Citronella oil

Citronella oil Basic information
Essential oils Chemical properties Uses plant origin Specificationstraits Function The standard of allowable maximum amount and residue
Product Name:Citronella oil
Synonyms:CYMBOPOGON NARDUS (CITRONELLA) OIL;CITRONELLA GRASS OIL F. CYMBOPOGON NARD. RENDLE, NATURAL;CITRONELLA OIL JAVA 85/35%;CITRONELLA OIL CHINESE 85/35%;Citronellaeaetheroleum/Citronellal,Geraniol;exCymbopogonnardus;CINTRONELLAOIL;CITRONELLAJAVA
CAS:8000-29-1
MF:
MW:0
EINECS:616-771-7
Product Categories:Essential Oils
Mol File:Mol File
Citronella oil Structure
Citronella oil Chemical Properties
Boiling point 222 °C(lit.)
density 0.897 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
FEMA 2308 | CITRONELLA OIL
refractive index n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Fp 195 °F
storage temp. 2-8°C
Odorat 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol. citrus citronella
Odor Typecitrus
Stability:Stable. Flammable.
EPA Substance Registry SystemCitronella oil (8000-29-1)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes 
WGK Germany 2
HS Code 33012920
toxicityThe acute oral LD50 in rats was reported as > 5 g/kg (Shelanski & Moldovan, 1971). The acute dermal LD50 in rabbits was reported as 4.7 ml/kg (3.4-6.7 ml/kg) (Shelanski & Moldovan, 1971).
MSDS Information
ProviderLanguage
SigmaAldrich English
Citronella oil Usage And Synthesis
Essential oilsCitronella oil, also known as vanilla oil is a kind of essential oil produced by the steam distillation of citronella or sub-lemongrass. It is a light yellow to light brown clear liquid, with the characteristic aroma of citronellal. The aroma of Ceylon type is thick and poor. This essential oil is insoluble in glycerol and propylene glycol, soluble in most volatile oils, mineral oils and ethanol. Java-type oil: the relative density is 0.880~0.895 (20/20 ℃); the refractive index is 1.466~1.473. Ceylon oil: the relative density is 0.894~0.910 (20/20 ℃), the refractive index is 1.479 to 1.487. The main components are citronellal (35% to 45% Java type; 5% to 16% Ceylon type), geraniol (85% Java type; 60% Ceylon), citral, eugenol, vanillin, eugenol, butanedione, benzaldehyde, methylheptenone, juniperene, isovaleraldehyde, geranyl and its esters, etc.
Citronella oil is one of the important natural spices, mainly used for soap and detergent. It is also used in repellent. But the main purpose is to acquire citronellal and geraniol from citronella oil, and further to synthesize hydroxy citronellal, rose alcohol, citral, ionone, vitamin A and a series of citronella oil spices to produce cosmetics and flavoring as well as menthol which used in the pharmaceutical industry, and repellent. Citronella oil also has the function of sterilization, anti-inflammatory, relief of swelling and pain, active, etc.
Java citronella cymbopogon wintorianus Jowitt and Ceylon citronella C.nardus Rondle are two major cultivars around the world. Java citronella is also known as Ma-hapangiri, with an oil yield of 1.2-1.4% and a total alcohol content of 80-90%: Ceylon citronella, also known as Lonabatupangiri, with an oil yield of 0.37~0.4%, and the total alcohol content of 55~65%. So Java citronella are widely planted in the world's tropical countries.
The above information is edited by the editors Tongtong from the chemicalbook.


Chemical propertiesYellow liquid; relative density: 0.8842-0.8965; refractive index: 1.4650-1.480; with a strong grass aroma.
UsesCitronella oil is one of the important natural spices. It can be directly used as soap spices, mainly used for separation and extraction of citronellal and geraniol, and further to synthesize citronellol, hydroxy citronellal, rose alcohol, menthol and other important spices.
plant originderived from the whole plant distilled by citronella steam.
Specificationstraitslight yellow liquid, strong, slightly sweet, with a strong grass aroma; relative density: 0.888~0.892; refractive index (20 ℃): 1.470~1.474 ; content: more than 35% citronellal, 85% citronellol.
FunctionAct as a pesticide, anophelifuge,soap perfume.
The standard of allowable maximum amount and residueName of additives: Citronella oil
Name of food allowable for the additive: food
Function of the additive: Spices used in food
Maximum allowable amount (g/kg): The amount of spices to compound essence should be lower than the allowable maximum amount and residue listed in GB 2760.
Maximum allowable residue (g/kg):



DescriptionCitronella oil is present as a repellent in many sprays that contain other repellents, pyrethrins, and synergists. These formulations have insecticidal and repellent actions against biting insects and flies on cattle, dogs, horses, and pigs. The major constituent of citronella oil is citronellal (to which the information below applies).
Chemical Propertiescolourless or light yellow liquid with characteristic
Chemical PropertiesThere are two essential oils: Ceylon citronella oil and Java citronella oil. Ceylon citronella oil is obtained by steam distillation of the partially dried herb known as the lanabatu variety, while the Java citronella oil is obtained by steam or water distillation of the freshly cut or partially dried herb known as the maha pengira variety. It differs from the Ceylon citronella oil in both composition and odor. The Ceylon type has a characteristic citronellal-like odor. Java-type oil has a pronounced aldehyde (rose, lemon-like) odor.
Chemical PropertiesSri Lanka (Ceylon) citronella oil is produced by steam distillation of fresh or partly dried leaves and stems of the grass species Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle – the so-called lenabatu – cultivated in Sri Lanka. It is a pale yellow to brownish liquid with a fresh, grassy, camphoraceous odor.
d2020 0.891–0.910; n20D 1.479–1.490; α20D ?25 ° to ?12 °; solubility: 1 vol in not more than 2 vol of 80% ethanol at 20 ℃; ester number (after acetylation): 157–200; carbonyl number: min. 18, corresponding to min. 5% of carbonyl compounds (calculated as citronellal).The content of citronellal by GC varies from 3% to 6%. Other typical constituents are borneol (4–7%), citronellol (3–8.5%), geraniol (15–23%), and methyl isoeugenol (7–11%).
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) oil is less valuable than Java oil and is used almost exclusively for perfuming toilet soaps, washing powders, and household products. Annual production is only ~25 t.

Physical propertiesThe Ceylon oil is a pale yellow to yellowish-brown liquid. The Java-type oil is a clear, mobile, light yellow to brownish liquid.
OccurrenceFound in the grasses of Cymbopogon Nardus (Rendle), Andropogon Nardus (L) and Andropogon Nardus Ceylon, de Jong (Fam. Gramineae).
UsesCitronella Essential Oil is the oil extracted from the plant Cymbopogon (lemongrass). It is well-known as an insect repellant.
UsesSoap perfumery, manufacture of hydroxycitronellal, insect repellent.
PreparationBy direct steam-distillation of the dried grass.
DefinitionHas both d- and l-isomers. C 9H17CHO.
Essential oil compositionThe main constituents of citronella oil are geraniol and citronellal
Citronella oil Preparation Products And Raw materials
Preparation ProductsCitronellol-->Geraniol-->Citronellal-->3,7-Dimethyl-7-hydroxyoctanal-->Citronellyl acetate-->CITRONELLYL BUTYRATE
Citronellol ANISE OIL Eucalyptus Citriodara Oil Citronella oil Citronellal Litsea cubeba oil Citronella grass oil Citronellyl nitrile Eucalyptus oil CITRONELLA OIL, JAVA,CITRONELLA OIL CEYLON,CITRONELLA OIL, CHINESE,CITRONELLA OIL, JAVA GERANIOL, NATURAL EX-CITRONELLA OIL CITRONELLOL EX CITRONELLA OIL Geraniol Crude Ex-Citronella Oil Citronellal Ex-Citronella Oil BACCARTOL CITRONELLA OIL, CHINESE,CITRONELLA OIL, JAVA,CITRONELLA OIL CEYLON,CITRONELLA OIL, JAVA CITRONELLA OIL(RG) GERANIOL EX CITRONELLA OIL Citronella Essential Oil

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