Fenamiphos

Fenamiphos Basic information
Description References
Product Name:Fenamiphos
Synonyms:Phosphoramidicacid,(1-methylethyl)-,ethyl-3-methyl-4(methylthio)phenylester;SRA 3886;sra3886;ethyl 4-(methylthio)-m-tolyl isopropylphosphoramidate;ETHYL-4-[METHYLTHIO]-M-TOLYL ISOPROPYL-PHOSPHOROAMIDATE;ETHYL-3-METHYL-4-[METHYLTHIO]PHENYL-[1-METHYLETHYL]PHOSPHORAMIDATE;FENAMIPHOS;BAY 68138
CAS:22224-92-6
MF:C13H22NO3PS
MW:303.36
EINECS:244-848-1
Product Categories:INSECTICIDE;Amines;Aromatics;Phosphorylating and Phosphitylating Agents;Sulfur & Selenium Compounds
Mol File:22224-92-6.mol
Fenamiphos Structure
Fenamiphos Chemical Properties
Melting point 49°C
Boiling point 375.6±52.0 °C(Predicted)
density 1.14
vapor pressure 1.2 x 10-4 Pa (20 °C)
Fp 100 °C
storage temp. 0-6°C
solubility Chloroform (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
form Liquid
pka-0.09±0.70(Predicted)
color Brown
Water Solubility 0.07 g/100 mL
Merck 13,3984
BRN 4752893
Exposure limitsOSHA PEL: TWA 0.1 mg/m3; ACGIH TLV: TWA 0.1 mg/m3.
LogP4.01 at 30℃
CAS DataBase Reference22224-92-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry ReferenceFenamiphos(22224-92-6)
EPA Substance Registry SystemFenamiphos (22224-92-6)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes T+;N,N,T+
Risk Statements 24-28-50/53-36-26/28
Safety Statements 23-28-36/37-45-60-61-35-26
RIDADR UN 2811/3017
WGK Germany 3
RTECS TB3675000
HazardClass 6.1(a)
PackingGroup I
Hazardous Substances Data22224-92-6(Hazardous Substances Data)
ToxicityLD50 orally in rats (mg/kg): 10-25 (Waggoner, Khasawinah); LD50 orally in birds (mg/kg): 2.4 (Hill, Camardese)
MSDS Information
Fenamiphos Usage And Synthesis
DescriptionFenamiphos is a colourless crystal or a tan, waxy solid. It is non-corrosive to metals and breaks down readily in strong acids and bases. Fenamiphos is used as a nematicide and an insecticide for use on a wide variety of field, vegetable, and fruit crops. Fenamiphos has been used primarily to control nematodes and thrips on various agricultural crops (i.e., citrus, grapes, peanuts, pineapples, tobacco, etc.) and non-agricultural (i.e., turf and ornamentals) sites.Alternatively, it can also be used for the treatment of other kinds of invertebrates such as sucking insects and spider mite. Fenamiphos takes effects through inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase in the pests. There are no residential uses for fenamiphos and is a Restricted Use Pesticide (RUP) due to high acute toxicity and toxicity to wildlife.
Referenceshttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/fenamiphos#section=Top
http://extoxnet.orst.edu/pips/fenamiph.htm
DescriptionFenamiphos is a colorless crystalline substance. Solubility in water is 400 mg/L (20 ?C). It is soluble in polar organic solvents. Log Kow = 3.3(20 ?C). It is stable in aqueous media; DT50 (22 ?C) at pH 4, 7, and 9 are 1, 8, and 3 yr.
Chemical PropertiesFenamiphos is a colorless crystal or a tan, waxy solid. It is non-corrosive to metals and breaks down readily in strong acids and bases. Fenamiphos is used as a nematicide and an insecticide. It is sparingly soluble in water, but readily soluble in dichloromethane, isopropanol, and toluene. It is used primarily for the control of nematodes and thrips on citrus, grapes, peanuts, pineapples, tobacco, turf, and ornamentals. There are no residential uses for fenamiphos. The US EPA has grouped fenamiphos as an RUP owing to its high acute toxicity and toxicity to wildlife. Reports have indicated that the manufacture and sale of fenamiphos is to be phased out by 2007–2008.
Chemical PropertiesYellow Solid
UsesNematocide and insecticide.
UsesFenamiphos is primarily used to control nematodes in a wide range of crops and in turf. It will also control mites and sucking insects in crops.
UsesSystemic broad spectrum nematocide with anticholinesterase activity. Nematocide.
DefinitionChEBI: Fenamiphos is a phosphoramidate ester, an organophosphate insecticide and an organophosphate nematicide. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, an agrochemical and an acaricide. It is functionally related to a 4-(methylsulfanyl)-m-cresol.
General DescriptionBrown waxy solid or colorless solid. Used as a nematocide.
Air & Water ReactionsFenamiphos is hydrolyzed by strong acids and strong alkalis.
Reactivity ProfileOrganothiophosphates, such as Fenamiphos, are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.
HazardToxic by inhalation and skin contact. Questionable carcinogen.
Health HazardOccupational exposures to fenamiphos cause severe toxicity and adverse health effects. It inhibits the activity of the cholinesterase enzyme in humans, leading to over stimulation of the nervous system. The symptoms of poisoning include, but are not restricted to, nausea, dizziness, confusion, impaired memory, disorientation, severe depression, irritability, headache, speech diffi culties, delayed reaction times, nightmares, sleepwalking, and drowsiness or insomnia. Very high exposures, such as accidental ingestion and/or major spillage, cause respiratory paralysis and death. Laboratory studies have indicated that the teratogenic effects of fenamiphos occurred only at levels that caused overt maternal toxicity and are likely indirect consequences of this toxicity. Other studies have indicated that fenamiphos is non-mutagenic and also have no evidence suggesting that fenamiphos is carcinogenic to animals and humans.
Health HazardFenamiphos is highly toxic orally, by inhalation, and by absorption through the skin. (Non-Specific -- Parathion) Death may occur from respiratory failure.
Fire Hazard(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, n.o.s.) Container may explode in heat of fire. Fire and runoff from fire control water may produce irritating or poisonous gases. Emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides, phosphorus oxides, and sulfur oxides when heated to decomposition.
Flammability and ExplosibilityNotclassified
Agricultural UsesNematicide, Insecticide: A U.S. EPA restricted Use Pesticide (RUP). Fenamiphos is an organophosphate nematicide used to control a wide variety of nematode (roundworm) pests. Nematodes can live as parasites on the outside or the inside of a plant. They may be free living or associated with cyst and root-knot formations in plants. Fenamiphos is used on a variety of plants including tobacco, turf, bananas, pineapples, citrus and other fruit vines, some vegetables, and grains. The compound is absorbed by roots and is then distributed throughout the plant. Fenamiphos, as is typical of other organophosphates, blocks the enzyme acetylcholinesterase in the target pest. The pesticide also has secondary activity against other invertebrates such as sucking insects and spider mites.
Trade nameBAY 68138®; Bayer 68138®; NEMACUR®; NEMACURP®
Safety ProfilePoison by ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx, POx, and SOx.
Environmental FateSoil. Oxidizes in soil to the corresponding sulfone and sulfoxide (Lee et al., 1986). Fenamiphos rapidly degraded in Arredondo soil to fenamiphos sulfone and at the sametime to the corresponding phenol. The half-life in this soil is 38–67 days (Ou and Rao, 1986).
Surface Water. In estuarine water, the half-life of fenamiphos was 1.80 days (Lacorte et al., 1995).
Chemical/Physical. Emits toxic fumes of phosphorus, nitrogen and sulfur oxides when heated to decomposition (Sax and Lewis, 1987; Lewis, 1990).
Metabolic pathwayFenamiphos is an effective nematicide with both protectant and curative action. Free-living, ecto- and endo-parasitic, cyst-forming and root knot nematodes are controlled. Foliarly applied compound is translocated in plants to the roots and there is evidence that both translocation and optimum anti-cholinesterase and nematicide activity require oxidation of the thiomethyl group to the sulfoxide or the sulfone. These thiooxidation products are much more easily hydrolysed than fenamiphos itself and hydrolytic degradation in the environment most probably occurs via the formation of these intermediates.
MetabolismThe oxidation of the thiomethyl group to the sulfoxide and sulfone is required for both translocation and nematicidal activity in plants. The oxidation products are more susceptible to hydrolysis than fenamiphos itself. In mammals, orally administered fenamiphos is rapidly metabolized to the sulfoxide and sulfone, followed by subsequent hydrolysis, conjugation, and excretion in the urine. N-Dealkylation also occurs. The DT50 in soils is several weeks; the major degradation products are fenamiphos sulfoxide and sulfone and their phenols.
Toxicity evaluationThe acute oral LD50 for rats is about 6 mg/kg. Inhalation LC50 (4 h) for rats is about 0.12 mg/L air. NOEL (2 yr) for rats is 1 mg/kg diet (0.05 mg/kg/d). ADI is 0.5 μg/kg b.w.
DegradationFor an organophosphorus compound, fenamiphos is relatively stable to hydrolysis. The DT50s at pH values 4, 7 and 8 were 1 year, 8 years and 3 years respectively (PM). Fenamiphos was fairly stable in phosphate buffers at pH values 5 and 7 at 30-50 °C in the dark but in natural pond water containing silt the DT50 was about 5 days. In pH 9 buffer the DT50 was about 13 days. Under basic conditions the main product of hydrolysis was the phenol (2) (Waggoner and Khasawinah, 1974).
Walia and Dureja (1990) have studied the photolysis of fenamiphos in methanol solution irradiated by an unfiltered high pressure mercury lamp. The photosensitiser and singlet oxygen generator Rose Bengal was also included in one of the experiments. Analysis and characterisation were carried out by TLC, MS and 1H NMR. In the presence of Rose Bengal the major product was fenamiphos sulfoxide (3). Since singlet oxygen is generated on soil surfaces and in silty water this experiment may be of relevance to the activation of fenamiphos in the environment. In the absence of a photosensitiser, the compound was cleaved to produce the phenol, 3-methyl-4-(methylthio)phenol (2) and its O-methylated derivative (not shown in Scheme 1), indicative of the involvement of methanol in the reaction. In an experiment which more closely mimicked the conditions for photodegradation in the environment, Barcelo et al. (1993) examined the photolysis of fenamiphos in water containing 24% methanol irradiated by a xenon arc (suntest) lamp. Metabolites were analysed and characterised by HPLC, thermospray MS and W (diode array) spectra. Fenamiphos was photodegraded to the extent of 98% after 90 min of irradiation. The main degradation product identified was fenamiphos sulfoxide (3). Products of the hydrolysis and photolysis of fenamiphos are shown in Scheme 1.
Fenamiphos Preparation Products And Raw materials
Raw materialsPhosphorus oxychloride-->m-Cresol-->Isopropylamine-->Cresol-->Dimethyl disulfide-->Ethyl dichlorophosphate-->3-Methyl-4-(methylthio)phenol
Methyl Triethyl phosphate TOLUALDEHYDES Ethanol Bensulfuron methyl Parathion-methyl CADUSAFOS Ethylparaben ISOMETHIOZIN Kresoxim-methyl Thiophanate-methyl Ethyl acetate Clindamycin phosphate Ethyl acrylate Methyl acrylate Methyl bromide Ethyl cyanoacetate SULPHOSUCCINIC ACID ESTER

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