2,3-Dimethylbutane

2,3-Dimethylbutane Basic information
Product Name:2,3-Dimethylbutane
Synonyms:Biisopropyl;butane,2,3-dimethyl-;dimethyl-2,3butane;DIISOPROPYL;DIISOPROPANE;2,3-DIMETHYLBUTANE;2,3-DIMETHYLBUTANE, STANDARD FOR GC;2,3-Dimethylbutane,99%
CAS:79-29-8
MF:C6H14
MW:86.18
EINECS:201-193-6
Product Categories:Acyclic;Alkanes;Building Blocks;Chemical Synthesis;Organic Building Blocks
Mol File:79-29-8.mol
2,3-Dimethylbutane Structure
2,3-Dimethylbutane Chemical Properties
Melting point -129 °C
Boiling point 58 °C(lit.)
density 0.662 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density 3 (vs air)
vapor pressure 7.41 psi ( 37.7 °C)
refractive index n20/D 1.375(lit.)
Fp −28 °F
storage temp. Flammables area
solubility In methanol: 495, 593, 760, and 1,700 g/L at 5, 10, 15, and 20 °C, respectively. Miscible at higher temperatures (Kiser et al., 1961).
form Liquid
pka>14 (Schwarzenbach et al., 1993)
color Colorless
explosive limit~7.7%
Odor Threshold0.42ppm
Water Solubility Soluble in water (1mg/ml @22°C), DMSO, ethanol, acetone.
BRN 1730737
Henry's Law Constant1.28(atm?m3/mol) at 25 °C (Mackay and Shiu, 1981)
Exposure limitsACGIH TLV: TWA and STEL for all isomers except n-hexane are 500 and 1,000 ppm, respectively (adopted).
Stability:Stable. Flammable. Readily forms explosive mixtures with air. Note low flash point. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, oxygen.
InChIKeyZFFMLCVRJBZUDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP3.42
CAS DataBase Reference79-29-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System2,3-Dimethylbutane (79-29-8)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes F,Xn,N
Risk Statements 11-65-67-51/53-38
Safety Statements 16-23-33-62-61-29-9
RIDADR UN 2457 3/PG 2
WGK Germany 3
RTECS EJ9350000
Autoignition Temperature788 °F
TSCA Yes
HazardClass 3
PackingGroup II
HS Code 29011000
Hazardous Substances Data79-29-8(Hazardous Substances Data)
MSDS Information
ProviderLanguage
SigmaAldrich English
ACROS English
ALFA English
2,3-Dimethylbutane Usage And Synthesis
Chemical Properties2,3-Dimethylbutane, C6H14, is a flammable liquid with a specific gravity of 0.66164. It is released into the atmosphere from automobile, biomass combustion, and gasoline vapor emissions.
Physical propertiesColorless liquid with a mild gasoline-like odor. An odor threshold concentration of 4.2 ppmv was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).
Uses2,3-Dimethylbutane is a branched saturated hydrocarbon for proteomics research. It is used in organic synthesis, catalytic agent, petrochemical additive.
Uses2,3-Dimethylbutane is used in high octane fuels and in organic synthesis. It is also used as a gas chromatography standard.
Production Methods2,3-Dimethylbutane is produced from crude oil, natural liquid gases, and petroleum refining processes.
DefinitionChEBI: 2,3-dimethylbutane is an alkane that is butane substituted by a methyl group at positions 2 and 3. It is an alkane and a volatile organic compound. It derives from a hydride of a butane.
General DescriptionA clear colorless liquid with a petroleum-like odor. Flash point -20°F. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air.
Air & Water ReactionsHighly flammable. Insoluble in water.
Reactivity ProfileSaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as 2,3-DIMETHYLBUTANE, may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid. Charring of the hydrocarbon may occur followed by ignition of unreacted hydrocarbon and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons are mostly unreactive. They are not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents. 2,3-DIMETHYLBUTANE is incompatible with oxidizing materials. 2,3-DIMETHYLBUTANE is also incompatible with oxygen. .
Health HazardInhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
Flammability and ExplosibilityFlammable
Safety ProfileProbably an irritant and narcotic in high concentration. A very dangerous fire and explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame; can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Keep away from heat and open flame. To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
SourceComprised 1.6 to 2.6 vol % of total evaporated hydrocarbons from gasoline tank (quoted, Verschueren, 1983). Schauer et al. (1999) reported 2,3-dimethylbutane in a diesel-powered medium-duty truck exhaust at an emission rate of 570 μg/km.
California Phase II reformulated gasoline contained 2,3-dimethylbutane at a concentration of 12.9 g/kg. Gas-phase tailpipe emission rates from gasoline-powered automobiles with and without catalytic converters were 2.14 and 298 mg/km, respectively (Schauer et al., 2002).
Environmental fatePhotolytic. Major products reported from the photooxidation of 2,3-dimethylbutane with nitrogen oxides are carbon monoxide and acetone. Minor products included formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and peroxyacyl nitrates (Altshuller, 1983). Synthetic air containing gaseous nitrous acid and exposed to artificial sunlight (λ = 300–450 nm) photooxidized 2,3-dimethylbutane into acetone, hexyl nitrate, peroxyacetal nitrate, and a nitro aromatic compound tentatively identified as a propyl nitrate (Cox et al., 1980).
Chemical/Physical. Complete combustion in air yields carbon dioxide and water vapor. 2,3- Dimethylbutane will not hydrolyze because it has no hydrolyzable functional group.
Purification MethodsDistil it from sodium, pass it through a column of silica gel (activated by heating in nitrogen to 350o before use) to remove unsaturated impurities, and again distil it from sodium. Also distil it azeotropically with MeOH, then wash with water, dry (Na2SO4) it, and redistil it. [Beilstein 1 IV 371.]
CYCLOBUTANE-1,2-DICARBONITRILE ethyl 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1-cyclopropanecarboxylate 1,2,3,4,5,6-HEXAMETHYLBICYCLO[2.2.0]HEXA-2,5-DIENE ALPHA-(-)-THUJONE (-)-MYRTENOL (1R)-(+)-ALPHA-PINENE METHYL O-METHYLPODOCARPATE CHRYSANTHEMYL ALCOHOL PERHYDROFLUORENE AURORA KA-477 CYCLOPROPYL DIPHENYL CARBINOL 2-CARENE cis-VERBENOL 3-CARENE beta-Pinene (-)-VERBENONE Ethyl chrysanthemumate 9,9'-BIFLUORENE

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