Pentobarbital

Pentobarbital Basic information
Product Name:Pentobarbital
Synonyms:5-Ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)malonylurea;5-Ethyl-5-(sec-pentyl)barbituric acid;5-ethyl-5-(sec-pentyl)barbituricacid;6(1h,3h,5h)-pyrimidinetrione,5-ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-4;Barbituric acid, 5-ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-;barbituricacid,5-ethyl-5-(2-pentyl);component of Emesert;Dorsital
CAS:76-74-4
MF:C11H18N2O3
MW:226.27
EINECS:200-983-8
Product Categories:
Mol File:76-74-4.mol
Pentobarbital Structure
Pentobarbital Chemical Properties
Melting point 129.5°C
Boiling point 367.89°C (rough estimate)
density 1.1376 (rough estimate)
refractive index 1.4620 (estimate)
Fp 9℃
storage temp. 2-8°C
solubility Very slightly soluble in water, freely soluble in ethanol. It forms water-soluble compounds with alkali hydroxides and carbonates and with ammonia.
form A neat solid
pkapK1:8.11(0) (25°C)
Water Solubility 679 mg/L
CAS DataBase Reference76-74-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry ReferencePentobarbital(76-74-4)
EPA Substance Registry SystemPentobarbital (76-74-4)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes T,F
Risk Statements 25-63-39/23/24/25-36/38-23/24/25-11
Safety Statements 7-16-36/37-45-36/37/39-22
RIDADR UN 2811 6.1/PG 3
WGK Germany 3
RTECS CQ5775000
HazardClass 6.1(b)
PackingGroup III
HS Code 2933530000
Hazardous Substances Data76-74-4(Hazardous Substances Data)
ToxicityA barbiturate that causes CNS depression, apparently due to a facilitation of GABA-ergic inhibition. It appears that the site of action of pentobarbital may be the macromolecular complex made up of a GABA receptor, chloride channel, benzodiazepine-binding site, and picrotoxin-binding site. Barbiturates have been shown to compete for dihydropicrotoxinin-binding sites. In clinical use, barbiturates such as pentobarbital have been largely replaced as sedative-hypnotics by the much safer benzodiazepines. The sedative-hypnotic properties of barbiturates may lead to abuse, as tolerance and dependence are known to occur. In animals, pentobarbital is routinely used for its anesthetic and anticonvulsant properties, as well as for euthanasia. Pentobarbital, like other barbiturates, can induce the metabolism of other compounds by altering cytochrome P450 activity. The oral LD50 in rats is 118 mg/kg.
MSDS Information
ProviderLanguage
5-Ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)barbituric acid English
SigmaAldrich English
Pentobarbital Usage And Synthesis
DescriptionPentobarbital (CRM) (Item No. 20966) is a certified reference material categorized as a barbiturate. Pentobarbital is regulated as a Schedule II compound in the United States. Pentobarbital (CRM) (Item No. 20966) is provided as a DEA exempt preparation. This product is intended for research and forensic applications.
Chemical PropertiesA white or almost white, crystalline powder or colourless crystals
OriginatorNembutal,Abbott,US
UsesSedative-hypnotic.
DefinitionChEBI: A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.
Manufacturing ProcessSodium (9.6 parts) was dissolved in butanol (192 parts) and di-n-butyl ethyl 1-methyl-n-butylmalonate (62.8 parts) and urea (14.4 parts) were added to the warm solution with agitation. The mixture was then heated to reflux temperature in three quarters of an hour and maintained for 2 hours. The reaction mass was kept, water (150 parts) added, the aqueous portion separated, and the butanol layer extracted with water (3 x 50 parts). The combined aqueous extracts were then given 3 small extractions with benzene, the aqueous liquors separated, charcoaled, filtered and precipitated with concentrated hydrochloric acid (acid to congopaper). The solid was collected, washed with water, dissolved in N-sodium hydroxide and reprecipitated with carbon dioxide. On recrystallization, from aqueous alcohol, the pentobarbitone was obtained.
Brand nameNembutal(Ovation)[Name previously used: Pentobarbitone.];Aethaminalum;Barbityral;Barbopent;Burtylonel;Cafergot p.b.;Calpental;Di-barbs;Dipental;Distonocalm;Ergobel plus;Hypnol;Hypnotal;Hyptonal;Insom rapido;Isoamytal;Isom rapido;Iturate;Narcoren;Nembudeine;Nicaphlogyl;Novarectal;Nova-rectal;Novopentobarb;Novo-pentobarb;Or-trin;Palpent;Pembul;Penbon;Pentalgin;Pentanca;Pentodormol;Pentogen;Pentolos;Petab;Petonel;Praecicalm;Prodormol;Somnophyt;Somnotol;S-spac;Stopp-15;Wans;Wigraine-pb;Yastyl.
Therapeutic FunctionHypnotic, Sedative
World Health Organization (WHO)Pentobarbital is a short-acting barbiturate which is controlled under Schedule III of the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances. See WHO comment for barbiturates. (Reference: (UNCPS3) United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances (III), , , 1971)
Purification MethodsA solution of the sodium salt in 10% HCl is prepared, and the acid is extracted with ether. Evaporation of the extract gives a solid which is then purified by repeated crystallisation from CHCl3. It sublimes at 95-105o/10-12mm. [Bucket & Sandorfy J Phys Chem 88 3274 1984.] The (+)-and (-)-enantiomers crystallise from 50% aqueous EtOH with m 120-121o and have [] 25 +4.73o to –4.93o (EtOH) [Kleiderer & Shonle J Am Chem Soc 56 1772 1934]. [Beilstein 24
Pentobarbital Preparation Products And Raw materials
Raw materialsSodium-->tert-Butanol-->Urea-->ethyl 2-cyano-2-ethyl-3-methylhex-3-enoate-->Diethyl ethyl(1-methylbutyl)malonate-->guanidine-->2-Pentanol
Preparation ProductsPentobarbital sodium-->(+/-)-THIOPENTAL
Amobarbital SECOBARBITAL SODIUM SALT ETHYLENEDIAMINE TETRAKIS(PROPOXYLATE-BLOCK-ETHOXYLATE) TETROL Pentobarbital sodium Diphenolic acid 4-(Diethylamino)salicylaldehyde tert-Butyldimethylsilyl chloride CYCLOPENTOBARBITAL Silver sulfadiazine pentobarbitone hydroxylase pentobarbitone calcium (2-Methoxyethyl)benzene 5-Chlorovaleric acid butyl rubber Hydroxyethyl starch Ethyl maltol pentobarbitone-binding protein Amytal sodium

Email:[email protected] [email protected]
Copyright © 2024 Mywellwork.com All rights reserved.