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| | Citric acid monohydrate Basic information |
| Product Name: | Citric acid monohydrate | | Synonyms: | 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, monohydrate;1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylicacid,2-hydroxy-,monohydrate;2,3-propanetricarboxylicacid,2-hydroxy-monohydrate;citric;Citric acid hydrate;Citricacidhydrate;Citronensαure-hydrat;Citric acid monohydrate, 99.5+% | | CAS: | 5949-29-1 | | MF: | C6H10O8 | | MW: | 210.1388 | | EINECS: | 200-662-2 | | Product Categories: | BioXtra Buffers;Biological Buffers;Buffers A to Z;Building Blocks;C6;Carbonyl Compounds;Carboxylic Acids;Chemical Synthesis;Nutrition Research;Organic Building Blocks;Other Biochemical;Phytochemicals by Chemical Classification;ACS Grade;Essential Chemicals;C-D, Puriss p.a. ACS;Puriss p.a. ACS;Buffers A to ZCarbonyl Compounds;Other BiochemicalBiological Buffers;Biochemicals Found in Plants;C6Nutrition Research;Carboxylic Acids;SigmaUltra Buffers;ACS GradeCarbonyl Compounds;Essential Chemicals;Other Biochemical;Inorganic Salts;Research Essentials;Solutions and Reagents;Citric Acid Monohydrate is mainly used as acidulating, flavoring and preservative in foods and beverages;Food additive and acidulant;Analytical Reagents;Analytical Reagents for General Use;Puriss;Buffers A to ZEssential Chemicals;USP/MultiCompendial Grade Buffers;USPBiological Buffers;Biological Buffers;Routine Reagents;Buffers A to ZNutrition Research;Reagent GradeMetabolic Pathways;Metabolites and Cofactors on the Metabolic Pathways Chart;Other BiochemicalEssential Chemicals;TCA;5949-29-1;bc0001 | | Mol File: | 5949-29-1.mol |  |
| | Citric acid monohydrate Chemical Properties |
| Melting point | -94 °C(lit.) | | Boiling point | 56 °C760 mm Hg(lit.) | | density | 0.791 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) | | vapor density | 2 (vs air) | | vapor pressure | 184 mm Hg ( 20 °C) | | refractive index | n20/D 1.359(lit.) | | Fp | 1 °F | | storage temp. | no restrictions. | | solubility | Citric Acid Monohydrate is very soluble in water, freely soluble in ethanol and sparingly soluble in ether. | | form | Solid | | pka | 3.138, 4.76, 6.401 | | color | White | | Specific Gravity | 0.810 (20/4℃) | | Odor | Typical, practically odorless | | PH | 1.85 (50g/l, H2O, 25℃) | | Water Solubility | 1630 g/L (20 oC) ;H2O: soluble 54% (w/w) at 10°C (Citric acid in water) | | Sensitive | Hygroscopic | | Merck | 14,2326 | | BRN | 4018641 | | Stability: | Stable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, bases, reducing agents, nitrates. | | InChIKey | YASYEJJMZJALEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N | | CAS DataBase Reference | 5949-29-1(CAS DataBase Reference) | | NIST Chemistry Reference | Citric acid monohydrate(5949-29-1) | | EPA Substance Registry System | 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, hydrate (1:1) (5949-29-1) |
| | Citric acid monohydrate Usage And Synthesis |
| Chemical Properties | Citric acid monohydrate occurs as colorless or translucent crystals or as a white crystalline, efflorescent powder. It is odorless and has a strong acidic taste. The crystal structure is orthorhombic. monohydrate crystals lose water of crystallization in dry air or when heated to about 40 to 50℃. Citric acid monohydrate softens at 75℃ and melts at approximately 100℃. It serves as a natural preservative and is commonly utilized to contribute an acidic or sour taste to foods and soft drinks.
Citric acid monohydrate acts as a preservative and antioxidant. It is also used as an acidulant, flavoring agent and antistaling agent in fruit drinks, candy, cookies, biscuits, canned fruits, jams, and jellies. It differs from other forms of citric acid by having a moisture percentage ranging from 7.5-9.0. | | Uses | Citric Acid Monohydrate is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains the stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative. It is also used as an acidulant to control pH and acts as an anticoagulant by chelating calcium in the blood. Additionally, Citric Acid Monohydrate is used as an acidulating, food additive, and synergist in antioxidant mixtures. | | Application | Citric acid monohydrate has multiple applications. It is used for preparing citrate buffer in platelets for intravital microscopy and as a buffer component for unmasking antigens and epitopes. Additionally, it functions as a pH-control agent in food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries. In animals, it enhances the efficiency of nutritional calcium utilization.
Recent uses of citric acid monohydrate include:
As a carbon source in carbon nanodot synthesis
To prepare a pH-6.0 citric acid monohydrate solution/buffer for tissue sample preparation
In citric acid solubilization technique to treat various samples. | | Definition | ChEBI: Citric acid monohydrate is an organic molecular entity. | | Preparation | Currently, the industrial production process for citric acid monohydrate crystals involves several steps. First, the citric acid fermentation liquid is separated from the solid-liquid to obtain a citric acid clear liquid. Then, the clear liquid undergoes purification via the calcium salt method (hydrogen calcium method), acidolysis, and decolorization. This purified solution is then heated, concentrated, and crystallized to produce anhydrous citric acid. The mother liquor remaining from this process is then filtered by plate and frame and added to a crystallization cylinder to reach a supersaturated state through cooling and precipitating the crystal. Once the temperature reaches around 13 ℃, the mixture undergoes centrifugal separation, and the resulting wet crystal is then dried in a dryer. The separated mother liquor, after being filtered, decolorized, and concentrated, is added back to the crystallization cylinder to repeat the above steps a total of four to five times. Finally, the mother liquor is returned to the extraction workshop for re-purification via chromatographic separation. | | Production Methods | Citric acid occurs naturally in a number of plant species and may be
extracted from lemon juice, which contains 5–8% citric acid, or
pineapple waste. Anhydrous citric acid may also be produced
industrially by mycological fermentation of crude sugar solutions
such as molasses, using strains of Aspergillus niger . Citric acid is
purified by recrystallization; the anhydrous form is obtained from a
hot concentrated aqueous solution and the monohydrate from a
cold concentrated aqueous solution. | | General Description | Citric acid monohydrate is an organic acid. Its molar enthalpy of solution in water has been reported to be ΔsolHm (298.15K, m = 0.0203molkg-1) = (29061 ± 123)Jmol-1 | | Biochem/physiol Actions | Citric acid plays a major role in textile, food, pharmaceutical, metal and chemical industries. Melting citric acid monohydrate can give rise to itaconic anhydride. The crystals of citric acid monohydrate has the ability to preserve water up to 56 degree celsius. | | storage | Citric acid monohydrate loses water of crystallization in dry air or
when heated to about 408℃. It is slightly deliquescent in moist air.
Dilute aqueous solutions of citric acid may ferment on standing. | | Purification Methods | Crystallise it from hot H2O solution (w/w solubility is 54% at 10o, 71% at 50o and 84% at 100o. The monohydrate (softens at ~75o and melts at ~100o) dehydrates in air or when heated gently above 40o . The triethylester ( M 276.3, b 127o/1mm, 294o/atm, d 4 1.137, n D 1.4420.) is a bitter tasting oil. [Beilstein 3 H 556 and 568, 3 IV 1272.] | | Incompatibilities | Citric acid is incompatible with potassium tartrate, alkali and
alkaline earth carbonates and bicarbonates, acetates, and sulfides.
Incompatibilities also include oxidizing agents, bases, reducing
agents, and nitrates. It is potentially explosive in combination with
metal nitrates. On storage, sucrose may crystallize from syrups in
the presence of citric acid. | | Regulatory Status | GRAS listed. The anhydrous form is accepted for use as a food
additive in Europe. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients
Database (inhalations; IM, IV, and other injections; ophthalmic
preparations; oral capsules, solutions, suspensions and tablets;
topical and vaginal preparations). Included in nonparenteral and
parenteral medicines licensed in Japan and the UK. Included in the
Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients. | | References | A comparison of properties between the citric acid monohydrate and deep eutectic solvent extracted Averrhoa bilimbi pectins DOI:10.1007/s11694-020-00533-x
Methods of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis for bacterial population genetics and systematics DOI:10.1128/aem.51.5.873-884.1986
Increased Adhesion and Aggregation of Platelets Lacking Cyclic Guanosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate Kinase I DOI:10.1084/JEM.189.8.1255
Citric Acid, Anhydrous, and Citric Acid, Monohydrate DOI: 10.1021/acsreagents.4096.20211101
Production method for citric acid monohydrate crystal
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/22230
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| | Citric acid monohydrate Preparation Products And Raw materials |
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