercialized, is addition of acetic acid to ethylene using clay and heteroploy acid7 as a catalyst. 
CH2= CH2 + CH3COOH → CH3COOC2H5 
The processes, however, have some disadvantages; both the conventional esterification and addition of acetic acid to ethylene need stock tanks and apparatus for several feed stocks. Moreover, they use acetic acid that causes apparatus corrosion. Although Teshchenko Reaction uses only one feed and it is a non-corrosive material, it is difficult to handle acetaldehyde because is not available outside of petrochemical industrial area.
In such circumstances, an improved process of ethyl acetate production is strongly desired.












Extinguishing agentdry powder, dry sand, carbon dioxide, foam, and 1211 fire extinguishing agent
Professional standardsTWA 1400 mg/m³; STEL 2000 mg/m³
DescriptionEthyl acetate (systematically, ethyl ethanoate, commonly abbreviated EtOAc or EA) is the organic compound with the formula CH3COOCH2CH3. This colorless liquid has a characteristic sweet smell (similar to pear drops) and is used in glues, nail polish removers, decaffeinating tea and coffee, and cigarettes (see list of additives in cigarettes). Ethyl acetate is the ester of ethanol and acetic acid; it is manufactured on a large scale for use as a solvent. The combined annual production in 1985 of Japan, North America, and Europe was about 400,000 tons. In 2004, an estimated 1.3M tons were produced worldwide.
Chemical PropertiesEthyl acetate has a pleasant ethereal fruity, brandy-like odor, reminiscent of pineapple, somewhat nauseating in high concentration. It has fruity sweet taste when freshly diluted in water. Ethyl acetate is probably one of the most used of all flavor chemicals by volume. Ethyl acetate is slowly decomposed by moisture and then acquires an acid status due to the acetic acid formed.
Physical propertiesClear, colorless, mobile liquid with a pleasant, sweet fruity odor. Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 23 mg/m3 (6.4 ppmv) and 48 mg/m3 (13.3 ppmv), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974). Cometto-Mu?iz and Cain (1991) reported an average nasal pungency threshold concentration of 67,300 ppmv.
OccurrenceAlthough it has been reported present in some natural fruital aromas and in some distillates (rum, rum ether), it has not been reported yet as a constituent of essential oils; it has been identified also in the petals of Magnolia fuscata. Reported found in many foods including fresh and cooked apple, apricot, banana (169 ppm), sweet and sour cherry, citrus peel oils and juices, blueberry, cranberry, black currants, raspberry, blackberry, guava, passion fruit, melon, peaches, papaya, pineapple, cabbage, onion, leek, potato, tomato (3 to 6 ppm), clove, ginger, vinegar, breads, cheeses (0.2 to 0.8 ppm), butter (2 ppm), yogurt, milk, meats, cognac, beer (4 to 64 ppm), whiskies, cider, sherry, grape wines, rum, cocoa, coffee, tea, filberts, peanuts, popcorn, oats, honey, soybeans, coconut, olive oil (0.02 ppm) and olive.
UsesEthyl acetate is used as a solvent for varnishes, lacquers, and nitrocellulose; as anartificial fruit flavor; in cleaning textiles;and in the manufacture of artificial silk andleather, perfumes, and photographic filmsand plates (Merck 1996). Ethyl Acetate is generally used as a solvent in organic reactions. Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants.
UsesEthyl acetate is used primarily as a solvent and diluent, being favored because of its low cost, low toxicity, and agreeable odor. For example, it is commonly used to clean circuit boards and in some nail varnish removers (acetone and acetonitrile are also used). Coffee beans and tea leaves are decaffeinated with this solvent.It is also used in paints as an activator or hardener.[citation needed] Ethyl acetate is present in confectionery, perfumes, and fruits. In perfumes, it evaporates quickly, leaving only the scent of the perfume on the skin.
3 – 1 - Laboratory uses
In the laboratory, mixtures containing ethyl acetate are commonly used in column chromatography and extractions. Ethyl acetate is rarely selected as a reaction solvent because it is prone to hydrolysis and trans esterification.
3 – 2 - Occurrence in wines
Ethyl acetate is the most common ester in wine, being the product of the most common volatile organic acid — acetic acid, and the ethyl alcohol generated during the fermentation. The aroma of ethyl acetate is most vivid in younger wines and contributes towards the general perception of "fruitiness" in the wine.
3 – 3 - Entomological killing agent
In the field of entomology, ethyl acetate is an effective asphyxiant for use in insect collecting and study. In a killing jar charged with ethyl acetate, the vapors will kill the collected (usually adult) insect quickly without destroying it. Because it is not hygroscopic, ethyl acetate also keeps the insect soft enough to allow proper mounting suitable for a collection.
UsesPharmaceutic aid (flavor); artificial fruit essences; solvent for nitrocellulose, varnishes, lacquers, and aeroplane dopes; manufacture of smokeless powder, artificial leather, photographic films and plates, artificial silk, perfumes; cleaning textiles, etc.
Production MethodsEthyl acetate can be manufactured by the slow distillation of a mixture of ethanol and acetic acid in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid. It has also been prepared from ethylene using an aluminum alkoxide catalyst.
Production MethodsEthyl acetate is synthesized in industry mainly via the classic Fischer esterification reaction of ethanol and acetic acid. This mixture converts to the ester in about 65% yield at room temperature:
CH3CH2OH + CH3COOH ? CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O
The reaction can be accelerated by acid catalysis and the equilibrium can be shifted to the right by removal of water. It is also prepared in industry using the Tishchenko reaction, by combining two equivalents of acetaldehyde in the presence of an alkoxide catalyst:
2 CH3CHO → CH3COOCH2CH3.
PreparationEthyl acetate is made by esterification of acetic acid with ethanol, from acetaldehyde, or by the direct addition of ethylene to acetic acid. BP started a 220,000 tonne/year plant in 2001 to operate the last of these processes, known as AVADA. Ethylene and acetic acid react in the presence of a heteropolyacid catalyst to give ethyl acetate at a claimed high selectivity and 99.97% purity. This is the world’s largest ethyl acetate plant and is motivated by its increasing use as a more “acceptable” solvent than hydrocarbons.
In some countries, where ethanol is expensive or there is surplus acetaldehyde capacity, ethyl acetate is made by a Tishchenko reaction. Sasol in South Africa was said to be investigating such a process in the early 2000s. Ethanol is a solvent for surface coatings, cleaning preparations, and cosmetics. Industrial ethanol is aerobically fermented to white vinegar (dilute acetic acid) of the type used for pickling. Gourmet vinegars—wine vinegar, cider vinegar, and so on, made by fermentation of alcoholic beverages—are also available. Ten percent of industrial ethanol production was used for vinegar in the United States in 2001.
DefinitionChEBI: Ethyl acetate is the acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol. It has a role as a polar aprotic solvent, an EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor, a metabolite and a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite. It is an acetate ester, an ethyl ester and a volatile organic compound.
ReactionsEthyl acetate can be hydrolyzed in acidic or basic conditions to regain acetic acid and ethanol. The use of an acid catalyst accelerates the hydrolysis, which is subject to the Fischer equilibrium mentioned above. In the laboratory, and usually for illustrative purposes only, ethyl esters are typically hydrolyzed in a two step process starting with a stoichiometric amount of strong base, such as sodium hydroxide. This reaction gives ethanol and sodium acetate, which is unreactive toward ethanol:
CH3CO2C2H5 + Na OH → C2H5OH + CH3CO2Na
The rate constant is 0.111 dm3 / mol.sec at 25 °C.
Aroma threshold valuesDetection: 5 ppb to 5 ppm
General DescriptionEthyl acetate, a carboxylate ester, is bio-friendly organic solvent with wide range of industrial applications. Its synthesis by reactive distillation and by acceptorless dehydrogenative dimerization of ethanol has been explored. Its utility as a less toxic alternative to diethyl ether in the formalin-ether (F-E) sedimentation procedure for intestinal parasites has been investigated. Its ability as an acyl acceptor in the immobilized lipase-mediated preparation of biodiesel from crude vegetable oils has been examined. The complete degradation of ethyl acetate to CO2 using manganese octahedral molecular sieve (OMS-2) has been investigated.
Air & Water ReactionsHighly flammable. Slightly soluble in water. Ethyl acetate is slowly hydrolyzed by moisture.
Reactivity ProfileEthyl acetate is also sensitive to heat. On prolonged storage, materials containing similar functional groups have formed explosive peroxides. Ethyl acetate may ignite or explode with lithium aluminum hydride. Ethyl acetate may also ignite with potassium tert-butoxide. Ethyl acetate is incompatible with nitrates, strong alkalis and strong acids. Ethyl acetate will attack some forms of plastics, rubber and coatings. Ethyl acetate is incompatible with oxidizers such as hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, perchloric acid and chromium trioxide. Violent reactions occur with chlorosulfonic acid. . SOCl2 reacts with esters, such as Ethyl acetate, forming toxic SO2 gas and water soluble/toxic acyl chlorides, catalyzed by Fe or Zn (Spagnuolo, C.J. et al. 1992. Chemical and Engineering News 70(22):2.).
Health HazardThe acute toxicity of ethyl acetate is low. Ethyl acetate vapor causes eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritation at concentrations above 400 ppm. Exposure to high concentrations may lead to headache, nausea, blurred vision, central nervous system depression, dizziness, drowsiness, and fatigue. Ingestion of ethyl acetate may cause gastrointestinal irritation and, with larger amounts, central nervous system depression. Eye contact with the liquid can produce temporary irritation and lacrimation. Skin contact produces irritation. Ethyl acetate is regarded as a substance with good warning properties. No chronic systemic effects have been reported in humans, and ethyl acetate has not been shown to be a human carcinogen, reproductive, or developmental toxin
Flammability and ExplosibilityEthyl acetate is a flammable liquid (NFPA rating = 3), and its vapor can travel a considerable distance to an ignition source and "flash back." Ethyl acetate vapor forms explosive mixtures with air at concentrations of 2 to 11.5% (by volume). Hazardous gases produced in ethyl acetate fires include carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers should be used for ethyl acetate fires.
Chemical ReactivityReactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.
Pharmaceutical ApplicationsIn pharmaceutical preparations, ethyl acetate is primarily used as a solvent, although it has also been used as a flavoring agent. As a solvent, it is included in topical solutions and gels, and in edible printing inks used for tablets.
Ethyl acetate has also been shown to increase the solubility of chlortalidone and to modify the polymorphic crystal forms obtained for piroxicam pivalate, mefenamic acid, and fluconazole,and has been used in the formulation of microspheres. Ethyl acetate has been used as a solvent in the preparation of a liposomal amphotericin B dry powder inhaler formulation.(9) Its use as a chemical enhancer for the transdermal iontophoresis of insulin has been investigated.
In food applications, ethyl acetate is mainly used as a flavoring agent. It is also used in artificial fruit essence and as an extraction solvent in food processing.
Safety ProfilePotentially poisonous by ingestion. Toxicity depends upon alcohols in question, generally ethanol with methanol as a denaturant. A flammable liquid and dangerous fire hazard; can react vigorously with oxidzing materials. Moderate explosion hazard. See ETHANOL, METHYL ALCOHOL, and n-PROPYL ALCOHOL.
SafetyEthyl acetate is used in foods, and oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations. It is generally regarded as a relatively nontoxic and nonirritant material when used as an excipient.
However, ethyl acetate may be irritant to mucous membranes, and high concentrations may cause central nervous system depression. Potential symptoms of overexposure include irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, narcosis, and dermatitis.
Ethyl acetate has not been shown to be a human carcinogen or a reproductive or developmental toxin.
The WHO has set an estimated acceptable daily intake of ethyl acetate at up to 25 mg/kg body-weight.
In the UK, it has been recommended that ethyl acetate be temporarily permitted for use as a solvent in food and that the maximum concentration consumed in food should be set at 1000 ppm.
LD50 (cat, SC): 3.00 g/kg
LD50 (guinea-pig, oral): 5.50 g/kg
LD50 (guinea-pig, SC): 3.00 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, IP): 0.709 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, oral): 4.10 g/kg
LD50 (rabbit, oral): 4.935 g/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): 5.62 g/kg
SynthesisBy reacting acetic acid and ethanol in the presence of sulfuric acid; by distillation of sodium potassium, or lead acetate with ethanol in the presence of sulfuric acid; by polymerizatin of acetaldehyde in the presence of aluminum ethylate or aluminum acetate as catalysts.
Potential ExposureThis material is used as a solvent for nitrocellulose and lacquer. It is also used in making dyes,flavoring and perfumery, and in smokeless powder manufacture
CarcinogenicityEthyl acetate was not mutagenic in bacterial assays; it was not genotoxic in a number of in vivo assays but did cause chromosomal damage in hamster cells in vitro.
Ethyl acetate has a fruity odor detectable at 10ppm.
The 2003 ACGIH threshold limit valuetime- weighted average (TLV-TWA) for ethyl acetate is 400pm (1440mg/m3).
SourceIdentified among 139 volatile compounds identified in cantaloupe (Cucumis melo var. reticulates cv. Sol Real) using an automated rapid headspace solid phase microextraction method (Beaulieu and Grimm, 2001).
Environmental fateBiological. Heukelekian and Rand (1955) reported a 5-d BOD value of 1.00 g/g which is 54.9% of the ThOD value of 1.82 g/g.
Photolytic. Reported rate constants for the reaction of ethyl acetate and OH radicals in the atmosphere (296 K) and aqueous solution are 1.51 x 10-12 and 6.60 x 10-13 cm3/molecule?sec, respectively (Wallington et al., 1988b).
Chemical/Physical. Hydrolyzes in water forming ethanol and acetic acid (Kollig, 1993). The estimated hydrolysis half-life at 25 °C and pH 7 is 2.0 yr (Mabey and Mill, 1978).
MetabolismEthyl acetate is hydrolysed to ethyl alcohol, which is then partly excreted in the expired air and urine. The rest is metabolized, the acetate fraction becoming incor porated in the body pool (Fassett, 1963).
storageEthyl acetate should be stored in an airtight container, protected from light and at a temperature not exceeding 30°C. Ethyl acetate is slowly decomposed by moisture and becomes acidic; the material can absorb up to 3.3% w/w water.
Ethyl acetate decomposes on heating to produce ethanol and acetic acid, and will emit acrid smoke and irritating fumes. It is flammable and its vapor may travel a considerable distance to an ignition source and cause a ‘flashback’.
The alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl acetate has been shown to be inhibited by polyethylene glycol and by mixed micelle systems.
ShippingUN1173 Ethyl acetate, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.
Purification MethodsThe most common impurities in EtOAc are water, EtOH and acetic acid. These can be removed by washing with aqueous 5% Na2CO3, then with saturated aqueous CaCl2 or NaCl, and drying with K2CO3, CaSO4 or MgSO4. More efficient drying is achieved if the solvent is further dried with P2O5, CaH2 or molecular sieves before distillation. CaO has also been used. Alternatively, ethanol can be converted to ethyl acetate by refluxing with acetic anhydride (ca 1mL per 10mL of ester), the liquid is then fractionally distilled, dried with K2CO3 and redistilled. [Beilstein 2 III 127.]
Toxicity evaluationEthyl acetate is rapidly hydrolyzed to ethanol and acetic acid. When ethyl acetate was injected intraperitoneal at 1.6 g kg-1, hydrolysis to acetic acid and ethanol occurred rapidly. The biological half-life value of the conversion of ethyl acetate to ethanol was found to be between 5 and 10 min. At doses higher than 1.6 g kg-1 in rats the rate of hydrolysis exceeded the ethanol oxidation leading to the ethanol accumulation in the vascular system.
IncompatibilitiesEthyl acetate can react vigorously with strong oxidizers, strong alkalis, strong acids, and nitrates to cause fires or explosions. It also reacts vigorously with chlorosulfonic acid, lithium aluminum hydride, 2-chloromethylfuran, and potassium tert-butoxide.
Waste DisposalDissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≧100 kg/ mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.
Regulatory StatusIncluded in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral tablets and sustained-action tablets; topical and transdermal preparations). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK (tablets, topical solutions, and gels). Ethyl acetate is also accepted for use in food applications in a number of countries including the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.
Ethyl acetate Preparation Products And Raw materials
Raw materialsEthanol-->Sulfuric acid-->Acetic acid-->Potassium carbonate-->1-Butanol-->Calcium oxide-->Potassium Acetate-->ketene
Preparation ProductsN-ETHYL 3-NITROBENZENESULFONAMIDE-->Methyl 4-bromo-3-nitrobenzoate-->ETHYL ISONICOTINOYLACETATE-->Sodium 1-heptanesulfonate-->D-glucose pentakis[3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(trihydroxy-3,4,5-benzoyl)oxy]benzoate]-->Ampicillin sodium-->Diphenyl N-cyanocarbonimidate-->4(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 2-methyl- (8CI,9CI)-->4-FLUOROBENZYL ISOCYANATE-->2-(2-FORMYL-PHENOXY)-PROPIONIC ACID-->N-METHOXYCARBONYLMALEIMIDE-->2-Amino-6-bromopyridine-->3-METHYL-4-PYRIDINECARBOXYLIC ACID-->N-BENZYL-6-CHLORO-N-METHYLPYRIDAZIN-3-AMINE-->polyurethane adhesive for dry laminating-->2-ISOCYANATO-4,6-DIMETHOXYPYRIMIDINE-->Methyl 3-bromo-4-methylbenzoate-->N-Acetylethylenediamine-->3-Hydroxypiperidine-->ETHYL PICOLINOYLACETATE-->N-Hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride-->Boc-O-benzyl-L-tyrosine-->2-Acetylthiazole-->ALUMINUM DI(ISOPROPOXIDE)ACETOACETIC ESTER CHELATE-->Tea polyphenol-->2-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanol-->BOC-Glycine-->dry laminating adhesive AD-->adhesive No.1 for shrink packaging-->Triphenylsilanol-->granular adhesive PUA-->special adhesive JA-501 for laminating packaging materials-->special adhesive JA-502 for aluminum-plastics laminating tape-->Enoximone-->coating adhesive tiemao 102-->adhesive M-861 for polyolefin plastics-->self curing adhesive SL-B404-->wealant XY-2-->Water-proof adhesive-->adhesive JX-18-1
Butyl acetate Vinyl acetate Ethyl acetoacetate Tocopheryl acetate Ethanol Acetic anhydride Ethylparaben Ethyl trifluoroacetate Ethyl phenylacetate Ethyl bromoacetate ACETATE Ethyl acetate Glatiramer acetate Potassium Acetate Methyl acetate Megestrol acetate Ethyl chloroacetate Ethyl cyanoacetate Ethyl Ethanoate

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